Study of Effectiveness and Safety of Azithromycin-based Extended-spectrum Prophylaxis to Prevent Post Cesarean Infection

NCT ID: NCT01235546

Last Updated: 2017-07-28

Study Results

Results available

Outcome measurements, participant flow, baseline characteristics, and adverse events have been published for this study.

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Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

2013 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2011-05-31

Study Completion Date

2015-12-31

Brief Summary

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The Cesarean Section Optimal Antibiotic Prophylaxis (C/SOAP) study is a large pragmatic multi-center randomized clinical trial designed to evaluate the comparative effectiveness and safety of azithromycin-based extended-spectrum antibiotic prophylaxis (azithromycin plus standard narrow-spectrum cephalosporin) relative to standard single-agent cephalosporin (preferably prior to surgical incision) to prevent post-cesarean infection.

Hypothesis: Compared to narrow-spectrum prophylaxis (i.e. cefazolin alone, or clindamycin if cephalosporin allergy) prior to surgical incision, the addition of extended-spectrum prophylaxis (azithromycin + cefazolin) reduces the incidence of post-cesarean infection.

Detailed Description

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Conditions

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Endometritis Wound Infection Abscess Surgical Site Infection

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Primary Study Purpose

PREVENTION

Blinding Strategy

QUADRUPLE

Participants Caregivers Investigators Outcome Assessors

Study Groups

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Placebo and standard of care

250 cc normal saline

Group Type PLACEBO_COMPARATOR

Placebo and standard of care

Intervention Type DRUG

250 cc normal saline, plus standard of care (cephazolin or clindamycin)

Azithromycin and Standard of care

500 mg Azithromycin in 250 cc normal saline

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Azithromycin and standard of care

Intervention Type DRUG

500 mg in 250 cc normal saline 1 time dose plus standard of care (cephazolin or clindamycin)

Interventions

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Azithromycin and standard of care

500 mg in 250 cc normal saline 1 time dose plus standard of care (cephazolin or clindamycin)

Intervention Type DRUG

Placebo and standard of care

250 cc normal saline, plus standard of care (cephazolin or clindamycin)

Intervention Type DRUG

Other Intervention Names

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Zithromax normal saline

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

\-

Pregnant Women aged 14 years and over at ≥ 24 weeks' viable gestation who will undergo unscheduled/non-elective cesareans with either:

1. Labor (spontaneous or induced): active labor (ongoing contractions and at least 4cm dilated or contractions for at least 4 hours with documented cervical change of ≥1cm dilatation or ≥50% effacement), or
2. Membrane rupture (standardized to duration of at least 4 hours prior to randomization).

Exclusion Criteria

* Patient unwilling or unable to provide consent
* Multiple pregnancy
* Known azithromycin (or other macrolide) allergy
* Vaginal delivery
* Elective or scheduled cesarean prior to labor or membrane rupture.
* Azithromycin, erythromycin or other macrolide antibiotic use within 7 days of enrollment.
* Clinical chorioamnionitis or any other active bacterial infection (e.g. pyelonephritis, pneumonia, abscess) at time of randomization.
* Patient is unable or unlikely to follow-up after delivery (e.g. no prenatal care or a non-resident patient)
* Fetal demise or major congenital anomaly
* Significant liver disease defined as known cirrhosis or elevated transaminases of at least 3-fold upper limit of normal
* Significant renal disease defined as serum creatinine known to be \>2.0 mg/dl or on dialysis.
* Active congestive heart failure (EF\<45%) or pulmonary edema
* Active diarrhea at time of delivery
* Any patient with significant electrolyte abnormalities such as hypokalemia or hypocalcemia
* Any patient with structural heart disease or arrhythmias, or taking any medications known to prolong the QT interval
* Patient currently being treated with efavirenz, nelfinavir or fluconazole
Minimum Eligible Age

14 Years

Eligible Sex

FEMALE

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

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Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD)

NIH

Sponsor Role collaborator

University of Texas

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

University of North Carolina

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

Mission Hospital

UNKNOWN

Sponsor Role collaborator

Ochsner Health System

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

Columbia University

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

University of Utah

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

University of Mississippi Medical Center

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

Alan Tita

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Alan Tita

Professor

Responsibility Role SPONSOR_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

