Trial Outcomes & Findings for Prevention of Peritonitis in Peritoneal Dialysis (NCT NCT01293799)

NCT ID: NCT01293799

Last Updated: 2025-12-16

Results Overview

Time (days) after the date of randomization to the date of the first peritonitis episode was calculated for each participant. The cumulative time without peritonitis using the Cox regression model from which unadjusted hazard ratios were calculated. Actuarial survival curves showing proportions of peritonitis-free participants over time in the two groups were estimated by means of the Kaplan-Meier method. Log rank follow-up was used to compare the survival curves. Patients who stopped PD treatment due to causes other than peritonitis were managed according to the intention-to-treat principle.

• Recruitment status: COMPLETED
• Study phase: NA
• Target enrollment: 713 participants
• Primary outcome timeframe: Participants were followed from 1 month after PD start (time of randomization) up to a maximum of 36 months after start of peritoneal dialysis, i.e. to maximally 35 months after randomization. Time to first peritonitis was calculated for each participant.
• Results posted on: 2025-12-16

Participant Flow

Recruitment started on January 18th, 2010 and ended on December 31st, 2014. The recruitment time was prolonged from planned two years to five years. Of the 713 initially included subjects, only 671 met the inclusion criteria. Of the 671 randomized subjects, 331 were assigned to the Control group and 340 to the Follow-up group.

Participant milestones

Measure	The Retraining Group 340 patients were allocated to the retraining group.	Control Group 331 subjects were allocated to the Control group.
Overall Study STARTED	340	331
Overall Study First Peritonitis Episode	102	121
Overall Study COMPLETED	67	86
Overall Study NOT COMPLETED	273	245

Reasons for withdrawal

Measure	The Retraining Group 340 patients were allocated to the retraining group.	Control Group 331 subjects were allocated to the Control group.
Overall Study Kidney transplantation	109	96
Overall Study Transfer to hemodialysis	70	90
Overall Study Death	27	29
Overall Study Transfer to assisted PD	24	18
Overall Study Withdrawal by Subject	26	0
Overall Study Investigator decision	5	2
Overall Study Kidney function improved	6	7
Overall Study Other causes	6	3

Baseline Characteristics

Data was missing for one subject in the Retraining group and 3 subjects in the Control group.

Baseline characteristics by cohort

Measure	The Retraining Group n=340 Participants The intervention in the retraining group consisted of tests at the study visits of the patients´ theoretical and practical skills regarding peritoneal dialysis If the test goals were not passed, retraining was given until the goals were reached. The peritonitis rate in this group will be compared with that of the control group.	Control Group n=331 Participants Patients randomised to the control group were treated according to the routines of the clinic.	Total n=671 Participants Total of all reporting groups
Age, Continuous	64 Years n=340 Participants	62 Years n=331 Participants	62 Years n=671 Participants
Sex: Female, Male Female	111 Participants n=340 Participants	114 Participants n=331 Participants	225 Participants n=671 Participants
Sex: Female, Male Male	229 Participants n=340 Participants	217 Participants n=331 Participants	446 Participants n=671 Participants
Region of Enrollment Sweden	191 participants n=340 Participants	192 participants n=331 Participants	383 participants n=671 Participants
Region of Enrollment Latvia	25 participants n=340 Participants	25 participants n=331 Participants	50 participants n=671 Participants
Region of Enrollment Netherlands	25 participants n=340 Participants	26 participants n=331 Participants	51 participants n=671 Participants
Region of Enrollment Denmark	32 participants n=340 Participants	27 participants n=331 Participants	59 participants n=671 Participants
Region of Enrollment Estonia	11 participants n=340 Participants	9 participants n=331 Participants	20 participants n=671 Participants
Region of Enrollment Norway	30 participants n=340 Participants	26 participants n=331 Participants	56 participants n=671 Participants
Region of Enrollment Finland	22 participants n=340 Participants	22 participants n=331 Participants	44 participants n=671 Participants
Region of Enrollment United Kingdom	4 participants n=340 Participants	4 participants n=331 Participants	8 participants n=671 Participants
Age 65 years or more	164 Participants n=340 Participants	144 Participants n=331 Participants	308 Participants n=671 Participants
Body weight	77 Kg STANDARD_DEVIATION 15 • n=340 Participants	79 Kg STANDARD_DEVIATION 16 • n=331 Participants	78 Kg STANDARD_DEVIATION 15 • n=671 Participants
Body mass index	26 Kg/m2 STANDARD_DEVIATION 4 • n=340 Participants	26 Kg/m2 STANDARD_DEVIATION 4 • n=331 Participants	26 Kg/m2 STANDARD_DEVIATION 4 • n=671 Participants
Primary cause of end-stage kidney disease Diabetic nephropathy	63 Participants n=340 Participants	87 Participants n=331 Participants	150 Participants n=671 Participants
Primary cause of end-stage kidney disease Glomerulonephritis	87 Participants n=340 Participants	87 Participants n=331 Participants	174 Participants n=671 Participants
Primary cause of end-stage kidney disease Tubulointerstitial nephritis	17 Participants n=340 Participants	17 Participants n=331 Participants	34 Participants n=671 Participants
Primary cause of end-stage kidney disease Polycystic kidney disease	40 Participants n=340 Participants	29 Participants n=331 Participants	69 Participants n=671 Participants
Primary cause of end-stage kidney disease Ischemic kidney kisease	1 Participants n=340 Participants	1 Participants n=331 Participants	2 Participants n=671 Participants
Primary cause of end-stage kidney disease Nephrosclerosis/Hypertension	78 Participants n=340 Participants	66 Participants n=331 Participants	144 Participants n=671 Participants
Primary cause of end-stage kidney disease Other diagnosis	38 Participants n=340 Participants	26 Participants n=331 Participants	64 Participants n=671 Participants
Primary cause of end-stage kidney disease Unknown cause	16 Participants n=340 Participants	18 Participants n=331 Participants	34 Participants n=671 Participants
Comorbidity Ischemic heart disease	60 participants n=340 Participants	62 participants n=331 Participants	122 participants n=671 Participants
Comorbidity Peripheral vascular disease and stroke	39 participants n=340 Participants	27 participants n=331 Participants	66 participants n=671 Participants
Comorbidity Left ventricular dysfunction	37 participants n=340 Participants	34 participants n=331 Participants	71 participants n=671 Participants
Comorbidity Diabetes (comorbidity or main cause of kidney failure)	88 participants n=340 Participants	111 participants n=331 Participants	199 participants n=671 Participants
Comorbidity Collagen vascular disease	20 participants n=340 Participants	10 participants n=331 Participants	30 participants n=671 Participants
Comorbidity Other significant pathology	42 participants n=340 Participants	30 participants n=331 Participants	72 participants n=671 Participants
Karnofsky performance scale for measurement of functional status	90 Score n=340 Participants	90 Score n=331 Participants	90 Score n=671 Participants
Social factors Visual impairment with reading problems	17 Participants n=340 Participants	28 Participants n=331 Participants	45 Participants n=671 Participants
Social factors Impaired hand function	23 Participants n=340 Participants	21 Participants n=331 Participants	44 Participants n=671 Participants
Social factors Working full or part time	103 Participants n=340 Participants	102 Participants n=331 Participants	205 Participants n=671 Participants
Social factors Retired	184 Participants n=340 Participants	169 Participants n=331 Participants	353 Participants n=671 Participants
Social factors Living alone	91 Participants n=340 Participants	77 Participants n=331 Participants	168 Participants n=671 Participants
Social factors Need for translation/interpreter	9 Participants n=340 Participants	13 Participants n=331 Participants	22 Participants n=671 Participants
Social factors Current smoking	34 Participants n=340 Participants	39 Participants n=331 Participants	73 Participants n=671 Participants
Serum creatinine (at PD start)	640 Micromol/L STANDARD_DEVIATION 234 • n=340 Participants	650 Micromol/L STANDARD_DEVIATION 208 • n=331 Participants	645 Micromol/L STANDARD_DEVIATION 222 • n=671 Participants
Serum urea (at PD start)	28 mmol/L STANDARD_DEVIATION 9 • n=340 Participants	28 mmol/L STANDARD_DEVIATION 9 • n=331 Participants	28 mmol/L STANDARD_DEVIATION 9 • n=671 Participants
Serum albumin (at PD start)	34 g/L STANDARD_DEVIATION 6 • n=339 Participants • Data was missing for one subject in the Retraining group and 3 subjects in the Control group.	34 g/L STANDARD_DEVIATION 6 • n=328 Participants • Data was missing for one subject in the Retraining group and 3 subjects in the Control group.	34 g/L STANDARD_DEVIATION 6 • n=667 Participants • Data was missing for one subject in the Retraining group and 3 subjects in the Control group.
Serum albumin < 35 g/L (at PD start)	169 Participants n=339 Participants • Data was missing for one individual in the Retraining group and 3 individuals in the Control group.	169 Participants n=328 Participants • Data was missing for one individual in the Retraining group and 3 individuals in the Control group.	338 Participants n=667 Participants • Data was missing for one individual in the Retraining group and 3 individuals in the Control group.
Hemoglobin (at PD start)	110 mmol/L STANDARD_DEVIATION 14 • n=339 Participants • Data was missing for one subject in the Retraining group.	111 mmol/L STANDARD_DEVIATION 12 • n=331 Participants • Data was missing for one subject in the Retraining group.	111 mmol/L STANDARD_DEVIATION 13 • n=670 Participants • Data was missing for one subject in the Retraining group.
C-reactive protein	3.0 g/L n=338 Participants • Data was missing for 2 subjects in the Retraining group and 6 subjects in the Control group.	3.0 g/L n=325 Participants • Data was missing for 2 subjects in the Retraining group and 6 subjects in the Control group.	3.0 g/L n=663 Participants • Data was missing for 2 subjects in the Retraining group and 6 subjects in the Control group.
Medication Corticosteroid drug	44 Participants n=340 Participants	43 Participants n=331 Participants	87 Participants n=671 Participants
Medication Other cytotoxic drug	27 Participants n=340 Participants	25 Participants n=331 Participants	52 Participants n=671 Participants
Medication No steroid or other cytotoxic drug medication	269 Participants n=340 Participants	263 Participants n=331 Participants	532 Participants n=671 Participants
Participants from centers treating nasal carriers of S. aureus with nasal antibiotics	73 Participants n=340 Participants	68 Participants n=331 Participants	141 Participants n=671 Participants
Participants from centers routinely using topical antibiotic cream on catheter exit site	38 Participants n=340 Participants	34 Participants n=331 Participants	72 Participants n=671 Participants
Antibiotic prophylaxis before PD catheter insertion	305 Participants n=340 Participants	305 Participants n=331 Participants	610 Participants n=671 Participants
Type of PD start Planned	300 Participants n=340 Participants	278 Participants n=331 Participants	578 Participants n=671 Participants
Type of PD start Acute	40 Participants n=340 Participants	53 Participants n=331 Participants	93 Participants n=671 Participants
PD catheter characteristics Straight	78 Participants n=340 Participants	76 Participants n=331 Participants	154 Participants n=671 Participants
PD catheter characteristics Coiled	262 Participants n=340 Participants	255 Participants n=331 Participants	517 Participants n=671 Participants
PD modality at PD start CAPD	278 Participants n=340 Participants	262 Participants n=331 Participants	540 Participants n=671 Participants
PD modality at PD start APD	62 Participants n=340 Participants	69 Participants n=331 Participants	131 Participants n=671 Participants
Help needed with exit-site care	79 Participants n=340 Participants	84 Participants n=331 Participants	163 Participants n=671 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Participants were followed from 1 month after PD start (time of randomization) up to a maximum of 36 months after start of peritoneal dialysis, i.e. to maximally 35 months after randomization. Time to first peritonitis was calculated for each participant.

