Study Results
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Recruitment Status
COMPLETED
Clinical Phase
PHASE2/PHASE3
Total Enrollment
53 participants
Study Classification
INTERVENTIONAL
Study Start Date
2011-05-31
Study Completion Date
2013-12-31
Brief Summary
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Fifty subjects will be enrolled in this Phase II, investigator-initiated, randomized and blinded cross-over trial of dalfampridine of 8 weeks duration The study will test the hypothesis that dalfampridine, when administered to subjects with incomplete visual recovery after optic neuritis from MS, will result in symptomatic improvement in visual function. The study will consist of one screening/baseline visit, one visit during treatment with active drug, and one visit on placebo. After the baseline visit, subjects will be randomly assigned to receive study medication or placebo for the first three weeks, followed by a two week wash-out, and then treatment reallocation for the latter three weeks.
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Detailed Description
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Optic neuritis (ON) is the presenting feature of multiple sclerosis (MS) in 15% of cases, and occurs over the disease course in 50% of patients.1-3 Vision remains a major concern for MS patients, as visual dysfunction leads to lower quality of life.4-6 Despite the high prevalence of ON in MS, treatment and management options remain limited. Although intravenous glucocorticoids are employed to aid recovery of an acute episode of ON, no convincing evidence supports their efficacy in altering the degree of long-term recovery.7 Although some individuals with ON can have a dramatic recovery from blindness, ON often impairs visual function permanently. In the Optic Neuritis Treatment Trial, 63% reported that vision had not returned to normal after 6 months, and 20% had vision worse than 20/20 after 5 years of follow-up.8, 9 Visual impairment creates difficulties at home and work, leading to decreased independence and impaired mobility within the community. Visual dysfunction in combination with MS impairments within cerebellar and proprioceptive systems can be particularly disabling.
Optic neuritis classically impairs one's ability to read print or a computer screen, to drive in bright or low light, and to appreciate colors and contrasts. Unfortunately, when optic neuritis results in lasting impairment, there are no pharmacologic therapies to restore vision. Low vision specialists may provide magnifying glasses, brighter lights, and advice to optimize the position of objects at home and in the workplace. Better treatment options are needed to improve visual function.
Ampyra (dalfampridine) is a potassium-channel antagonist, with a mechanism-of-action to improve nerve conduction in demyelinated axons, resulting in an electrophysiologic and clinical benefit.10-22 Demyelinated axons within the anterior visual pathway would be a prime and ideal target to study the effects of Ampyra. In fact, Stefoski et al demonstrated visual function benefit in an open-label study of IV 4-aminopyridine in 12 subjects.21 The optic nerves are a well-defined white-matter tract, commonly affected in MS, and with clear clinical outcome measures. In addition, visual evoked potentials (VEPs) can be included within the study design as a secondary endpoint, to confirm improved nerve conduction. Because VEPs are such a precise, reliable, and accepted measure of demyelination, the anterior visual pathway is the ideal in vivo human system to study the electro-physiologic effects of a therapeutic such as Ampyra.
Hypothesis 1: Dalfampridine treatment will improve visual function, measured by the 5% ETDRS contrast sensitivity chart, in subjects with long-term visual impairment secondary to optic neuritis from MS.
Hypothesis 2: Dalfampridine treatment will reduce visual evoked potential P100 latency following remote optic neuritis.
Hypothesis 3: Dalfampridine treatment will result in an improvement in secondary endpoints, including visual fields, high contrast visual acuity, color vision, and quality of life.
The study will be conducted at the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, the institution at which Dr. Naismith is based. The MS patients will come from the 1800 active MS patients in our clinic and the 3500 in the St. Louis area.
Fifty subjects will be enrolled in this Phase II, investigator-initiated, randomized and blinded cross-over trial of dalfampridine of 8 weeks duration (Table 1). The study will test the hypothesis that dalfampridine, when administered to subjects with incomplete visual recovery after optic neuritis from MS, will result in symptomatic improvement in visual function. The study will consist of one screening/baseline visit, one visit during treatment with active drug, and one visit on placebo. After the baseline visit, subjects will be randomly assigned to receive study medication or placebo for the first three weeks, followed by a two week wash-out, and then treatment reallocation for the latter three weeks.
