Use of a Loading Dose of Vancomycin in Pediatric Dosing

Study Results

Results available

Outcome measurements, participant flow, baseline characteristics, and adverse events have been published for this study.

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Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

TERMINATED

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

59 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2011-02-28

Study Completion Date

2012-03-31

Brief Summary

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Vancomycin is an antibiotic administered to children or adults for many types of infections. While it has been used to treat infections of children for more than 50 years we are still not completely certain about the best dose to use when starting treatment with this medication.

This study is intended to evaluate whether giving a new higher dose of vancomycin for the first dose will help us get to the desired amount in the body more quickly then the usual first dose. Half of the patients would get the new higher dose and the other half of patients will get the typical first dose. Only the first dose is changed and all doses that follow are the same in both groups and are doses typically used for children.

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Detailed Description

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Setting and Patients We conducted a double-blind randomized controlled trial of children aged 2 to 18 years hospitalized at Boston Children's Hospital between February 1, 2011, and January 15, 2012, who required antimicrobial therapy with vancomycin (Hospira, Inc., Lake Forest, IL, lot #896188EO-4) for a suspected or documented infection. We excluded patients with a body weight above 67 kg (to limit the maximum loading dose to 2 g), preexisting severe renal dysfunction, defined as creatinine clearance \<50 mL/min/1.73m2 using the original Schwartz equation,7 known hearing impairment, intravenous vancomycin treatment in the prior 7 days or undergoing a procedure with anticipated moderate to severe blood loss (eg, cardiac surgery or extensive orthopedic procedure).

For all participants enrolled in the study, relevant baseline demographic, medical history and safety data were recorded. Medical history data included primary and secondary diagnoses; other comorbidities such as obesity or cystic fibrosis; and presence of systemic inflammatory response syndrome, defined as 2 or more of the following: temperature \>38.5°C or \<36°C; mean heart rate \>2 standard deviations above normal for age; mean respiratory rate \>2 standard deviations above normal for age; or high or low white blood cell count for age.

Randomization and Concealment Participants were randomized in blocks of 2 and 4 to receive either a loading dose of 30 mg/kg of vancomycin as a single intravenous infusion over 2 hours (intervention group) or an initial vancomycin dose of 20 mg/kg intravenously over 2 hours (comparison group). The initial dose was administered over 2 hours in both groups to preserve allocation concealment. All patients subsequently received a 20 mg/kg dose every 8 hours as was the standard of care in our hospital for treatment of severe infections at the time of the study. Subsequent doses were administered over 1 hour, unless the patient developed red man syndrome (as identified by the clinical team), in which case the infusion time was increased to 2 hours. The investigators, family and primary care teams were blinded to group assignment, and the first dose of vancomycin for all participants was prepared so that the solution volumes were identical. The computer-generated randomization was concealed in a locked binder until the intervention was assigned.

Vancomycin Concentration Sampling and Analysis Trough serum vancomycin concentrations were obtained within 60 minutes before the second (8-hour) and third (16-hour) vancomycin doses. In order to increase the likelihood of having a cloud of sparse data for population pharmacokinetic analysis, 1 or 2 additional serum vancomycin samples were obtained from each participant within the first 32 hours of therapy at a time coinciding with blood collection for clinical care. These samples were obtained only from participants with an indwelling catheter whose family provided written consent for additional sampling.

Vancomycin concentrations were measured using a fluorescence polarization immunoassay (Roche Diagnostics, Indianapolis, IN) on the Roche Integra 800 instrument. The assay had a limit of quantitation of 0.74 mg/L and an interassay coefficient of variability of \<3%.

Conditions

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Infection

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

TRIPLE

Participants Caregivers Investigators

Study Groups

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Vancomycin loading dose

Intervention: administer intravenous vancomycin 30 mg/kg/dose once, followed 8 hours later by 20 mg/kg/dose every 8 hours

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

vancomycin hydrocloride

Intervention Type DRUG

see description of study arms

Control

No intervention. Administer intravenous vancomycin 20 mg/kg/dose every 8 hours as per hospital guideline.

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

vancomycin hydrocloride

Intervention Type DRUG

see description of study arms

Interventions

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vancomycin hydrocloride

see description of study arms

Intervention Type DRUG

Other Intervention Names

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Vancomycin

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* Receiving care at Children's Hospital Boston
* Prescribed intravenous vancomycin by their physician

Exclusion Criteria

* Weight above 67 kg
* Pre-existing renal dysfunction (creatinine clearance \< 50 ml/min/1.73m2)
* Known hearing impairment
* Recent intravenous vancomycin treatment (within 7 days)
* Undergoing procedure with anticipated moderate-severe blood loss

Minimum Eligible Age

2 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

18 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No