Population: A number of 671 new patients with peritoneal dialysis (PD), peritonitis-free, aged 18 years or more, and able to perform PD without assistance were randomized to a control group and a retraining group. Participant who stopped PD treatment due to causes other than peritonitis were managed according to the intention-to-treat principle.

Time (days) after the date of randomization to the date of the first peritonitis episode was calculated for each participant. The cumulative time without peritonitis using the Cox regression model from which unadjusted hazard ratios were calculated. Actuarial survival curves showing proportions of peritonitis-free participants over time in the two groups were estimated by means of the Kaplan-Meier method. Log rank follow-up was used to compare the survival curves. Patients who stopped PD treatment due to causes other than peritonitis were managed according to the intention-to-treat principle.

Outcome measures

Measure	The Retraining Group n=340 Participants The intervention in the retraining group consists of regular tests of the patients´ theoretical and practical skills regarding peritoneal dialysis. The test goals should be passed. If not, retraining will be given if needed til the goals are reached. The peritonitis rate in this group will be compared with that of the control group.	The Control Group n=331 Participants Patients randomised to the control group will be treated according to the routines of the clinic.	The Whole Study Group The Retraining Group and The Control Group together.
Time to the First Dialysis-associated Peritonitis Episode in the Retraining Group and the Control Group	381 Days to first peritonitis episode Interval 154.0 to 555.0	368 Days to first peritonitis episode Interval 161.0 to 617.0	—

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: The participants were followed from 1 month after PD start (time of randomization) up to a maximum of 36 months after start of peritoneal dialysis, i.e. to maximally 35 months after randomization. The time in study was calculated for each participant

Population: 671 new patients with peritoneal dialysis, peritonitis-free, aged 18 year or more, and able to perform peritoneal dialysis without assistance were randomized to a control group or a follow-up group and followed up to 36 months after start of peritoneal dialysis. The time (patient-years) in the study to the first peritonitis episode was calculated for for each participant.

The incidence of a first peritonitis episode is expressed as the mean rate of a first peritonitis per patient year (event rate) with 95% confidence interval.

Outcome measures

Measure	The Retraining Group n=340 Participants The intervention in the retraining group consists of regular tests of the patients´ theoretical and practical skills regarding peritoneal dialysis. The test goals should be passed. If not, retraining will be given if needed til the goals are reached. The peritonitis rate in this group will be compared with that of the control group.	The Control Group n=331 Participants Patients randomised to the control group will be treated according to the routines of the clinic.	The Whole Study Group The Retraining Group and The Control Group together.
Incidence of a First Dialysis-associated Peritonitis Episode in the Control and the Retraining Group	0.29 Peritonitis events per patient-year Interval 0.23 to 0.35	0.31 Peritonitis events per patient-year Interval 0.26 to 0.37	—

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: The participants were followed from 1 month after PD start (time of randomization) up to 36 months after start of peritoneal dialysis, The time (days) of participation in the study was calculated for each participant.

Population: 671 new patients with peritoneal dialysis, peritonitis-free, aged 18 year or more, and able to perform peritoneal dialysis without assistance were randomized to a control group or a follow-up group and followed up to 36 months after start of peritoneal dialysis.

The incidence of peritonitis episodes is expressed as the mean rate of peritonitis per patient year (event rate) with 95% confidence interval.

Outcome measures

Measure	The Retraining Group n=331 Participants The intervention in the retraining group consists of regular tests of the patients´ theoretical and practical skills regarding peritoneal dialysis. The test goals should be passed. If not, retraining will be given if needed til the goals are reached. The peritonitis rate in this group will be compared with that of the control group.	The Control Group n=340 Participants Patients randomised to the control group will be treated according to the routines of the clinic.	The Whole Study Group The Retraining Group and The Control Group together.
Incidence of All Peritonitis Episodes in the Control Group and the Retraining Group	0.36 Peritonitis event rate per patient year Interval 0.31 to 0.41	0.33 Peritonitis event rate per patient year Interval 0.28 to 0.39	—

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: Participants were followed from 1 month after PD start (time of randomization) up to a maximum of 36 months after start of peritoneal dialysis. The time (days) to the first peritonitis episode was calculated for each participant.

Population: 671 new patients with peritoneal dialysis (PD), peritonitis-free, aged 18 years or more, and able to perform PD without assistance were randomized to a control group and a retraining group. We decided to perform the analysis of factors associated with time to first peritonitis in the two groups together, since the possibility to find such associations is likely to be greater in a larger than in a smaller group.

The association of baseline variables (at PD start) was studied in the whole study group. Age was recorded at baseline. Data were collected at baseline except for medication, PD modality (CAPD/APD, continuous ambulatory PD/automatic PD), number of PD bags and volume of dialysis fluid used per day, and if help with exit-site care was needed. Univariable Cox regression was used to identify variables significantly associated with time to first peritonitis episode. Multivariable Cox regression was performed using a backward elimination procedure stopping when all remaining factors were significant at p < 0.05. No collinearity among the factors affecting the backward elimination procedure was found. The risk (hazard ratio) associated with each studied variable is reported.

Outcome measures

Measure	The Retraining Group n=340 Participants The intervention in the retraining group consists of regular tests of the patients´ theoretical and practical skills regarding peritoneal dialysis. The test goals should be passed. If not, retraining will be given if needed til the goals are reached. The peritonitis rate in this group will be compared with that of the control group.	The Control Group n=331 Participants Patients randomised to the control group will be treated according to the routines of the clinic.	The Whole Study Group n=671 Participants The Retraining Group and The Control Group together.
Analysis of Age in Association With Time to First Peritonitis Episode in the Whole Study Group	64 Age, years (See statistical analysis 1) Interval 19.0 to 87.0	62 Age, years (See statistical analysis 1) Interval 19.0 to 88.0	62 Age, years (See statistical analysis 1) Interval 19.0 to 88.0

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: Participants were followed from 1 month after PD start (time of randomization) up to a maximum of 36 months after start of peritoneal dialysis. The time (days) to the first peritonitis episode was calculated for each participant.

Population: 671 new patients with peritoneal dialysis (PD), peritonitis-free, aged 18 years or more, and able to perform PD without assistance were randomized to a control group and a retraining group. We decided to perform the analysis of factors associated with time to first peritonitis in the two groups together, since the possibility to find such associations is likely to be greater in a larger than in a smaller group.

Outcome data for the baseline variable "Gender" is presented. The association of baseline variables (at PD start) or time-updated variables with time to first peritonitis was studied in the whole study group. Univariable Cox regression was used to identify variables significantly associated with time to first peritonitis episode. Multivariable Cox regression was performed using a backward elimination procedure stopping when all remaining factors were significant at p < 0.05. No collinearity among the factors affecting the backward elimination procedure was found. The risk (hazard ratio) associated with each studied variable is reported.

Outcome measures

Measure	The Retraining Group n=340 Participants The intervention in the retraining group consists of regular tests of the patients´ theoretical and practical skills regarding peritoneal dialysis. The test goals should be passed. If not, retraining will be given if needed til the goals are reached. The peritonitis rate in this group will be compared with that of the control group.	The Control Group n=331 Participants Patients randomised to the control group will be treated according to the routines of the clinic.	The Whole Study Group n=671 Participants The Retraining Group and The Control Group together.
Analysis of "Gender" in Association With Time to First Peritonitis Episode in the Whole Study Group Male participants	229 Participants	217 Participants	446 Participants
Analysis of "Gender" in Association With Time to First Peritonitis Episode in the Whole Study Group Female participants	111 Participants	114 Participants	225 Participants

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: Participants were followed from 1 month after PD start (time of randomization) up to a maximum of 36 months after start of peritoneal dialysis. The time (days) to the first peritonitis episode was calculated for each participant.

Population: 671 new patients with peritoneal dialysis (PD), peritonitis-free, aged 18 years or more, and able to perform PD without assistance were randomized to a control group and a retraining group. We decided to perform the analysis of factors associated with time to first peritonitis in the two groups together, since the possibility to find such associations is likely to be greater in a larger than in a smaller group.

Outcome data for body weight at PD start is presented. The association of baseline variables (at PD start) or time-updated variables with time to first peritonitis was studied in the whole study group. Univariable Cox regression was used to identify variables significantly associated with time to first peritonitis episode. Multivariable Cox regression was performed using a backward elimination procedure stopping when all remaining factors were significant at p < 0.05. No collinearity among the factors affecting the backward elimination procedure was found. The risk (hazard ratio) associated with each studied variable is reported.

Outcome measures

Measure	The Retraining Group n=340 Participants The intervention in the retraining group consists of regular tests of the patients´ theoretical and practical skills regarding peritoneal dialysis. The test goals should be passed. If not, retraining will be given if needed til the goals are reached. The peritonitis rate in this group will be compared with that of the control group.	The Control Group n=331 Participants Patients randomised to the control group will be treated according to the routines of the clinic.	The Whole Study Group n=671 Participants The Retraining Group and The Control Group together.
Analysis of "Body Weight" in Association With Time to First Peritonitis Episode in the Whole Study Group.	77 Kg Standard Deviation 15	79 Kg Standard Deviation 16	78 Kg Standard Deviation 15

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: Participants were followed from 1 month after PD start (time of randomization) up to a maximum of 36 months after start of peritoneal dialysis. The time (days) to the first peritonitis episode was calculated for each participant.

Population: 671 new patients with peritoneal dialysis (PD), peritonitis-free, aged 18 years or more, and able to perform PD without assistance were randomized to a control group and a retraining group. We decided to perform the analysis of factors associated with time to first peritonitis episode in the two groups together, since the possibility to find such associations is likely to be greater in a larger than in a smaller group.

Outcome data for body mass index at PD start is presented. The association of baseline variables (at PD start) or time-updated variables with time to first peritonitis was studied in the whole study group. Univariable Cox regression was used to identify variables significantly associated with time to first peritonitis episode. Multivariable Cox regression was performed using a backward elimination procedure stopping when all remaining factors were significant at p < 0.05. No collinearity among the factors affecting the backward elimination procedure was found. The risk (hazard ratio) associated with each studied variable is reported.

Outcome measures

Measure	The Retraining Group n=340 Participants The intervention in the retraining group consists of regular tests of the patients´ theoretical and practical skills regarding peritoneal dialysis. The test goals should be passed. If not, retraining will be given if needed til the goals are reached. The peritonitis rate in this group will be compared with that of the control group.	The Control Group n=331 Participants Patients randomised to the control group will be treated according to the routines of the clinic.	The Whole Study Group n=671 Participants The Retraining Group and The Control Group together.
Analysis of "Body Mass Index" in Association With Time to First Peritonitis Episode in the Whole Study Group.	26 Kg/m2 Standard Deviation 4	26 Kg/m2 Standard Deviation 4	26 Kg/m2 Standard Deviation 4

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: Participants were followed from 1 month after PD start (time of randomization) up to a maximum of 36 months after start of peritoneal dialysis. The time (days) to the first peritonitis episode was calculated for each participant.

Population: 671 new patients with peritoneal dialysis (PD), peritonitis-free, aged 18 years or more, and able to perform PD without assistance were randomized to a control group and a retraining group. We decided to perform the analysis of factors associated with time to first peritonitis in the two groups together, since the possibility to find such associations is likely to be greater in a larger than in a smaller group.