Optic neuritis classically impairs one's ability to read print or a computer screen, to drive in bright or low light, and to appreciate colors and contrasts. Unfortunately, when optic neuritis results in lasting impairment, there are no pharmacologic therapies to restore vision. Low vision specialists may provide magnifying glasses, brighter lights, and advice to optimize the position of objects at home and in the workplace. Better treatment options are needed to improve visual function.
Ampyra (dalfampridine) is a potassium-channel antagonist, with a mechanism-of-action to improve nerve conduction in demyelinated axons, resulting in an electrophysiologic and clinical benefit.10-22 Demyelinated axons within the anterior visual pathway would be a prime and ideal target to study the effects of Ampyra. In fact, Stefoski et al demonstrated visual function benefit in an open-label study of IV 4-aminopyridine in 12 subjects.21 The optic nerves are a well-defined white-matter tract, commonly affected in MS, and with clear clinical outcome measures. In addition, visual evoked potentials (VEPs) can be included within the study design as a secondary endpoint, to confirm improved nerve conduction. Because VEPs are such a precise, reliable, and accepted measure of demyelination, the anterior visual pathway is the ideal in vivo human system to study the electro-physiologic effects of a therapeutic such as Ampyra.
Hypothesis 1: Dalfampridine treatment will improve visual function, measured by the 5% ETDRS contrast sensitivity chart, in subjects with long-term visual impairment secondary to optic neuritis from MS.
Hypothesis 2: Dalfampridine treatment will reduce visual evoked potential P100 latency following remote optic neuritis.
Hypothesis 3: Dalfampridine treatment will result in an improvement in secondary endpoints, including visual fields, high contrast visual acuity, color vision, and quality of life.
The study will be conducted at the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, the institution at which Dr. Naismith is based. The MS patients will come from the 1800 active MS patients in our clinic and the 3500 in the St. Louis area.
Fifty subjects will be enrolled in this Phase II, investigator-initiated, randomized and blinded cross-over trial of dalfampridine of 8 weeks duration (Table 1). The study will test the hypothesis that dalfampridine, when administered to subjects with incomplete visual recovery after optic neuritis from MS, will result in symptomatic improvement in visual function. The study will consist of one screening/baseline visit, one visit during treatment with active drug, and one visit on placebo. After the baseline visit, subjects will be randomly assigned to receive study medication or placebo for the first three weeks, followed by a two week wash-out, and then treatment reallocation for the latter three weeks.
Conditions
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Multiple Sclerosis
Optic Neuritis
Study Design
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Allocation Method
RANDOMIZED
Intervention Model
CROSSOVER
Primary Study Purpose
TREATMENT
Blinding Strategy
SINGLE
Participants
Study Groups
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Group B: Dalfampridine First
Dalfampridine/Placebo: Weeks 1-3: Dalfampridine 10mg (1 tablet) every 12 hours for 3 weeks. Weeks 4-5: 2 weeks of wash-out. Weeks 5-8: Placebo (sugar pill) 1 tablet every 12 hours for 3 weeks.
Group Type
ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Dalfampridine/Placebo
Intervention Type
DRUG
Weeks 1-3: Dalfampridine 10mg (1 tablet) every 12 hours for 3 weeks. Weeks 4-5: 2 weeks of wash-out. Weeks 5-8: Placebo (sugar pill) 1 tablet every 12 hours for 3 weeks.
Group A: Dalfampridine Second
Placebo/Dalfampridine: Weeks 1-3: Placebo (sugar pill) 1 tablet every 12 hours for 3 weeks. Weeks 4-5: 2 weeks of wash-out. Weeks 6-8: Dalfampridine 10mg (1 tablet) every 12 hours for 3 weeks
Group Type
ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Placebo/Dalfampridine
Intervention Type
DRUG
Weeks 1-3: Placebo (sugar pill) 1 tablet every 12 hours for 3 weeks. Weeks 4-5: 2 weeks of wash-out. Weeks 6-8: Dalfampridine 10mg (1 tablet) every 12 hours for 3 weeks.
Interventions
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Dalfampridine/Placebo
Weeks 1-3: Dalfampridine 10mg (1 tablet) every 12 hours for 3 weeks. Weeks 4-5: 2 weeks of wash-out. Weeks 5-8: Placebo (sugar pill) 1 tablet every 12 hours for 3 weeks.