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Alan TN Tita, MD, PhD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

University of Alabama at Birmingham

Locations

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University of Alabama at Birmingham

Birmingham, Alabama, United States

Site Status

Ochsner Clinic Foundation

New Orleans, Louisiana, United States

Site Status

University of Mississippi Medical Center

Jackson, Mississippi, United States

Site Status

Columbia University

New York, New York, United States

Site Status

Mission Hospital

Asheville, North Carolina, United States

Site Status

University of North Carolina

Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States

Site Status

University of Texas Medical Branch

Galveston, Texas, United States

Site Status

University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston

Houston, Texas, United States

Site Status

University of Utah

Salt Lake City, Utah, United States

Site Status

Countries

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United States

References

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Tita ATN, Rouse DJ, Blackwell S, Saade GR, Spong CY, Andrews WW. Emerging concepts in antibiotic prophylaxis for cesarean delivery: a systematic review. Obstet Gynecol. 2009 Mar;113(3):675-682. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0b013e318197c3b6.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 19300334 (View on PubMed)

Andrews WW, Hauth JC, Cliver SP, Savage K, Goldenberg RL. Randomized clinical trial of extended spectrum antibiotic prophylaxis with coverage for Ureaplasma urealyticum to reduce post-cesarean delivery endometritis. Obstet Gynecol. 2003 Jun;101(6):1183-9. doi: 10.1016/s0029-7844(03)00016-4.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 12798523 (View on PubMed)

Tita AT, Hauth JC, Grimes A, Owen J, Stamm AM, Andrews WW. Decreasing incidence of postcesarean endometritis with extended-spectrum antibiotic prophylaxis. Obstet Gynecol. 2008 Jan;111(1):51-6. doi: 10.1097/01.AOG.0000295868.43851.39.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 18165392 (View on PubMed)

Martin JK, Longo SA, Jauk VR, Clark EAS, Saade GR, Boggess KA, Esplin S, Wapner RJ, Owens MY, Blackwell SC, Andrews WW, Szychowski JM, Tita AT. Neonatal outcomes in term and preterm infants following adjunctive azithromycin antibiotic prophylaxis for non-elective cesarean delivery. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2024 Dec;37(1):2367082. doi: 10.1080/14767058.2024.2367082. Epub 2024 Jun 14.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 38873885 (View on PubMed)

Sanusi A, Ye Y, Boggess K, Saade G, Longo S, Clark E, Esplin S, Cleary K, Wapner R, Owens M, Blackwell S, Szychowski JM, Tita ATN, Subramaniam A. Timing of Adjunctive Azithromycin for Unscheduled Cesarean Delivery and Postdelivery Infection. Obstet Gynecol. 2022 Jun 1;139(6):1043-1049. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000004788. Epub 2022 May 2.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 35675601 (View on PubMed)

Boggess KA, Tita A, Jauk V, Saade G, Longo S, Clark EAS, Esplin S, Cleary K, Wapner R, Letson K, Owens M, Blackwell S, Beamon C, Szychowski JM, Andrews W; Cesarean Section Optimal Antibiotic Prophylaxis Trial Consortium. Risk Factors for Postcesarean Maternal Infection in a Trial of Extended-Spectrum Antibiotic Prophylaxis. Obstet Gynecol. 2017 Mar;129(3):481-485. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000001899.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 28178058 (View on PubMed)

Tita AT, Szychowski JM, Boggess K, Saade G, Longo S, Clark E, Esplin S, Cleary K, Wapner R, Letson K, Owens M, Abramovici A, Ambalavanan N, Cutter G, Andrews W; C/SOAP Trial Consortium. Adjunctive Azithromycin Prophylaxis for Cesarean Delivery. N Engl J Med. 2016 Sep 29;375(13):1231-41. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1602044.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 27682034 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

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NIH 1R01HD064729-01A1

Identifier Type: OTHER_GRANT

Identifier Source: secondary_id

F090323006

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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