Outcome data for the baseline variable "Diabetic nephropathy" as primary cause of kidney failure are presented. The association of baseline variables (at PD start) with time to first peritonitis was studied in the whole study group. Univariable Cox regression was used to identify variables significantly associated with time to first peritonitis episode. Multivariable Cox regression was performed using a backward elimination procedure stopping when all remaining factors were significant at p < 0.05. No collinearity among the factors affecting the backward elimination procedure was found. The risk (hazard ratio) associated with each studied variable is reported.

Outcome measures

Measure	The Retraining Group n=340 Participants The intervention in the retraining group consists of regular tests of the patients´ theoretical and practical skills regarding peritoneal dialysis. The test goals should be passed. If not, retraining will be given if needed til the goals are reached. The peritonitis rate in this group will be compared with that of the control group.	The Control Group n=331 Participants Patients randomised to the control group will be treated according to the routines of the clinic.	The Whole Study Group n=671 Participants The Retraining Group and The Control Group together.
Analysis of "Diabetic Nephropathy" as Primary Cause of Kidney Failure in Association With Time to First Peritonitis Episode in the Whole Study Group.	63 Participants	87 Participants	150 Participants

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: Participants were followed from 1 month after PD start (time of randomization) up to a maximum of 36 months after start of peritoneal dialysis. The time (days) to the first peritonitis episode was calculated for each participant.

Population: 671 new patients with peritoneal dialysis (PD), peritonitis-free, aged 18 years or more, and able to perform PD without assistance were randomized to a control group and a retraining group. We decided to perform the analysis of factors associated with time to first peritonitis in the two groups together, since the possibility to find such associations is likely to be greater in a larger than in a smaller group.

Outcome data for the baseline variable "Glomerulonephritis" as primary cause of kidney failure is presented. The association of baseline variables (at PD start) with time to first peritonitis was studied in the whole study group. Univariable Cox regression was used to identify variables significantly associated with time to first peritonitis episode. Multivariable Cox regression was performed using a backward elimination procedure stopping when all remaining factors were significant at p < 0.05. No collinearity among the factors affecting the backward elimination procedure was found. The risk (hazard ratio) associated with each studied variable is reported.

Outcome measures

Measure	The Retraining Group n=340 Participants The intervention in the retraining group consists of regular tests of the patients´ theoretical and practical skills regarding peritoneal dialysis. The test goals should be passed. If not, retraining will be given if needed til the goals are reached. The peritonitis rate in this group will be compared with that of the control group.	The Control Group n=331 Participants Patients randomised to the control group will be treated according to the routines of the clinic.	The Whole Study Group n=671 Participants The Retraining Group and The Control Group together.
Analysis of "Glomerulonephritis" as Primary Cause of Kidney Failure in Association With Time to First Peritonitis Episode in the Whole Study Group.	87 Participants	87 Participants	174 Participants

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: Participants were followed from 1 month after PD start (time of randomization) up to a maximum of 36 months after start of peritoneal dialysis. The time (days) to the first peritonitis episode was calculated for each participant.

Population: 671 new patients with peritoneal dialysis (PD), peritonitis-free, aged 18 years or more, and able to perform PD without assistance were randomized to a control group and a retraining group. We decided to perform the analysis of factors associated with time to first peritonitis episode in the two groups together, since the possibility to find such associations is likely to be greater in a larger than in a smaller group.

Outcome data for the baseline variable "Tubulointerstitial nephritis" as primary cause of kidney failure is presented. The association of baseline variables (at PD start) with time to first peritonitis was studied in the whole study group. Univariable Cox regression was used to identify variables significantly associated with time to first peritonitis episode. Multivariable Cox regression was performed using a backward elimination procedure stopping when all remaining factors were significant at p < 0.05. No collinearity among the factors affecting the backward elimination procedure was found. The risk (hazard ratio) associated with each studied variable is reported.

Outcome measures

Measure	The Retraining Group n=340 Participants The intervention in the retraining group consists of regular tests of the patients´ theoretical and practical skills regarding peritoneal dialysis. The test goals should be passed. If not, retraining will be given if needed til the goals are reached. The peritonitis rate in this group will be compared with that of the control group.	The Control Group n=331 Participants Patients randomised to the control group will be treated according to the routines of the clinic.	The Whole Study Group n=671 Participants The Retraining Group and The Control Group together.
Analysis of "Tubulointerstitial Nephritis" as Primary Cause of Kidney Failure in Association With Time to First Peritonitis Episode in the Whole Study Group.	17 Participants	17 Participants	34 Participants

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: Participants were followed from 1 month after PD start (time of randomization) up to a maximum of 36 months after start of peritoneal dialysis. The time (days) to the first peritonitis episode was calculated for each participant.

Population: 671 new patients with peritoneal dialysis (PD), peritonitis-free, aged 18 years or more, and able to perform PD without assistance were randomized to a control group and a retraining group. We decided to perform the analysis of factors associated with time to first peritonitis in the two groups together, since the possibility to find such associations is likely to be greater in a larger than in a smaller group.

Outcome data for the baseline variable "Polycystic kidney disease" as primary cause of kidney failure is presented. The association of baseline variables (at PD start) with time to first peritonitis was studied in the whole study group. Univariable Cox regression was used to identify variables significantly associated with time to first peritonitis episode. Multivariable Cox regression was performed using a backward elimination procedure stopping when all remaining factors were significant at p < 0.05. No collinearity among the factors affecting the backward elimination procedure was found. The risk (hazard ratio) associated with each studied variable is reported.

Outcome measures

Measure	The Retraining Group n=340 Participants The intervention in the retraining group consists of regular tests of the patients´ theoretical and practical skills regarding peritoneal dialysis. The test goals should be passed. If not, retraining will be given if needed til the goals are reached. The peritonitis rate in this group will be compared with that of the control group.	The Control Group n=331 Participants Patients randomised to the control group will be treated according to the routines of the clinic.	The Whole Study Group n=671 Participants The Retraining Group and The Control Group together.
Analysis of "Polycystic Kidney Disease" as Primary Cause of Kidney Failure in Association With Time to First Peritonitis Episode in the Whole Study Group.	40 Participants	29 Participants	69 Participants

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: Participants were followed from 1 month after PD start (time of randomization) up to a maximum of 36 months after start of peritoneal dialysis. The time (days) to the first peritonitis episode was calculated for each participant.

Population: 671 new patients with peritoneal dialysis (PD), peritonitis-free, aged 18 years or more, and able to perform PD without assistance were randomized to a control group and a retraining group. We decided to perform the analysis of factors associated with time to first peritonitis episode in the two groups together, since the possibility to find such associations is likely to be greater in a larger than in a smaller group.

Outcome data for the baseline variable "Ischemic kidney disease" as primary cause of kidney failure is presented. The association of baseline variables (at PD start) with time to first peritonitis was studied in the whole study group. Univariable Cox regression was used to identify variables significantly associated with time to first peritonitis episode. Multivariable Cox regression was performed using a backward elimination procedure stopping when all remaining factors were significant at p < 0.05. No collinearity among the factors affecting the backward elimination procedure was found. The risk (hazard ratio) associated with each studied variable is reported.

Outcome measures

Measure	The Retraining Group n=340 Participants The intervention in the retraining group consists of regular tests of the patients´ theoretical and practical skills regarding peritoneal dialysis. The test goals should be passed. If not, retraining will be given if needed til the goals are reached. The peritonitis rate in this group will be compared with that of the control group.	The Control Group n=331 Participants Patients randomised to the control group will be treated according to the routines of the clinic.	The Whole Study Group n=671 Participants The Retraining Group and The Control Group together.
Analysis of "Ischemic Kidney Disease" as Primary Cause of Kidney Failure in Association With Time to First Peritonitis Episode in the Whole Study Group.	1 Participants	1 Participants	2 Participants

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: Participants were followed from 1 month after PD start (time of randomization) up to a maximum of 36 months after start of peritoneal dialysis. The time (days) to the first peritonitis episode was calculated for each participant.

Population: 671 new patients with peritoneal dialysis (PD), peritonitis-free, aged 18 years or more, and able to perform PD without assistance were randomized to a control group and a retraining group. We decided to perform the analysis of factors associated with time to first peritonitis in the two groups together, since the possibility to find such associations is likely to be greater in a larger than in a smaller group.

Outcome data for the baseline variable "Nephrosclerosis/hypertension" as primary cause of kidney failure is presented. The association of baseline variables (at PD start) with time to first peritonitis was studied in the whole study group. Univariable Cox regression was used to identify variables significantly associated with time to first peritonitis episode. Multivariable Cox regression was performed using a backward elimination procedure stopping when all remaining factors were significant at p < 0.05. No collinearity among the factors affecting the backward elimination procedure was found. The risk (hazard ratio) associated with each studied variable is reported.

Outcome measures

Measure	The Retraining Group n=340 Participants The intervention in the retraining group consists of regular tests of the patients´ theoretical and practical skills regarding peritoneal dialysis. The test goals should be passed. If not, retraining will be given if needed til the goals are reached. The peritonitis rate in this group will be compared with that of the control group.	The Control Group n=331 Participants Patients randomised to the control group will be treated according to the routines of the clinic.	The Whole Study Group n=671 Participants The Retraining Group and The Control Group together.
Analysis of "Nephrosclerosis/Hypertension" as Primary Cause of Kidney Failure in Association With Time to First Peritonitis Episode in the Whole Study Group.	78 Participants	66 Participants	144 Participants

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: Participants were followed from 1 month after PD start (time of randomization) up to a maximum of 36 months after start of peritoneal dialysis. The time (days) to the first peritonitis episode was calculated for each participant.

Population: 671 new patients with peritoneal dialysis (PD), peritonitis-free, aged 18 years or more, and able to perform PD without assistance were randomized to a control group and a retraining group. We decided to perform the analysis of factors associated with time to first peritonitis in the two groups together, since the possibility to find such associations is likely to be greater in a larger than in a smaller group.

Outcome data for the baseline variable "Other diagnosis" as primary cause of kidney failure is presented. The association of baseline variables (at PD start) with time to first peritonitis was studied in the whole study group. Univariable Cox regression was used to identify variables significantly associated with time to first peritonitis episode. Multivariable Cox regression was performed using a backward elimination procedure stopping when all remaining factors were significant at p < 0.05. No collinearity among the factors affecting the backward elimination procedure was found. The risk (hazard ratio) associated with each studied variable is reported.

Outcome measures

Measure	The Retraining Group n=340 Participants The intervention in the retraining group consists of regular tests of the patients´ theoretical and practical skills regarding peritoneal dialysis. The test goals should be passed. If not, retraining will be given if needed til the goals are reached. The peritonitis rate in this group will be compared with that of the control group.	The Control Group n=331 Participants Patients randomised to the control group will be treated according to the routines of the clinic.	The Whole Study Group n=671 Participants The Retraining Group and The Control Group together.
Analysis of "Other Diagnosis" as Primary Cause of Kidney Failure in Association With Time to First Peritonitis Episode in the Whole Study Group.	38 Participants	26 Participants	64 Participants

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: Participants were followed from 1 month after PD start (time of randomization) up to a maximum of 36 months after start of peritoneal dialysis. The time (days) to the first peritonitis episode was calculated for each participant.

Population: 671 new patients with peritoneal dialysis (PD), peritonitis-free, aged 18 years or more, and able to perform PD without assistance were randomized to a control group and a retraining group. We decided to perform the analysis of factors associated with time to first peritonitis in the two groups together, since the possibility to find such associations is likely to be greater in a larger than in a smaller group.

Outcome data for the baseline variable "Unknown primary cause of kidney failure" as primary cause of kidney failure are presented. The association of baseline variables (at PD start) with time to first peritonitis was studied in the whole study group. Univariable Cox regression was used to identify variables significantly associated with time to first peritonitis episode. Multivariable Cox regression was performed using a backward elimination procedure stopping when all remaining factors were significant at p < 0.05. No collinearity among the factors affecting the backward elimination procedure was found. The risk (hazard ratio) associated with each studied variable is reported.

