Surgical Site Infection Study

NCT ID: NCT01449669

Last Updated: 2014-02-10

Basic Information

• Recruitment Status: COMPLETED
• Total Enrollment: 14 participants
• Study Classification: OBSERVATIONAL
• Study Start Date: 2011-09-30
• Study Completion Date: 2014-02-28

Brief Summary

The purpose of this study is to investigate the pharmacokinetics of cefazolin using both plasma and microdialysate sampling methods in children with single ventricle physiology undergoing their second palliation procedure. This will provide data to determine if the current standard dosing regimen of cefazolin is adequate to achieve and maintain tissue concentrations greater than the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) for common post-surgical pathogens that cause Surgical Site Infections (SSIs).

Detailed Description

This study aims to sample interstitial fluid (IF) of infants undergoing superior cava-pulmonary anastomosis (either Glenn or Hemi-Fontan) cardiac surgical procedures who receive cefazolin as their surgical prophylactic antibiotic. Cefazolin concentrations will then be determined in both microdialysate and plasma samples and used to define the pharmacokinetics of cefazolin at the tissue level and compare that to plasma pharmacokinetics. In addition, the data gathered will be used to assess how cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), deep hypothermic cardiac arrest (DHCA), and modified ultrafiltration (MUF) affect tissue penetration of the prophylactically administered cefazolin.

The study involves the use of microdialysis (MD) and plasma sampling methods to determine the pharmacokinetic properties of cefazolin when used as a prophylactic antibiotic during the second palliation procedure (superior vena cava-pulmonary anastomosis) for infants with single ventricle physiology. This requires the use of microdialysis (MD) catheters inserted into the left deltoid muscle in eligible subjects after the induction of general anesthesia as well as collection of microdialysate and blood samples throughout the duration of the procedure. Cefazolin will be administered as standard of care. Cefazolin concentrations in the collected samples will be measured via a validated high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and mass spectrometry assay. Pharmacokinetic analyses will be performed.

Conditions

Cava-pulmonary Anastomosis

Study Design

• Observational Model Type: COHORT

Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion Criteria

• Males or females with single ventricle physiology undergoing their second palliation procedure (typically performed between 3-6 months of age)
• Use of cefazolin as the prophylactic antibiotic during the operation
• Written informed consent provided by the parent or legal guardian

Exclusion Criteria

• Use of prophylactic antibiotic other than cefazolin during the operation
• Anatomic or other abnormalities of the upper arm that would preclude insertion of a microdialysis catheter
• Known renal or hepatic function

• Minimum Eligible Age: 3 Months
• Maximum Eligible Age: 6 Months
• Eligible Sex: ALL
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Sponsors

Children's Hospital of Philadelphia

OTHER

Sponsor Role: lead

Responsible Party

Responsibility Role: SPONSOR

Principal Investigators

Todd Kilbaugh, MD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Children's Hospital of Philadelphia

References

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion (DHPQ). Estimates of Healthcare-Associated Infections. March 12, 2010. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dhqp/hai.html. Accessed August 3, 2010.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

Anderson DJ, Kaye KS, Classen D, Arias KM, Podgorny K, Burstin H, Calfee DP, Coffin SE, Dubberke ER, Fraser V, Gerding DN, Griffin FA, Gross P, Klompas M, Lo E, Marschall J, Mermel LA, Nicolle L, Pegues DA, Perl TM, Saint S, Salgado CD, Weinstein RA, Wise R, Yokoe DS. Strategies to prevent surgical site infections in acute care hospitals. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2008 Oct;29 Suppl 1:S51-61. doi: 10.1086/591064. No abstract available.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 18840089 (View on PubMed)

Sparling KW, Ryckman FC, Schoettker PJ, Byczkowski TL, Helpling A, Mandel K, Panchanathan A, Kotagal UR. Financial impact of failing to prevent surgical site infections. Qual Manag Health Care. 2007 Jul-Sep;16(3):219-25. doi: 10.1097/01.QMH.0000281058.99929.ea.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 17627217 (View on PubMed)

Costello JM, Graham DA, Morrow DF, Morrow J, Potter-Bynoe G, Sandora TJ, Pigula FA, Laussen PC. Risk factors for surgical site infection after cardiac surgery in children. Ann Thorac Surg. 2010 Jun;89(6):1833-41; discussion 1841-2. doi: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2009.08.081.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 20494036 (View on PubMed)

Ben-Ami E, Levy I, Katz J, Dagan O, Shalit I. Risk factors for sternal wound infection in children undergoing cardiac surgery: a case-control study. J Hosp Infect. 2008 Dec;70(4):335-40. doi: 10.1016/j.jhin.2008.08.010. Epub 2008 Oct 31.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 18951662 (View on PubMed)

Holzmann-Pazgal G, Hopkins-Broyles D, Recktenwald A, Hohrein M, Kieffer P, Huddleston C, Anshuman S, Fraser V. Case-control study of pediatric cardiothoracic surgical site infections. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2008 Jan;29(1):76-9. doi: 10.1086/524323.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 18171193 (View on PubMed)

Kagen J, Lautenbach E, Bilker WB, Matro J, Bell LM, Dominguez TE, Gaynor JW, Shah SS. Risk factors for mediastinitis following median sternotomy in children. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2007 Jul;26(7):613-8. doi: 10.1097/INF.0b013e31806166bb.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 17596804 (View on PubMed)

Allpress AL, Rosenthal GL, Goodrich KM, Lupinetti FM, Zerr DM. Risk factors for surgical site infections after pediatric cardiovascular surgery. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2004 Mar;23(3):231-4. doi: 10.1097/01.inf.0000114904.21616.ba.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 15014298 (View on PubMed)

Nateghian A, Taylor G, Robinson JL. Risk factors for surgical site infections following open-heart surgery in a Canadian pediatric population. Am J Infect Control. 2004 Nov;32(7):397-401. doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2004.03.004.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 15525914 (View on PubMed)

Mehta PA, Cunningham CK, Colella CB, Alferis G, Weiner LB. Risk factors for sternal wound and other infections in pediatric cardiac surgery patients. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2000 Oct;19(10):1000-4. doi: 10.1097/00006454-200010000-00012.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 11055604 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

PSSIMD

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: secondary_id

11-007976

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id