Continuous Neurophysiological Monitoring Detection of Cerebral Vasospasm in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Subjects

NCT ID: NCT01343537

Last Updated: 2016-01-01

Basic Information

• Recruitment Status: TERMINATED
• Clinical Phase: EARLY_PHASE1
• Total Enrollment: 2 participants
• Study Classification: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Start Date: 2010-12-31
• Study Completion Date: 2014-03-31

Brief Summary

Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (bleeding on the brain due to a ruptured aneurysm) is a serious condition with a high morbidity (incidence of having ill health) and mortality (death). There are approximately 11 cases per 100,000 in the population per year, and approximately 40% of these cases are fatal. (Ingall) Among the fortunate subjects who survive the initial bleed, vasospasm and subsequent stroke are a major cause of morbidity. Vasospasm is defined as a prolonged severe, although reversible cause of arterial narrowing that occurs after bleeding into the subarachnoid space, most commonly after aneurysmal rupture. (Youman) The reduced arterial diameter inhibits blood flow and deprives the brain of oxygen, which often results in a stroke.

Vasospasm is a major problem when treating subjects with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. For these reasons, it is essential to diagnose cerebral vasospasm early, before permanent deficits develop.

There may be another option to solve this dilemma. The field of neuro-monitoring (neurological monitoring) has the technology available to continuously monitor brain activity of these sedated ICU subjects. This may allow for early diagnosis and possibly identify changes in neurologic function before they become symptomatic. In the past, neuro-monitoring was primarily used in the operating room to monitor neurologic function during surgery in and around the spinal cord. Surgery to the spine or spinal cord also carries its own form of risk, either from mechanical trauma to the spinal cord or its nerve roots, or from interruption of the blood supply to these structures. Should damage to nerve fibers occur, the end result could be paralysis, loss of sensation, and onset of severe burning (i.e. neuropathic) pain. The field of intraoperative neuro-monitoring (IOM) was developed to address these risks during spine surgery, whereby nerves rostral (toward the head) or caudal (toward the feet) to the site of surgery are stimulated (usually via electrical pulses) and signals are recorded from the side opposite to the site of stimulation. Thus, the signals carried by nerve fibers are forced to pass through the region at risk from the surgery. In the event that changes in nerve responses are seen, the surgical team is notified, and they can change what they're doing to try and restore signals, thereby preserving function in the nerve fibers.

This same technology has been used in the neurosurgical ICU to monitor subjects with severe brain injury from trauma, stroke, intracranial hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage. Using continuous electroencephalogram (EEG) monitoring combined with somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs) (a type of neuro monitoring) has been used to determine prognosis, identify subjects in subclinical status epilepticus (state of brain being in a constant seizure), predict elevations in the intracranial pressure Increased pressure within the skull), and diagnose cerebral hypoxia (not enough oxygen in the brain) (Amantini)

Detailed Description

Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage is a serious condition with a high morbidity and mortality. There are approximately 11 cases per 100,000 population per year, and approximately 40% of these cases are fatal. (Ingall) Among the fortunate subjects who survive the initial bleed, vasospasm and subsequent stroke are a major cause of morbidity. Vasospasm is defined as a prolonged severe, although reversible cause of arterial narrowing that occurs after bleeding into the subarachnoid space, most commonly after aneurismal rupture. (Youman) The reduced arterial diameter inhibits blood flow and deprives the brain of oxygen, which often results in a stroke.

Vasospasm is a major problem when treating subjects with aneurismal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Up to 75% of subjects with aneurismal subarachnoid hemorrhage will develop vasospasm, and 30% of subarachnoid hemorrhage subjects will become clinically symptomatic, with muscle weakness as the primary symptom. (Dorsch) Even with intervention, 12% of patents with symptomatic vasospasm will develop permanent clinical deficits (after a ruptured aneurysm) including hemiplegia, aphasias, and visual loss. Less severe strokes may lead to modest loss of strength and sensation on one side of the body, and/or deterioration in higher brain functions, such as memory, speech comprehension, and planning.

Continuous Neuro-monitoring has previously been used in the trauma ICU setting as a means to detect deterioration in brain function after closed head injury (Amantini, Daubin), ischemic encephalopathy (Hakimi) and in subjects with MCA stroke to determine function (Tzvetanov). It was also observed that monitoring changes occur prior to ICP elevations in critically ill subjects (Amantini). These studies have demonstrated the feasibility as well as the safety of monitoring in an ICU.

No studies to date have attempted monitoring for vasospasm in subjects who suffered an aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Motor evoked potential have also not been trialed in the ICU, although MEP may be more useful to determine both cerebral ischemia, as well as functional outcome.

Conditions

Cerebral Vasospasm; SAH; Aneurysm

Study Design

• Allocation Method: NA
• Intervention Model: SINGLE_GROUP
• Primary Study Purpose: TREATMENT
• Blinding Strategy: NONE

Study Groups

Monitoring

Group Type: EXPERIMENTAL

Neuro Monitoring

Intervention Type: OTHER

Neuro monitoring from day 4 to day 14 post subarachnoid hemorrhage for cerebral vasospasm

Interventions

Neuro Monitoring

Neuro monitoring from day 4 to day 14 post subarachnoid hemorrhage for cerebral vasospasm

Intervention Type: OTHER

Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion Criteria

All subjects who have subarachnoid hemorrhage from undetermined source, such as angiogram negative subarachnoid hemorrhage, those who have a reliable neurological exam such as Hunt and Hess grade 1-3 subarachnoid hemorrhage subjects, and those who are intubated, but require minimal sedation and therefore have a consistent neurological exam will be excluded from the study. Also, any subject that has a body temperature of less then 32 degrees Celsius will be excluded.

• Minimum Eligible Age: 18 Years
• Maximum Eligible Age: 89 Years
• Eligible Sex: ALL
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Sponsors

State University of New York - Upstate Medical University

OTHER

Sponsor Role: lead

Responsible Party

Responsibility Role: SPONSOR

Principal Investigators

Eric M Deshaies, MD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

State University of New York - Upstate Medical University

Locations

SUNY Upstate Medical University

Syracuse, New York, United States

Countries

United States

Other Identifiers

5981

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id