Outcome measures

Measure	The Retraining Group n=340 Participants The intervention in the retraining group consists of regular tests of the patients´ theoretical and practical skills regarding peritoneal dialysis. The test goals should be passed. If not, retraining will be given if needed til the goals are reached. The peritonitis rate in this group will be compared with that of the control group.	The Control Group n=331 Participants Patients randomised to the control group will be treated according to the routines of the clinic.	The Whole Study Group n=671 Participants The Retraining Group and The Control Group together.
Analysis of "Unknown Primary Cause of Kidney Failure" in Association With Time to First Peritonitis Episode in the Whole Study Group.	16 Participants	18 Participants	34 Participants

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: Participants were followed from 1 month after PD start (time of randomization) up to a maximum of 36 months after start of peritoneal dialysis. The time (days) to the first peritonitis episode was calculated for each participant.

Population: 671 new patients with peritoneal dialysis (PD), peritonitis-free, aged 18 years or more, and able to perform PD without assistance were randomized to a control group and a retraining group. We decided to perform the analysis of factors associated with time to first peritonitis in the two groups together, since the possibility to find such associations is likely to be greater in a larger than in a smaller group.

The statistical analysis of the baseline variable "Comorbidity" in association with time to first peritonitis episode is presented. The Stoke grading system of cardiovascular comorbidity was used to reflect the comorbid burden. Comorbidity was graded "0" when absent, "1" when 1 or 2, and "2" when 3 or more conditions were present.

The association of baseline variables (at PD start) or time-updated variables with time to first was studied in the whole study group. Univariable Cox regression was used to identify variables significantly associated with time to first peritonitis episode. Multivariable Cox regression was performed using a backward elimination procedure stopping when all remaining factors were significant at p < 0.05. No collinearity among the factors affecting the backward elimination procedure was found. The risk (hazard ratio) associated with each studied variable is reported.

Outcome measures

Measure	The Retraining Group n=340 Participants The intervention in the retraining group consists of regular tests of the patients´ theoretical and practical skills regarding peritoneal dialysis. The test goals should be passed. If not, retraining will be given if needed til the goals are reached. The peritonitis rate in this group will be compared with that of the control group.	The Control Group n=331 Participants Patients randomised to the control group will be treated according to the routines of the clinic.	The Whole Study Group n=671 Participants The Retraining Group and The Control Group together.
Analysis of "Comorbidity" (According to Stoke Comorbidity Score) in Association With Time to First Peritonitis Episode in the Whole Study Group. Stoke score 0 (No comorbidity)	193 Participants	202 Participants	395 Participants
Analysis of "Comorbidity" (According to Stoke Comorbidity Score) in Association With Time to First Peritonitis Episode in the Whole Study Group. Stoke score 1-2 (1-2 comorbidities)	128 Participants	117 Participants	245 Participants
Analysis of "Comorbidity" (According to Stoke Comorbidity Score) in Association With Time to First Peritonitis Episode in the Whole Study Group. Stoke Score > 2 (More than 2 comorbidities)	19 Participants	12 Participants	31 Participants

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: Participants were followed from 1 month after PD start (time of randomization) up to a maximum of 36 months after start of peritoneal dialysis. The time (days) to the first peritonitis episode was calculated for each participant.

Population: 671 new patients with peritoneal dialysis (PD), peritonitis-free, aged 18 years or more, and able to perform PD without assistance were randomized to a control group and a retraining group. We decided to perform the analysis of factors associated with time to first peritonitis in the two groups together, since the possibility to find such associations is likely to be greater in a larger than in a smaller group.

The statistical analysis of the baseline variable "Ischemic heart disease" (yes vs. no) in association with time to first peritonitis episode is presented. The association of baseline variables (at PD start) with time to first peritonitis was studied in the whole study group. Univariable Cox regression was used to identify variables significantly associated with time to first peritonitis episode. Multivariable Cox regression was performed using a backward elimination procedure stopping when all remaining factors were significant at p < 0.05. No collinearity among the factors affecting the backward elimination procedure was found. The risk (hazard ratio) associated with each studied variable is reported.

Outcome measures

Measure	The Retraining Group n=340 Participants The intervention in the retraining group consists of regular tests of the patients´ theoretical and practical skills regarding peritoneal dialysis. The test goals should be passed. If not, retraining will be given if needed til the goals are reached. The peritonitis rate in this group will be compared with that of the control group.	The Control Group n=331 Participants Patients randomised to the control group will be treated according to the routines of the clinic.	The Whole Study Group n=671 Participants The Retraining Group and The Control Group together.
Analysis of "Ischemic Heart Disease" as Comorbidity in Association With Time to First Peritonitis Episode in the Whole Study Group.	60 Participants	62 Participants	122 Participants

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: Participants were followed from 1 month after PD start (time of randomization) up to a maximum of 36 months after start of peritoneal dialysis. The time (days) to the first peritonitis episode was calculated for each participant.

Population: 671 new patients with peritoneal dialysis (PD), peritonitis-free, aged 18 years or more, and able to perform PD without assistance were randomized to a control group and a retraining group. We decided to perform the analysis of factors associated with time to first peritonitis in the two groups together, since the possibility to find such associations is likely to be greater in a larger than in a smaller group.

The statistical analysis of the baseline variable "Peripheral vascular disease or stroke" (yes vs. no) in association with time to first peritonitis episode is presented. Peripheral vascular disease or stroke"" includes distal aortic, renovascular, and cerebrovascular disease as well as symptomatic disease in these vascular territories e.g. cerebrovascular accident, claudication, amputation or significant stenosis >50% on vascular imaging or Doppler ultrasound. The association of baseline variables with time to first peritonitis was studied in the whole study group. Univariable Cox regression was used to identify variables significantly associated with time to first peritonitis episode. Multivariable Cox regression was performed using a backward elimination procedure stopping when all remaining factors were significant at p < 0.05. The risk (hazard ratio) associated with each studied variable is reported.

Outcome measures

Measure	The Retraining Group n=340 Participants The intervention in the retraining group consists of regular tests of the patients´ theoretical and practical skills regarding peritoneal dialysis. The test goals should be passed. If not, retraining will be given if needed til the goals are reached. The peritonitis rate in this group will be compared with that of the control group.	The Control Group n=331 Participants Patients randomised to the control group will be treated according to the routines of the clinic.	The Whole Study Group n=671 Participants The Retraining Group and The Control Group together.
Analysis of "Peripheral Vascular Disease or Stroke" as Comorbidity in Association With Time to First Peritonitis Episode in the Whole Study Group.	39 Participants	27 Participants	66 Participants

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: Participants were followed from 1 month after PD start (time of randomization) up to a maximum of 36 months after start of peritoneal dialysis. The time (days) to the first peritonitis episode was calculated for each participant.

Population: 671 new patients with peritoneal dialysis (PD), peritonitis-free, aged 18 years or more, and able to perform PD without assistance were randomized to a control group and a retraining group. We decided to perform the analysis of factors associated with time to first peritonitis in the two groups together, since the possibility to find such associations is likely to be greater in a larger than in a smaller group.

The statistical analysis of the baseline variable "Left ventricular dysfunction" (yes vs. no) in association with time to first peritonitis episode is presented. Left ventricular dysfunction includes clinical evidence of pulmonary oedema not attributable to errors in fluid balance or moderate to severe left ventricular dysfunction on echocardiography, or clinical signs of symptomatic moderate to severe heart failure. The association of baseline variables (at PD start) with time to first peritonitis was studied in the whole study group. Univariable Cox regression was used to identify variables significantly associated with time to first peritonitis episode. Multivariable Cox regression was performed using a backward elimination procedure stopping when all remaining factors were significant at p < 0.05. No collinearity among the factors affecting the backward elimination procedure was found. The risk (hazard ratio) associated with each studied variable is reported.

Outcome measures

Measure	The Retraining Group n=340 Participants The intervention in the retraining group consists of regular tests of the patients´ theoretical and practical skills regarding peritoneal dialysis. The test goals should be passed. If not, retraining will be given if needed til the goals are reached. The peritonitis rate in this group will be compared with that of the control group.	The Control Group n=331 Participants Patients randomised to the control group will be treated according to the routines of the clinic.	The Whole Study Group n=671 Participants The Retraining Group and The Control Group together.
Analysis of "Left Ventricular Dysfunction" as Comorbidity in Association With Time to First Peritonitis Episode in the Whole Study Group.	37 Participants	34 Participants	71 Participants

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: Participants were followed from 1 month after PD start (time of randomization) up to a maximum of 36 months after start of peritoneal dialysis. The time (days) to the first peritonitis episode was calculated for each participant.

Population: 671 new patients with peritoneal dialysis (PD), peritonitis-free, aged 18 years or more, and able to perform PD without assistance were randomized to a control group and a retraining group. We decided to perform the analysis of factors associated with time to first peritonitis in the two groups together, since the possibility to find such associations is likely to be greater in a larger than in a smaller group.

The statistical analysis of the baseline variable "Diabetes mellitus as comorbidity" (yes vs. no) in association with time to first peritonitis episode is presented. The association of baseline variables (at PD start) with time to first peritonitis was studied in the whole study group. Univariable Cox regression was used to identify variables significantly associated with time to first peritonitis episode. Multivariable Cox regression was performed using a backward elimination procedure stopping when all remaining factors were significant at p < 0.05. No collinearity among the factors affecting the backward elimination procedure was found. The risk (hazard ratio) associated with each studied variable is reported.

Outcome measures

Measure	The Retraining Group n=340 Participants The intervention in the retraining group consists of regular tests of the patients´ theoretical and practical skills regarding peritoneal dialysis. The test goals should be passed. If not, retraining will be given if needed til the goals are reached. The peritonitis rate in this group will be compared with that of the control group.	The Control Group n=331 Participants Patients randomised to the control group will be treated according to the routines of the clinic.	The Whole Study Group n=671 Participants The Retraining Group and The Control Group together.
Analysis of "Diabetes Mellitus as Comorbidity" in Association With Time to First Peritonitis Episode in the Whole Study Group.	25 Participants	24 Participants	49 Participants

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: Participants were followed from 1 month after PD start (time of randomization) up to a maximum of 36 months after start of peritoneal dialysis. The time (days) to the first peritonitis episode was calculated for each participant.

Population: 671 new patients with peritoneal dialysis (PD), peritonitis-free, aged 18 years or more, and able to perform PD without assistance were randomized to a control group and a retraining group. We decided to perform the analysis of factors associated with time to first peritonitis in the two groups together, since the possibility to find such associations is likely to be greater in a larger than in a smaller group.

The statistical analysis of the baseline variable "System collagen vascular disease" (yes vs. no) in association with time to first peritonitis episode is presented. The association of baseline variables (at PD start) with time to first peritonitis was studied in the whole study group. Univariable Cox regression was used to identify variables significantly associated with time to first peritonitis episode. Multivariable Cox regression was performed using a backward elimination procedure stopping when all remaining factors were significant at p < 0.05. No collinearity among the factors affecting the backward elimination procedure was found. The risk (hazard ratio) associated with each studied variable is reported.

Outcome measures

Measure	The Retraining Group n=340 Participants The intervention in the retraining group consists of regular tests of the patients´ theoretical and practical skills regarding peritoneal dialysis. The test goals should be passed. If not, retraining will be given if needed til the goals are reached. The peritonitis rate in this group will be compared with that of the control group.	The Control Group n=331 Participants Patients randomised to the control group will be treated according to the routines of the clinic.	The Whole Study Group n=671 Participants The Retraining Group and The Control Group together.
Analysis of "System Collagen Vascular Disease" as Comorbidity in Association With Time to First Peritonitis Episode in the Whole Study Group.	20 Participants	10 Participants	30 Participants

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: Participants were followed from 1 month after PD start (time of randomization) up to a maximum of 36 months after start of peritoneal dialysis. The time (days) to the first peritonitis episode was calculated for each participant.