Intervention Type
DRUG
Placebo/Dalfampridine
Weeks 1-3: Placebo (sugar pill) 1 tablet every 12 hours for 3 weeks. Weeks 4-5: 2 weeks of wash-out. Weeks 6-8: Dalfampridine 10mg (1 tablet) every 12 hours for 3 weeks.
Intervention Type
DRUG
Other Intervention Names
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Ampyra (R)
Fampridine
Ampyra (R)
Fampridine
Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria
1. At least one previous clinical episode of optic neuritis,
2. the last episode of ON must have occurred at least 12 months prior to study entry,
3. clinically definite MS, defined by the revised McDonald criteria, 23
4. ages 18-70,
5. visual acuity greater than or equal to 20/30
6. must be able to read at least 2 of the 5 letters on the top line of the 5% ETDRS chart (logMAR 0.96) at 3 meters, 2 meters or 1 meter, and
7. must have sufficient cognitive function to understand the consent process and to reliably perform all clinical assessments
2. the last episode of ON must have occurred at least 12 months prior to study entry,
3. clinically definite MS, defined by the revised McDonald criteria, 23
4. ages 18-70,
5. visual acuity greater than or equal to 20/30
6. must be able to read at least 2 of the 5 letters on the top line of the 5% ETDRS chart (logMAR 0.96) at 3 meters, 2 meters or 1 meter, and
7. must have sufficient cognitive function to understand the consent process and to reliably perform all clinical assessments
Exclusion Criteria
1. Any ophthalmologic condition, other than ON, which can affect vision, including nystagmus in primary position of gaze,
2. history of seizures or spells with altered level of consciousness,
3. pregnancy or breast feeding,
4. an MS exacerbation or use of glucocorticoids within 3 months of entry,
5. a history of moderate to severe renal insufficiency,
6. previous use of 4-aminopyridine, in any formulation, in the prior 4 weeks.
2. history of seizures or spells with altered level of consciousness,
3. pregnancy or breast feeding,
4. an MS exacerbation or use of glucocorticoids within 3 months of entry,
5. a history of moderate to severe renal insufficiency,
6. previous use of 4-aminopyridine, in any formulation, in the prior 4 weeks.
Minimum Eligible Age
18 Years
Maximum Eligible Age
55 Years
Eligible Sex
ALL
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
No
Sponsors
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Acorda Therapeutics
INDUSTRY
Sponsor Role
collaborator
Washington University School of Medicine
OTHER
Sponsor Role
lead
Responsible Party
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Responsibility Role
SPONSOR
Principal Investigators
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Robert T Naismith, MD
Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
Washington University School of Medicine
Locations
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Washington University (John L. Trotter MS Center)
St Louis, Missouri, United States
Site Status
Countries
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United States
References
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Frohman EM, Frohman TC, Zee DS, McColl R, Galetta S. The neuro-ophthalmology of multiple sclerosis. Lancet Neurol. 2005 Feb;4(2):111-21. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(05)00992-0.
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BACKGROUND
Arnold AC. Evolving management of optic neuritis and multiple sclerosis. Am J Ophthalmol. 2005 Jun;139(6):1101-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2005.01.031.
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BACKGROUND
Balcer LJ. Clinical practice. Optic neuritis. N Engl J Med. 2006 Mar 23;354(12):1273-80. doi: 10.1056/NEJMcp053247. No abstract available.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Ma SL, Shea JA, Galetta SL, Jacobs DA, Markowitz CE, Maguire MG, Balcer LJ. Self-reported visual dysfunction in multiple sclerosis: new data from the VFQ-25 and development of an MS-specific vision questionnaire. Am J Ophthalmol. 2002 May;133(5):686-92. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9394(02)01337-5.
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Noble J, Forooghian F, Sproule M, Westall C, O'Connor P. Utility of the National Eye Institute VFQ-25 questionnaire in a heterogeneous group of multiple sclerosis patients. Am J Ophthalmol. 2006 Sep;142(3):464-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2006.04.051.