Population: 671 new patients with peritoneal dialysis (PD), peritonitis-free, aged 18 years or more, and able to perform PD without assistance were randomized to a control group and a retraining group. We decided to perform the analysis of factors associated with time to first peritonitis in the two groups together, since the possibility to find such associations is likely to be greater in a larger than in a smaller group.

The statistical analysis of the baseline variable "Other significant pathology" (yes vs. no) in association with time to first peritonitis episode is presented. Other significant pathology includes diseases like severe chronic obstructive airway disease, liver cirrhosis, psychotic illness, and severe osteoarthritis. The association of baseline variables (at PD start) with time to first peritonitis was studied in the whole study group. Univariable Cox regression was used to identify variables significantly associated with time to first peritonitis episode. Multivariable Cox regression was performed using a backward elimination procedure stopping when all remaining factors were significant at p < 0.05. No collinearity among the factors affecting the backward elimination procedure was found. The risk (hazard ratio) associated with each studied variable is reported.

Outcome measures

Measure	The Retraining Group n=340 Participants The intervention in the retraining group consists of regular tests of the patients´ theoretical and practical skills regarding peritoneal dialysis. The test goals should be passed. If not, retraining will be given if needed til the goals are reached. The peritonitis rate in this group will be compared with that of the control group.	The Control Group n=331 Participants Patients randomised to the control group will be treated according to the routines of the clinic.	The Whole Study Group n=671 Participants The Retraining Group and The Control Group together.
Analysis of "Other Significant Pathology" as Comorbidity in Association With Time to First Peritonitis Episode in the Whole Study Group.	42 Participants	30 Participants	72 Participants

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: Participants were followed from 1 month after PD start (time of randomization) up to a maximum of 36 months after start of peritoneal dialysis. The time (days) to the first peritonitis episode was calculated for each participant.

Population: 671 new patients with peritoneal dialysis (PD), peritonitis-free, aged 18 years or more, and able to perform PD without assistance were randomized to a control group and a retraining group. We decided to perform the analysis of factors associated with time to first peritonitis in the two groups together, since the possibility to find such associations is likely to be greater in a larger than in a smaller group.

The statistical analysis of the baseline variable "Diabetes mellitus as comorbidity or main cause of kidney failure" (yes vs. no) in association with time to first peritonitis episode is presented. The association of baseline variables (at PD start) with time to first peritonitis was studied in the whole study group. Univariable Cox regression was used to identify variables significantly associated with time to first peritonitis episode. Multivariable Cox regression was performed using a backward elimination procedure stopping when all remaining factors were significant at p < 0.05. No collinearity among the factors affecting the backward elimination procedure was found. The risk (hazard ratio) associated with each studied variable is reported.

Outcome measures

Measure	The Retraining Group n=340 Participants The intervention in the retraining group consists of regular tests of the patients´ theoretical and practical skills regarding peritoneal dialysis. The test goals should be passed. If not, retraining will be given if needed til the goals are reached. The peritonitis rate in this group will be compared with that of the control group.	The Control Group n=331 Participants Patients randomised to the control group will be treated according to the routines of the clinic.	The Whole Study Group n=671 Participants The Retraining Group and The Control Group together.
Analysis of "Diabetes Mellitus as Comorbidity or Main Cause of Kidney Failure" in Association With Time to First Peritonitis Episode in the Whole Study Group.	88 Participants	111 Participants	199 Participants

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: Participants were followed from 1 month after PD start (time of randomization) up to a maximum of 36 months after start of peritoneal dialysis. The time (days) to the first peritonitis episode was calculated for each participant.

Population: 671 new patients with peritoneal dialysis (PD), peritonitis-free, aged 18 years or more, and able to perform PD without assistance were randomized to a control group and a retraining group. We decided to perform the analysis of factors associated with time to first peritonitis in the two groups together, since the possibility to find such associations is likely to be greater in a larger than in a smaller group.

The statistical analysis of the baseline variable "Previous kidney replacement therapy" (yes vs. no) in association with time to first peritonitis episode is presented. The association of baseline variables (at PD start) with time to first peritonitis was studied in the whole study group. Univariable Cox regression was used to identify variables significantly associated with time to first peritonitis episode. Multivariable Cox regression was performed using a backward elimination procedure stopping when all remaining factors were significant at p < 0.05. No collinearity among the factors affecting the backward elimination procedure was found. The risk (hazard ratio) associated with each studied variable is reported.

Outcome measures

Measure	The Retraining Group n=340 Participants The intervention in the retraining group consists of regular tests of the patients´ theoretical and practical skills regarding peritoneal dialysis. The test goals should be passed. If not, retraining will be given if needed til the goals are reached. The peritonitis rate in this group will be compared with that of the control group.	The Control Group n=331 Participants Patients randomised to the control group will be treated according to the routines of the clinic.	The Whole Study Group n=671 Participants The Retraining Group and The Control Group together.
Analysis of "Previous Kidney Replacement Therapy" in Association With Time to First Peritonitis Episode in the Whole Study Group.	68 Participants	61 Participants	129 Participants

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: Participants were followed from 1 month after PD start (time of randomization) up to a maximum of 36 months after start of peritoneal dialysis. The time (days) to the first peritonitis episode was calculated for each participant.

Population: 671 new patients with peritoneal dialysis (PD), peritonitis-free, aged 18 years or more, and able to perform PD without assistance were randomized to a control group and a retraining group. We decided to perform the analysis of factors associated with time to first peritonitis in the two groups together, since the possibility to find such associations is likely to be greater in a larger than in a smaller group.

The statistical analysis of the baseline variable "Functional status (Karnofsky score)" in association with time to first peritonitis episode in the whole study group is presented. Functional status was estimated using the Karnofsky Performance Scale with scores from 100 (Normal, no complains, no evidence of disease) to 0 (dead). 90 = Able to carry on normal activity, minor signs or symptoms of disease. 80 = Normal activity with effort, some signs or symptoms of disease. 70 = Cares for self, unable to carry on normal activity or do active work. 60 = Requires occasional assistance, but able to to care for most of her/his needs. Univariable Cox regression was used to identify variables significantly associated with time to first peritonitis episode. Multivariable Cox regression was performed using a backward elimination procedure stopping when all remaining factors were significant at p < 0.05. The risk (hazard ratio) associated with each studied variable is reported.

Outcome measures

Measure	The Retraining Group n=340 Participants The intervention in the retraining group consists of regular tests of the patients´ theoretical and practical skills regarding peritoneal dialysis. The test goals should be passed. If not, retraining will be given if needed til the goals are reached. The peritonitis rate in this group will be compared with that of the control group.	The Control Group n=331 Participants Patients randomised to the control group will be treated according to the routines of the clinic.	The Whole Study Group n=671 Participants The Retraining Group and The Control Group together.
Analysis of "Functional Status (Karnofsky Score)" in Association With Time to First Peritonitis Episode in the Whole Study Group.	90 Karnofsky score numbers Interval 80.0 to 95.0	90 Karnofsky score numbers Interval 80.0 to 90.0	90 Karnofsky score numbers Interval 80.0 to 90.0

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: Participants were followed from 1 month after PD start (time of randomization) up to a maximum of 36 months after start of peritoneal dialysis. The time (days) to the first peritonitis episode was calculated for each participant.

Population: 671 new patients with peritoneal dialysis (PD), peritonitis-free, aged 18 years or more, and able to perform PD without assistance were randomized to a control group and a retraining group. We decided to perform the analysis of factors associated with time to first peritonitis in the two groups together, since the possibility to find such associations is likely to be greater in a larger than in a smaller group.

The statistical analysis of the baseline variable "Visual impairment" (yes vs. no) in association with time to first peritonitis episode is presented. The association of baseline variables (at PD start) with time to first peritonitis was studied in the whole study group. Univariable Cox regression was used to identify variables significantly associated with time to first peritonitis episode. Multivariable Cox regression was performed using a backward elimination procedure stopping when all remaining factors were significant at p < 0.05. No collinearity among the factors affecting the backward elimination procedure was found. The risk (hazard ratio) associated with each studied variable is reported.

Outcome measures

Measure	The Retraining Group n=340 Participants The intervention in the retraining group consists of regular tests of the patients´ theoretical and practical skills regarding peritoneal dialysis. The test goals should be passed. If not, retraining will be given if needed til the goals are reached. The peritonitis rate in this group will be compared with that of the control group.	The Control Group n=331 Participants Patients randomised to the control group will be treated according to the routines of the clinic.	The Whole Study Group n=671 Participants The Retraining Group and The Control Group together.
Analysis of the Social Factor "Visual Impairment" in Association With Time to First Peritonitis Episode in the Whole Study Group.	17 Participants	28 Participants	45 Participants

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: Participants were followed from 1 month after PD start (time of randomization) up to a maximum of 36 months after start of peritoneal dialysis. The time (days) to the first peritonitis episode was calculated for each participant.

Population: 671 new patients with peritoneal dialysis (PD), peritonitis-free, aged 18 years or more, and able to perform PD without assistance were randomized to a control group and a retraining group. We decided to perform the analysis of factors associated with time to first peritonitis in the two groups together, since the possibility to find such associations is likely to be greater in a larger than in a smaller group.

The statistical analysis of the baseline social factor "Impaired hand function" (yes vs. no) in association with time to first peritonitis episode is presented. The impairment of hand function was unspecified. The association of baseline variables (at PD start) with time to first peritonitis was studied in the whole study group. Univariable Cox regression was used to identify variables significantly associated with time to first peritonitis episode. Multivariable Cox regression was performed using a backward elimination procedure stopping when all remaining factors were significant at p < 0.05. No collinearity among the factors affecting the backward elimination procedure was found. The risk (hazard ratio) associated with each studied variable is reported.

Outcome measures

Measure	The Retraining Group n=340 Participants The intervention in the retraining group consists of regular tests of the patients´ theoretical and practical skills regarding peritoneal dialysis. The test goals should be passed. If not, retraining will be given if needed til the goals are reached. The peritonitis rate in this group will be compared with that of the control group.	The Control Group n=331 Participants Patients randomised to the control group will be treated according to the routines of the clinic.	The Whole Study Group n=671 Participants The Retraining Group and The Control Group together.
Analysis of the Social Factor "Impaired Hand Function" in Association With Time to First Peritonitis Episode in the Whole Study Group.	23 Participants	21 Participants	44 Participants

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: Participants were followed from 1 month after PD start (time of randomization) up to a maximum of 36 months after start of peritoneal dialysis. The time (days) to the first peritonitis episode was calculated for each participant.

Population: 671 new patients with peritoneal dialysis (PD), peritonitis-free, aged 18 years or more, and able to perform PD without assistance were randomized to a control group and a retraining group. We decided to perform the analysis of factors associated with time to first peritonitis in the two groups together, since the possibility to find such associations is likely to be greater in a larger than in a smaller group.

The statistical analysis of the baseline social factor "Working full or part time" (yes vs. no) in association with time to first peritonitis episode is presented.

The association of baseline variables (at PD start) with time to first peritonitis was studied in the whole study group. Univariable Cox regression was used to identify variables significantly associated with time to first peritonitis episode. Multivariable Cox regression was performed using a backward elimination procedure stopping when all remaining factors were significant at p < 0.05. No collinearity among the factors affecting the backward elimination procedure was found. The risk (hazard ratio) associated with each studied variable is reported.

Outcome measures

Measure	The Retraining Group n=340 Participants The intervention in the retraining group consists of regular tests of the patients´ theoretical and practical skills regarding peritoneal dialysis. The test goals should be passed. If not, retraining will be given if needed til the goals are reached. The peritonitis rate in this group will be compared with that of the control group.	The Control Group n=331 Participants Patients randomised to the control group will be treated according to the routines of the clinic.	The Whole Study Group n=671 Participants The Retraining Group and The Control Group together.
Analysis of the Social Factor "Working Full or Part Time" in Association With Time to First Peritonitis Episode in the Whole Study Group.	103 Participants	102 Participants	205 Participants

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: Participants were followed from 1 month after PD start (time of randomization) up to a maximum of 36 months after start of peritoneal dialysis. The time (days) to the first peritonitis episode was calculated for each participant.

Population: 671 new patients with peritoneal dialysis (PD), peritonitis-free, aged 18 years or more, and able to perform PD without assistance were randomized to a control group and a retraining group. We decided to perform the analysis of factors associated with time to first peritonitis in the two groups together, since the possibility to find such associations is likely to be greater in a larger than in a smaller group.

The statistical analysis of the baseline social factor "Retired" (yes vs. no) in association with time to first peritonitis episode is presented. The association of baseline variables (at PD start) with time to first peritonitis was studied in the whole study group. Univariable Cox regression was used to identify variables significantly associated with time to first peritonitis episode. Multivariable Cox regression was performed using a backward elimination procedure stopping when all remaining factors were significant at p < 0.05. No collinearity among the factors affecting the backward elimination procedure was found. The risk (hazard ratio) associated with each studied variable is reported.

Outcome measures

Measure	The Retraining Group n=340 Participants The intervention in the retraining group consists of regular tests of the patients´ theoretical and practical skills regarding peritoneal dialysis. The test goals should be passed. If not, retraining will be given if needed til the goals are reached. The peritonitis rate in this group will be compared with that of the control group.	The Control Group n=331 Participants Patients randomised to the control group will be treated according to the routines of the clinic.	The Whole Study Group n=671 Participants The Retraining Group and The Control Group together.
Analysis of the Social Factor "Retired" in Association With Time to First Peritonitis Episode in the Whole Study Group.	184 Participants	169 Participants	353 Participants

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: Participants were followed from 1 month after PD start (time of randomization) up to a maximum of 36 months after start of peritoneal dialysis. The time (days) to the first peritonitis episode was calculated for each participant.

Population: 671 new patients with peritoneal dialysis (PD), peritonitis-free, aged 18 years or more, and able to perform PD without assistance were randomized to a control group and a retraining group. We decided to perform the analysis of factors associated with time to first peritonitis in the two groups together, since the possibility to find such associations is likely to be greater in a larger than in a smaller group.

The statistical analysis of the baseline social factor "Living alone" (yes vs. no) in association with time to first peritonitis episode is presented. The association of baseline variables (at PD start) with time to first peritonitis was studied in the whole study group. Univariable Cox regression was used to identify variables significantly associated with time to first peritonitis episode. Multivariable Cox regression was performed using a backward elimination procedure stopping when all remaining factors were significant at p < 0.05. No collinearity among the factors affecting the backward elimination procedure was found.

Outcome measures

Measure	The Retraining Group n=340 Participants The intervention in the retraining group consists of regular tests of the patients´ theoretical and practical skills regarding peritoneal dialysis. The test goals should be passed. If not, retraining will be given if needed til the goals are reached. The peritonitis rate in this group will be compared with that of the control group.	The Control Group n=331 Participants Patients randomised to the control group will be treated according to the routines of the clinic.	The Whole Study Group n=671 Participants The Retraining Group and The Control Group together.
Analysis of the Social Factor "Living Alone" in Association With Time to First Peritonitis Episode in the Whole Study Group.	91 Participants	77 Participants	168 Participants

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: Participants were followed from 1 month after PD start (time of randomization) up to a maximum of 36 months after start of peritoneal dialysis. The time (days) to the first peritonitis episode was calculated for each participant.

Population: 671 new patients with peritoneal dialysis (PD), peritonitis-free, aged 18 years or more, and able to perform PD without assistance were randomized to a control group and a retraining group. We decided to perform the analysis of factors associated with time to first peritonitis in the two groups together, since the possibility to find such associations is likely to be greater in a larger than in a smaller group.

The statistical analysis of the baseline social factor "Working full or part time" (yes vs. no) in association with time to first peritonitis episode is presented. The association of baseline variables (at PD start) with time to first peritonitis was studied in the whole study group. Univariable Cox regression was used to identify variables significantly associated with time to first peritonitis episode. Multivariable Cox regression was performed using a backward elimination procedure stopping when all remaining factors were significant at p < 0.05. No collinearity among the factors affecting the backward elimination procedure was found.

Outcome measures

Measure	The Retraining Group n=340 Participants The intervention in the retraining group consists of regular tests of the patients´ theoretical and practical skills regarding peritoneal dialysis. The test goals should be passed. If not, retraining will be given if needed til the goals are reached. The peritonitis rate in this group will be compared with that of the control group.	The Control Group n=331 Participants Patients randomised to the control group will be treated according to the routines of the clinic.	The Whole Study Group n=671 Participants The Retraining Group and The Control Group together.
Analysis of the Social Factor "Need for Translation/Interpreter" in Association With Time to First Peritonitis Episode in the Whole Study Group.	9 Participants	13 Participants	22 Participants

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: Participants were followed from 1 month after PD start (time of randomization) up to a maximum of 36 months after start of peritoneal dialysis. The time (days) to the first peritonitis episode was calculated for each participant.

Population: 671 new patients with peritoneal dialysis (PD), peritonitis-free, aged 18 years or more, and able to perform PD without assistance were randomized to a control group and a retraining group. We decided to perform the analysis of factors associated with time to first peritonitis in the two groups together, since the possibility to find such associations is likely to be greater in a larger than in a smaller group.

The statistical analysis of the baseline social factor "Current smoking" (yes vs. no) in association with time to first peritonitis episode is presented. The association of baseline variables (at PD start) with time to first peritonitis was studied in the whole study group. Univariable Cox regression was used to identify variables significantly associated with time to first peritonitis episode. Multivariable Cox regression was performed using a backward elimination procedure stopping when all remaining factors were significant at p < 0.05. No collinearity among the factors affecting the backward elimination procedure was found.

Outcome measures

Measure	The Retraining Group n=340 Participants The intervention in the retraining group consists of regular tests of the patients´ theoretical and practical skills regarding peritoneal dialysis. The test goals should be passed. If not, retraining will be given if needed til the goals are reached. The peritonitis rate in this group will be compared with that of the control group.	The Control Group n=331 Participants Patients randomised to the control group will be treated according to the routines of the clinic.	The Whole Study Group n=671 Participants The Retraining Group and The Control Group together.
Analysis of the Social Factor "Current Smoking" in Association With Time to First Peritonitis Episode in the Whole Study Group.	34 Participants	39 Participants	73 Participants

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: Participants were followed from 1 month after PD start (time of randomization) up to a maximum of 36 months after start of peritoneal dialysis. The time (days) to the first peritonitis episode was calculated for each participant.

Population: 671 new patients with peritoneal dialysis (PD), peritonitis-free, aged 18 years or more, and able to perform PD without assistance were randomized to a control group and a retraining group. We decided to perform the analysis of factors associated with time to first peritonitis in the two groups together, since the possibility to find such associations is likely to be greater in a larger than in a smaller group.

The statistical analysis of the baseline biological characteristic Serum creatinine (micromol/L) in association with time to first peritonitis episode is presented. Serum creatinine was measured just before the start of peritoneal dialysis. The association of baseline variables (at PD start) with time to first peritonitis was studied in the whole study group. Univariable Cox regression was used to identify variables significantly associated with time to first peritonitis episode. Multivariable Cox regression was performed using a backward elimination procedure stopping when all remaining factors were significant at p < 0.05. No collinearity among the factors affecting the backward elimination procedure was found.

Outcome measures

Measure	The Retraining Group n=340 Participants The intervention in the retraining group consists of regular tests of the patients´ theoretical and practical skills regarding peritoneal dialysis. The test goals should be passed. If not, retraining will be given if needed til the goals are reached. The peritonitis rate in this group will be compared with that of the control group.	The Control Group n=331 Participants Patients randomised to the control group will be treated according to the routines of the clinic.	The Whole Study Group n=671 Participants The Retraining Group and The Control Group together.
Analysis of the Biochemical Characteristic "Serum Creatinine" in Association With Time to First Peritonitis Episode in the Whole Study Group.	640 Micromol/L Standard Deviation 234	650 Micromol/L Standard Deviation 208	645 Micromol/L Standard Deviation 222

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: Participants were followed from 1 month after PD start (time of randomization) up to a maximum of 36 months after start of peritoneal dialysis. The time (days) to the first peritonitis episode was calculated for each participant.

Population: 671 new patients with peritoneal dialysis (PD), peritonitis-free, aged 18 years or more, and able to perform PD without assistance were randomized to a control group and a retraining group. We decided to perform the analysis of factors associated with time to first peritonitis in the two groups together, since the possibility to find such associations is likely to be greater in a larger than in a smaller group.

The statistical analysis of the baseline biological characteristic Serum urea (mmol/L) in association with time to first peritonitis episode is presented. Serum urea was measured just before the start of peritoneal dialysis. The association of baseline variables (at PD start) with time to first peritonitis episode was studied in the whole study group. Univariable Cox regression was used to identify variables significantly associated with time to first peritonitis episode. Multivariable Cox regression was performed using a backward elimination procedure stopping when all remaining factors were significant at p < 0.05. No collinearity among the factors affecting the backward elimination procedure was found.

Outcome measures

Measure	The Retraining Group n=340 Participants The intervention in the retraining group consists of regular tests of the patients´ theoretical and practical skills regarding peritoneal dialysis. The test goals should be passed. If not, retraining will be given if needed til the goals are reached. The peritonitis rate in this group will be compared with that of the control group.	The Control Group n=331 Participants Patients randomised to the control group will be treated according to the routines of the clinic.	The Whole Study Group n=671 Participants The Retraining Group and The Control Group together.
Analysis of the Biochemical Characteristic "Serum Urea" in Association With Time to First Peritonitis Episode in the Whole Study Group.	28 mmol/L Standard Deviation 9	28 mmol/L Standard Deviation 9	28 mmol/L Standard Deviation 9

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: Participants were followed from 1 month after PD start (time of randomization) up to a maximum of 36 months after start of peritoneal dialysis. The time (days) to the first peritonitis episode was calculated for each participant.

Population: 671 new patients with peritoneal dialysis (PD), peritonitis-free, aged 18 years or more, and able to perform PD without assistance were randomized to a control group and a retraining group. We decided to perform the analysis of factors associated with time to first peritonitis in the two groups together, since the possibility to find such associations is likely to be greater in a larger than in a smaller group.

The statistical analysis of the baseline biological characteristic" Serum albumin" (g/L) in association with time to first peritonitis episode is presented. Serum albumin was measured just before the start of peritoneal dialysis. The association of baseline variables (at PD start) with time to first peritonitis episode was studied in the whole study group. Univariable Cox regression was used to identify variables significantly associated with time to first peritonitis episode. Multivariable Cox regression was performed using a backward elimination procedure stopping when all remaining factors were significant at p < 0.05. No collinearity among the factors affecting the backward elimination procedure was found.