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Mowry EM, Loguidice MJ, Daniels AB, Jacobs DA, Markowitz CE, Galetta SL, Nano-Schiavi ML, Cutter GR, Maguire MG, Balcer LJ. Vision related quality of life in multiple sclerosis: correlation with new measures of low and high contrast letter acuity. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2009 Jul;80(7):767-72. doi: 10.1136/jnnp.2008.165449. Epub 2009 Feb 23.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Beck RW, Cleary PA, Anderson MM Jr, Keltner JL, Shults WT, Kaufman DI, Buckley EG, Corbett JJ, Kupersmith MJ, Miller NR, et al. A randomized, controlled trial of corticosteroids in the treatment of acute optic neuritis. The Optic Neuritis Study Group. N Engl J Med. 1992 Feb 27;326(9):581-8. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199202273260901.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Visual function 5 years after optic neuritis: experience of the Optic Neuritis Treatment Trial. The Optic Neuritis Study Group. Arch Ophthalmol. 1997 Dec;115(12):1545-52.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Cleary PA, Beck RW, Bourque LB, Backlund JC, Miskala PH. Visual symptoms after optic neuritis. Results from the Optic Neuritis Treatment Trial. J Neuroophthalmol. 1997 Mar;17(1):18-23; quiz 24-8. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9394(14)70814-1.
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BACKGROUND
Goodman AD, Brown TR, Krupp LB, Schapiro RT, Schwid SR, Cohen R, Marinucci LN, Blight AR; Fampridine MS-F203 Investigators. Sustained-release oral fampridine in multiple sclerosis: a randomised, double-blind, controlled trial. Lancet. 2009 Feb 28;373(9665):732-8. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60442-6.
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Fujihara K, Miyoshi T. The effects of 4-aminopyridine on motor evoked potentials in multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Sci. 1998 Jul 15;159(1):102-6. doi: 10.1016/s0022-510x(98)00143-9.
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Schwid SR, Petrie MD, McDermott MP, Tierney DS, Mason DH, Goodman AD. Quantitative assessment of sustained-release 4-aminopyridine for symptomatic treatment of multiple sclerosis. Neurology. 1997 Apr;48(4):817-21. doi: 10.1212/wnl.48.4.817.
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BACKGROUND
Davis FA, Stefoski D, Quandt FN. Mechanism of action of 4-aminopyridine in the symptomatic treatment of multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol. 1995 May;37(5):684. doi: 10.1002/ana.410370524. No abstract available.
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BACKGROUND
Bever CT Jr, Young D, Anderson PA, Krumholz A, Conway K, Leslie J, Eddington N, Plaisance KI, Panitch HS, Dhib-Jalbut S, et al. The effects of 4-aminopyridine in multiple sclerosis patients: results of a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, concentration-controlled, crossover trial. Neurology. 1994 Jun;44(6):1054-9. doi: 10.1212/wnl.44.6.1054.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Polman CH, Bertelsmann FW, van Loenen AC, Koetsier JC. 4-aminopyridine in the treatment of patients with multiple sclerosis. Long-term efficacy and safety. Arch Neurol. 1994 Mar;51(3):292-6. doi: 10.1001/archneur.1994.00540150090022.
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BACKGROUND
van Diemen HA, Polman CH, van Dongen MM, Nauta JJ, Strijers RL, van Loenen AC, Bertelsmann FW, Koetsier JC. 4-Aminopyridine induces functional improvement in multiple sclerosis patients: a neurophysiological study. J Neurol Sci. 1993 Jun;116(2):220-6. doi: 10.1016/0022-510x(93)90329-w.
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BACKGROUND
van Diemen HA, Polman CH, van Dongen TM, van Loenen AC, Nauta JJ, Taphoorn MJ, van Walbeek HK, Koetsier JC. The effect of 4-aminopyridine on clinical signs in multiple sclerosis: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, cross-over study. Ann Neurol. 1992 Aug;32(2):123-30. doi: 10.1002/ana.410320203.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Stefoski D, Davis FA, Fitzsimmons WE, Luskin SS, Rush J, Parkhurst GW. 4-Aminopyridine in multiple sclerosis: prolonged administration. Neurology. 1991 Sep;41(9):1344-8. doi: 10.1212/wnl.41.9.1344.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Polman CH, van Diemen HA, van Dongen MM, Koetsier JC, van Loenen AC, van Walbeek HK. 4-Aminopyridine in multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol. 1990 Oct;28(4):589. doi: 10.1002/ana.410280421. No abstract available.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Davis FA, Stefoski D, Rush J. Orally administered 4-aminopyridine improves clinical signs in multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol. 1990 Feb;27(2):186-92. doi: 10.1002/ana.410270215.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Polman CH, Reingold SC, Edan G, Filippi M, Hartung HP, Kappos L, Lublin FD, Metz LM, McFarland HF, O'Connor PW, Sandberg-Wollheim M, Thompson AJ, Weinshenker BG, Wolinsky JS. Diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis: 2005 revisions to the "McDonald Criteria". Ann Neurol. 2005 Dec;58(6):840-6. doi: 10.1002/ana.20703.