Outcome measures

Measure	The Retraining Group n=340 Participants The intervention in the retraining group consists of regular tests of the patients´ theoretical and practical skills regarding peritoneal dialysis. The test goals should be passed. If not, retraining will be given if needed til the goals are reached. The peritonitis rate in this group will be compared with that of the control group.	The Control Group n=331 Participants Patients randomised to the control group will be treated according to the routines of the clinic.	The Whole Study Group n=671 Participants The Retraining Group and The Control Group together.
Analysis of the Biochemical Characteristic "Serum Albumin" in Association With Time to First Peritonitis Episode in the Whole Study Group.	34 g/L Standard Deviation 6	34 g/L Standard Deviation 6	34 g/L Standard Deviation 6

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: Participants were followed from 1 month after PD start (time of randomization) up to a maximum of 36 months after start of peritoneal dialysis. The time (days) to the first peritonitis episode was calculated for each participant.

Population: 671 new patients with peritoneal dialysis (PD), peritonitis-free, aged 18 years or more, and able to perform PD without assistance were randomized to a control group and a retraining group. We decided to perform the analysis of factors associated with time to first peritonitis in the two groups together, since the possibility to find such associations is likely to be greater in a larger than in a smaller group.

The statistical analysis of the baseline biological characteristic "Serum albumin" (< 35 g/L vs. 35 g/L or more) in association with time to first peritonitis episode is presented. Serum albumin was measured just before the start of peritoneal dialysis. The association of baseline variables (at PD start) with time to first peritonitis was studied in the whole study group. Univariable Cox regression was used to identify variables significantly associated with time to first peritonitis episode. Multivariable Cox regression was performed using a backward elimination procedure stopping when all remaining factors were significant at p < 0.05. No collinearity among the factors affecting the backward elimination procedure was found.

Outcome measures

Measure	The Retraining Group n=340 Participants The intervention in the retraining group consists of regular tests of the patients´ theoretical and practical skills regarding peritoneal dialysis. The test goals should be passed. If not, retraining will be given if needed til the goals are reached. The peritonitis rate in this group will be compared with that of the control group.	The Control Group n=331 Participants Patients randomised to the control group will be treated according to the routines of the clinic.	The Whole Study Group n=671 Participants The Retraining Group and The Control Group together.
Analysis of the Biochemical Characteristic "Serum Albumin (< 35 g/L vs. 35 g/L or More)" in Association With Time to First Peritonitis Episode in the Whole Study Group. Serum albumin <35 g/L	169 Participants	169 Participants	338 Participants
Analysis of the Biochemical Characteristic "Serum Albumin (< 35 g/L vs. 35 g/L or More)" in Association With Time to First Peritonitis Episode in the Whole Study Group. Serum albumin 35 g/L or more	171 Participants	162 Participants	333 Participants

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: Participants were followed from 1 month after PD start (time of randomization) up to a maximum of 36 months after start of peritoneal dialysis. The time (days) to the first peritonitis episode was calculated for each participant.

Population: 671 new patients with peritoneal dialysis (PD), peritonitis-free, aged 18 years or more, and able to perform PD without assistance were randomized to a control group and a retraining group. We decided to perform the analysis of factors associated with time to first peritonitis in the two groups together, since the possibility to find such associations is likely to be greater in a larger than in a smaller group.

The statistical analysis of the baseline biological characteristic "Serum haemoglobin" (mmol/L) in association with time to first peritonitis episode is presented. Serum haemoglobin was measured just before the start of peritoneal dialysis. The association of baseline variables (at PD start) with time to first peritonitis was studied in the whole study group. Univariable Cox regression was used to identify variables significantly associated with time to first peritonitis episode. Multivariable Cox regression was performed using a backward elimination procedure stopping when all remaining factors were significant at p < 0.05. No collinearity among the factors affecting the backward elimination procedure was found.

Outcome measures

Measure	The Retraining Group n=340 Participants The intervention in the retraining group consists of regular tests of the patients´ theoretical and practical skills regarding peritoneal dialysis. The test goals should be passed. If not, retraining will be given if needed til the goals are reached. The peritonitis rate in this group will be compared with that of the control group.	The Control Group n=331 Participants Patients randomised to the control group will be treated according to the routines of the clinic.	The Whole Study Group n=671 Participants The Retraining Group and The Control Group together.
Analysis of the Biochemical Characteristic "Haemoglobin" in Association With Time to First Peritonitis Episode in the Whole Study Group.	110 mmol/L Standard Deviation 14	111 mmol/L Standard Deviation 12	111 mmol/L Standard Deviation 13

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: Participants were followed from 1 month after PD start (time of randomization) up to a maximum of 36 months after start of peritoneal dialysis. The time (days) to the first peritonitis episode was calculated for each participant.

Population: 671 new patients with peritoneal dialysis (PD), peritonitis-free, aged 18 years or more, and able to perform PD without assistance were randomized to a control group and a retraining group. We decided to perform the analysis of factors associated with time to first peritonitis in the two groups together, since the possibility to find such associations is likely to be greater in a larger than in a smaller group.

The analysis of the use of a "Corticosteroid drug" (yes vs.no) in association with time to first peritonitis episode is presented. This variable may vary with time and is thus time-dependent. The variable was recorded at all study visits. The value recorded at the study visit which was closest to and prior to the first peritonitis episode was used in the univariable and multivariable Cox regression analyses of the association of the variable with time to first peritonitis episode. Time-dependent univariable Cox regression was used to identify variables significantly associated with time to first peritonitis episode. Multivariable Cox regression was performed using a backward elimination procedure stopping when all remaining factors were significant at p < 0.05. No collinearity among the factors affecting the backward elimination procedure was found. The count of participants on corticosteroid treatment at baseline is presented below.

Outcome measures

Measure	The Retraining Group n=340 Participants The intervention in the retraining group consists of regular tests of the patients´ theoretical and practical skills regarding peritoneal dialysis. The test goals should be passed. If not, retraining will be given if needed til the goals are reached. The peritonitis rate in this group will be compared with that of the control group.	The Control Group n=331 Participants Patients randomised to the control group will be treated according to the routines of the clinic.	The Whole Study Group n=671 Participants The Retraining Group and The Control Group together.
Analysis of the Use of a "Corticosteroid Drug" in Association With Time to First Peritonitis Episode in the Whole Study Group.	44 Participants	43 Participants	87 Participants

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: Participants were followed from 1 month after PD start (time of randomization) up to a maximum of 36 months after start of peritoneal dialysis. The time (days) to the first peritonitis episode was calculated for each participant.

Population: 671 new patients with peritoneal dialysis (PD), peritonitis-free, aged 18 years or more, and able to perform PD without assistance were randomized to a control group and a retraining group. We decided to perform the analysis of factors associated with time to first peritonitis in the two groups together, since the possibility to find such associations is likely to be greater in a larger than in a smaller group.

Analysis of "Cytotoxic treatment" (yes vs.no) in association with time to first peritonitis episode is presented. This variable may vary with time and is thus time-dependent. The variable was recorded at all study visits. The value recorded at the study visit which was closest to and prior to the first peritonitis episode was used in the time-dependent univariable and multivariable Cox regression analyses of the association of the variable with time to first peritonitis episode. Univariable Cox regression was used to identify variables significantly associated with time to first peritonitis episode. Multivariable Cox regression was performed using a backward elimination procedure stopping when all remaining factors were significant at p < 0.05. No collinearity among the factors affecting the backward elimination procedure was found. The count of participants on cytotoxic treatment at baseline is presented below.

Outcome measures

Measure	The Retraining Group n=340 Participants The intervention in the retraining group consists of regular tests of the patients´ theoretical and practical skills regarding peritoneal dialysis. The test goals should be passed. If not, retraining will be given if needed til the goals are reached. The peritonitis rate in this group will be compared with that of the control group.	The Control Group n=331 Participants Patients randomised to the control group will be treated according to the routines of the clinic.	The Whole Study Group n=671 Participants The Retraining Group and The Control Group together.
Analysis of "Cytotoxic Treatment" in Association With Time to First Peritonitis Episode in the Whole Study Group.	27 Participants	25 Participants	52 Participants

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: Participants were followed from 1 month after PD start (time of randomization) up to a maximum of 36 months after start of peritoneal dialysis. The time (days) to the first peritonitis episode was calculated for each participant.

Population: 671 new patients with peritoneal dialysis (PD), peritonitis-free, aged 18 years or more, and able to perform PD without assistance were randomized to a control group and a retraining group. We decided to perform the analysis of factors associated with time to first peritonitis in the two groups together, since the possibility to find such associations is likely to be greater in a larger than in a smaller group.

The statistical analysis of "Type of start of peritoneal dialysis" in association with time to first peritonitis episode is presented. The type of start of peritoneal dialysis could be either planned or acute. The association of "Type of start of peritoneal dialysis" in association with time to first peritonitis episode was studied in the whole study group. Univariable Cox regression was used to identify variables significantly associated with time to first peritonitis episode. Multivariable Cox regression was performed using a backward elimination procedure stopping when all remaining factors were significant at p < 0.05. No collinearity among the factors affecting the backward elimination procedure was found.

Outcome measures

Measure	The Retraining Group n=340 Participants The intervention in the retraining group consists of regular tests of the patients´ theoretical and practical skills regarding peritoneal dialysis. The test goals should be passed. If not, retraining will be given if needed til the goals are reached. The peritonitis rate in this group will be compared with that of the control group.	The Control Group n=331 Participants Patients randomised to the control group will be treated according to the routines of the clinic.	The Whole Study Group n=671 Participants The Retraining Group and The Control Group together.
Analysis of "Type of Start of Peritoneal Dialysis" in Association With Time to First Peritonitis Episode in the Whole Study Group. Planned PD start	300 Participants	278 Participants	578 Participants
Analysis of "Type of Start of Peritoneal Dialysis" in Association With Time to First Peritonitis Episode in the Whole Study Group. Acute PD start	40 Participants	53 Participants	93 Participants

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: Participants were followed from 1 month after PD start (time of randomization) up to a maximum of 36 months after start of peritoneal dialysis. The time (days) to the first peritonitis episode was calculated for each participant.

Population: 671 new patients with peritoneal dialysis (PD), peritonitis-free, aged 18 years or more, and able to perform PD without assistance were randomized to a control group and a retraining group. We decided to perform the analysis of factors associated with time to first peritonitis episode in the two groups together, since the possibility to find such associations is likely to be greater in a larger than in a smaller group.

The statistical analysis of "The use of antibiotics prior to PD catheter insertion" (yes vs. no) in association with time to first peritonitis episode is presented. Antibiotics prior to PD catheter insertion may be given to prevent infection. The association of "The use of antibiotics prior to PD catheter insertion" in association with time to first peritonitis episode was studied in the whole study group. Univariable Cox regression was used to identify variables significantly associated with time to first peritonitis episode. Multivariable Cox regression was performed using a backward elimination procedure stopping when all remaining factors were significant at p < 0.05. No collinearity among the factors affecting the backward elimination procedure was found. The count of participants who used antibiotics prior to PD catheter insertion is presented below.

Outcome measures

Measure	The Retraining Group n=340 Participants The intervention in the retraining group consists of regular tests of the patients´ theoretical and practical skills regarding peritoneal dialysis. The test goals should be passed. If not, retraining will be given if needed til the goals are reached. The peritonitis rate in this group will be compared with that of the control group.	The Control Group n=331 Participants Patients randomised to the control group will be treated according to the routines of the clinic.	The Whole Study Group n=671 Participants The Retraining Group and The Control Group together.
Analysis of "The Use of Antibiotics Prior to PD Catheter Insertion" in Association With Time to First Peritonitis Episode in the Whole Study Group.	305 Participants	305 Participants	610 Participants

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: Participants were followed from 1 month after PD start (time of randomization) up to a maximum of 36 months after start of peritoneal dialysis. The time (days) to the first peritonitis episode was calculated for each participant.

Population: 671 new patients with peritoneal dialysis (PD), peritonitis-free, aged 18 years or more, and able to perform PD without assistance were randomized to a control group and a retraining group. We decided to perform the analysis of factors associated with time to first peritonitis in the two groups together, since the possibility to find such associations is likely to be greater in a larger than in a smaller group.

PD catheters could be either be straight or coiled. The statistical analysis of "the type of PD catheter used" (straight vs. coiled) in association with time to first peritonitis episode is presented. The association of "the type of PD catheter used" in association with time to first peritonitis episode was studied in the whole study group. Univariable Cox regression was used to identify variables significantly associated with time to first peritonitis episode. Multivariable Cox regression was performed using a backward elimination procedure stopping when all remaining factors were significant at p < 0.05. No collinearity among the factors affecting the backward elimination procedure was found.

Outcome measures

Measure	The Retraining Group n=340 Participants The intervention in the retraining group consists of regular tests of the patients´ theoretical and practical skills regarding peritoneal dialysis. The test goals should be passed. If not, retraining will be given if needed til the goals are reached. The peritonitis rate in this group will be compared with that of the control group.	The Control Group n=331 Participants Patients randomised to the control group will be treated according to the routines of the clinic.	The Whole Study Group n=671 Participants The Retraining Group and The Control Group together.
Analysis of "the Type of PD Catheter Used" in Association With Time to First Peritonitis Episode in the Whole Study Group. Straight PD catheter	78 Participants	76 Participants	154 Participants
Analysis of "the Type of PD Catheter Used" in Association With Time to First Peritonitis Episode in the Whole Study Group. Coiled PD catheter	262 Participants	255 Participants	517 Participants

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: Participants were followed from 1 month after PD start (time of randomization) up to a maximum of 36 months after start of peritoneal dialysis. The time (days) to the first peritonitis episode was calculated for each participant.

Population: 671 new patients with peritoneal dialysis (PD), peritonitis-free, aged 18 years or more, and able to perform PD without assistance were randomized to a control group and a retraining group. We decided to perform the analysis of factors associated with time to first peritonitis in the two groups together, since the possibility to find such associations is likely to be greater in a larger than in a smaller group.

"PD modality (CAPD/APD)" in Association With Time to First Peritonitis Episode in the whole study group was studied. A participant either used CAPD (Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis) or APD (Automated Peritoneal Dialysis) but may change the PD modality during the study. This variable may vary with time and is thus time-dependent. The time-dependent data was recorded at all study visits. The value recorded at the study visit which was closest to and prior to the first peritonitis episode for each participant was used in the analyses. The time-dependent data was included in a time-dependent Cox regression. Univariable Cox regression was used to identify variables significantly associated with time to first peritonitis episode. Multivariable Cox regression was performed using a backward elimination procedure stopping when all remaining factors were significant at p < 0.05. No collinearity among the factors affecting the backward elimination procedure was found. The c

Outcome measures

Measure	The Retraining Group n=340 Participants The intervention in the retraining group consists of regular tests of the patients´ theoretical and practical skills regarding peritoneal dialysis. The test goals should be passed. If not, retraining will be given if needed til the goals are reached. The peritonitis rate in this group will be compared with that of the control group.	The Control Group n=331 Participants Patients randomised to the control group will be treated according to the routines of the clinic.	The Whole Study Group n=671 Participants The Retraining Group and The Control Group together.
Analysis of "PD Modality (CAPD/APD)" in Association With Time to First Peritonitis Episode in the Whole Study Group. CAPD at PD start	278 Participants	262 Participants	540 Participants
Analysis of "PD Modality (CAPD/APD)" in Association With Time to First Peritonitis Episode in the Whole Study Group. APD at PD start	62 Participants	69 Participants	131 Participants

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: Participants were followed from 1 month after PD start (time of randomization) up to a maximum of 36 months after start of peritoneal dialysis. The time (days) to the first peritonitis episode was calculated for each participant.

Population: 671 new patients with peritoneal dialysis (PD), peritonitis-free, aged 18 years or more, and able to perform PD without assistance were randomized to a control group and a retraining group. We decided to perform the analysis of factors associated with time to first peritonitis in the two groups together, since the possibility to find such associations is likely to be greater in a larger than in a smaller group.

The association of the "Number of PD bags used/24h" and Time to First Peritonitis Episode was studied. The number of PD bags used/24h many vary with time, as this variable is thus time-dependent. Data from PD start is presented below. As described in "Outcome measure 39", data was collected at each study visit. We recorded the number of bags connected to the PD catheter/24h in CAPD patients and in APD patients we recorded the number of bags connected to the tubing set/24h adding the daily number of bags connected to the PD catheter if additional manual daytime exchanges were used.

The time-dependent data was included in a time-dependent univariable Cox regression to identify variables significantly associated with time to first peritonitis episode. Multivariable Cox regression was performed using a backward elimination procedure stopping when all remaining factors were significant at p < 0.05. No collinearity among the factors affecting the backward elimination procedure was found.

Outcome measures

Measure	The Retraining Group n=340 Participants The intervention in the retraining group consists of regular tests of the patients´ theoretical and practical skills regarding peritoneal dialysis. The test goals should be passed. If not, retraining will be given if needed til the goals are reached. The peritonitis rate in this group will be compared with that of the control group.	The Control Group n=331 Participants Patients randomised to the control group will be treated according to the routines of the clinic.	The Whole Study Group n=671 Participants The Retraining Group and The Control Group together.
Analysis of "Number of PD Bags Used/24h" in Association With of Time to First Peritonitis Episode in the Whole Study Group.	4 Number of PD bags/24h at PD start Interval 1.0 to 5.0	4 Number of PD bags/24h at PD start Interval 1.0 to 6.0	4. Number of PD bags/24h at PD start Interval 1.0 to 6.0

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: Participants were followed from 1 month after PD start (time of randomization) up to a maximum of 36 months after start of peritoneal dialysis. The time (days) to the first peritonitis episode was calculated for each participant.

Population: 671 new patients with peritoneal dialysis (PD), peritonitis-free, aged 18 years or more, and able to perform PD without assistance were randomized to a control group and a retraining group. We decided to perform the analysis of factors associated with time to first peritonitis in the two groups together, since the possibility to find such associations is likely to be greater in a larger than in a smaller group.

The association of "The Volume of Dialysis Fluid used/24h" with the time to first peritonitis episode is analysed in the whole study group. The volume of dialysis fluid used per 24h can vary with time and is thus time-dependent. The dialysis fluid volume/24h used at PD start is reported below. The time-dependent data were recorded at all study visits. The value recorded at the study visit, which was closest to and prior to the first peritonitis episode for each participant was used in the analyses. The time-dependent data were included in a time-dependent Cox regression. Univariable Cox regression was used to identify variables significantly associated with time to first peritonitis episode. Multivariable Cox regression was performed using a backward elimination procedure stopping when all remaining factors were significant at p < 0.05. No collinearity among the factors affecting the backward elimination procedure was found.

Outcome measures

Measure	The Retraining Group n=340 Participants The intervention in the retraining group consists of regular tests of the patients´ theoretical and practical skills regarding peritoneal dialysis. The test goals should be passed. If not, retraining will be given if needed til the goals are reached. The peritonitis rate in this group will be compared with that of the control group.	The Control Group n=331 Participants Patients randomised to the control group will be treated according to the routines of the clinic.	The Whole Study Group n=671 Participants The Retraining Group and The Control Group together.
Analysis of "The Volume of Dialysis Fluid Used/24h" in Association With Time to First Peritonitis Episode in the Whole Study Group.	8.0 Liter of PD fluid used/24h at PD start Interval 1.5 to 18.5	8.0 Liter of PD fluid used/24h at PD start Interval 1.5 to 22.0	8.0 Liter of PD fluid used/24h at PD start Interval 1.5 to 22.0

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: Participants were followed from 1 month after PD start (time of randomization) up to a maximum of 36 months after start of peritoneal dialysis. The time (days) to the first peritonitis episode was calculated for each participant.

Population: 671 new patients with peritoneal dialysis (PD), peritonitis-free, aged 18 years or more, and able to perform PD without assistance were randomized to a control group and a retraining group. We decided to perform the analysis of factors associated with time to first peritonitis in the two groups together, since the possibility to find such associations is likely to be greater in a larger than in a smaller group.

The exit site is the point where the PD catheter emerges from the skin of the abdomen. The number of "participants who needed of help with exit-site care at PD start is reported below. The need of this help may vary with time. This variable is thus time-dependent. The time-dependent data were recorded at all study visits. The value recorded at the study visit, which was closest to and prior to the first peritonitis episode for each participant was used in the analyses. The data were included as time-varying covariates in a time-dependent Cox regression. Univariable Cox regression was used to identify variables significantly associated with time to first peritonitis episode. Multivariable Cox regression was performed using a backward elimination procedure stopping when all remaining factors were significant at p < 0.05. No collinearity among the factors affecting the backward elimination procedure was found. The risk (hazard ratio) associated with each studied variable is reported.

Outcome measures

Measure	The Retraining Group n=340 Participants The intervention in the retraining group consists of regular tests of the patients´ theoretical and practical skills regarding peritoneal dialysis. The test goals should be passed. If not, retraining will be given if needed til the goals are reached. The peritonitis rate in this group will be compared with that of the control group.	The Control Group n=331 Participants Patients randomised to the control group will be treated according to the routines of the clinic.	The Whole Study Group n=671 Participants The Retraining Group and The Control Group together.
Analysis of "Need of Help With Exit-site Care" in Association With Time to First Peritonitis Episode in the Whole Study Group.	84 Participants	79 Participants	163 Participants

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: Participants were followed from 1 month after PD start (time of randomization) up to a maximum of 36 months after start of peritoneal dialysis. The time (days) to the first peritonitis episode was calculated for each participant.

Population: 671 new patients with peritoneal dialysis (PD), peritonitis-free, aged 18 years or more, and able to perform PD without assistance were randomized to a control group and a retraining group.

Analysis of the association of the Study group (retraining group vs. control group) with time to first peritonitis episode is presented. Univariable Cox regression was used to identify variables significantly associated with time to first peritonitis episode. Multivariable Cox regression was performed using a backward elimination procedure stopping when all remaining factors were significant at p < 0.05. No collinearity among the factors affecting the backward elimination procedure was found. The risk (hazard ratio) associated with each studied variable is reported.

Outcome measures

Measure	The Retraining Group n=340 Participants The intervention in the retraining group consists of regular tests of the patients´ theoretical and practical skills regarding peritoneal dialysis. The test goals should be passed. If not, retraining will be given if needed til the goals are reached. The peritonitis rate in this group will be compared with that of the control group.	The Control Group n=331 Participants Patients randomised to the control group will be treated according to the routines of the clinic.	The Whole Study Group n=671 Participants The Retraining Group and The Control Group together.
Analysis of the Association of the Study Group (Retraining Group vs. the Control Group) With Time to First Peritonitis Episode	340 Participants	331 Participants	671 Participants

Adverse Events

The Follow-up Group

Serious events: 0 serious events

Other events: 0 other events

Deaths: 27 deaths

Control Group

Serious events: 0 serious events

Other events: 0 other events

Deaths: 29 deaths

Serious adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Other adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Additional Information

Susanne Ljungman prof. emer. Director of the study

Dept. of Nephrology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden

Phone: +46-(0)31-3421000

Email: susanne.ljungman@vgregion.se

Results disclosure agreements

• Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
• Publication restrictions are in place