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BACKGROUND
Jones RE, Heron JR, Foster DH, Snelgar RS, Mason RJ. Effects of 4-aminopyridine in patients with multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Sci. 1983 Aug-Sep;60(3):353-62. doi: 10.1016/0022-510x(83)90145-4.
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Vollmer T, Henney HR 3rd. Pharmacokinetics and tolerability of single escalating doses of fampridine sustained-release tablets in patients with multiple sclerosis: a Phase I-II, open-label trial. Clin Ther. 2009 Oct;31(10):2206-14. doi: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2009.10.008.
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BACKGROUND
Vollmer T, Blight AR, Henney HR 3rd. Steady-state pharmacokinetics and tolerability of orally administered fampridine sustained-release 10-mg tablets in patients with multiple sclerosis: a 2-week, open-label, follow-up study. Clin Ther. 2009 Oct;31(10):2215-23. doi: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2009.10.007.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Beck RW, Ruchman MC, Savino PJ, Schatz NJ. Contrast sensitivity measurements in acute and resolved optic neuritis. Br J Ophthalmol. 1984 Oct;68(10):756-9. doi: 10.1136/bjo.68.10.756.
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BACKGROUND
Trobe JD, Beck RW, Moke PS, Cleary PA. Contrast sensitivity and other vision tests in the optic neuritis treatment trial. Am J Ophthalmol. 1996 May;121(5):547-53. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9394(14)75429-7.
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BACKGROUND
Farnsworth D. The Farnsworth-Munsell 100-hue and dichotomous tests for color vision. J Opt Soc Am 1943;33:568-574.
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BACKGROUND
Naismith RT, Tutlam NT, Xu J, Klawiter EC, Shepherd J, Trinkaus K, Song SK, Cross AH. Optical coherence tomography differs in neuromyelitis optica compared with multiple sclerosis. Neurology. 2009 Mar 24;72(12):1077-82. doi: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000345042.53843.d5.
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BACKGROUND
Naismith RT, Tutlam NT, Xu J, Shepherd JB, Klawiter EC, Song SK, Cross AH. Optical coherence tomography is less sensitive than visual evoked potentials in optic neuritis. Neurology. 2009 Jul 7;73(1):46-52. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181aaea32.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Naismith RT, Xu J, Tutlam NT, Trinkaus K, Cross AH, Song SK. Radial diffusivity in remote optic neuritis discriminates visual outcomes. Neurology. 2010 May 25;74(21):1702-10. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181e0434d.
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BACKGROUND
Naismith RT, Xu J, Tutlam NT, Scully PT, Trinkaus K, Snyder AZ, Song SK, Cross AH. Increased diffusivity in acute multiple sclerosis lesions predicts risk of black hole. Neurology. 2010 May 25;74(21):1694-701. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181e042c4.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Naismith RT, Xu J, Tutlam NT, Snyder A, Benzinger T, Shimony J, Shepherd J, Trinkaus K, Cross AH, Song SK. Disability in optic neuritis correlates with diffusion tensor-derived directional diffusivities. Neurology. 2009 Feb 17;72(7):589-94. doi: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000335766.22758.cd. Epub 2008 Dec 10.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Naismith RT, Shepherd JB, Weihl CC, Tutlam NT, Cross AH. Acute and bilateral blindness due to optic neuropathy associated with copper deficiency. Arch Neurol. 2009 Aug;66(8):1025-7. doi: 10.1001/archneurol.2009.70.
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BACKGROUND
Vanden Bosch ME, Wall M. Visual acuity scored by the letter-by-letter or probit methods has lower retest variability than the line assignment method. Eye (Lond). 1997;11 ( Pt 3):411-7. doi: 10.1038/eye.1997.87.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Acorda Therapeutics. AMPRYA package insert (2010).
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Other Identifiers
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WU HRPO# : 201104126
Identifier Type: OTHER
Identifier Source: secondary_id
Ampyra Vision 2011 RTN
Identifier Type: -
Identifier Source: org_study_id
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