Thrombolysis or Anticoagulation for Cerebral Venous Thrombosis

NCT ID: NCT01204333

Last Updated: 2017-02-14

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

TERMINATED

Clinical Phase

PHASE2/PHASE3

Total Enrollment

67 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2011-09-30

Study Completion Date

2017-10-31

Brief Summary

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Background: Endovascular thrombolysis, with or without mechanical clot removal (ET), may be beneficial for a subgroup of patients with cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVT), who have a poor prognosis despite treatment with heparin. Published experience with ET is promising, but only based on case series and not on controlled trials.

Objective: The main objective of the TO-ACT trial is to determine if ET improves the functional outcome of patients with a severe form of CVT

Study design: The TO-ACT trial will be designed as a multi-centre, prospective, randomized, open-label, blinded endpoint (PROBE) trial.

Study population: Patients are eligible if they have a radiologically proven CVT, a high probability of poor outcome (defined by presence of one or more of the following risk factors: mental status disorder, coma, intracranial hemorrhagic lesion or thrombosis of the deep cerebral venous system) and the responsible physician is uncertain if ET or standard anti-coagulant treatment is better.

Intervention: Patients will be randomized to receive either ET or standard therapy (therapeutic doses of heparin). ET consists of local application of alteplase or urokinase within the thrombosed sinuses, and/or mechanical thrombectomy. Glasgow coma score, NIH stroke scale and relevant laboratory parameters will be assessed at baseline.

Endpoints: The primary endpoint is the modified Rankin scale (mRS) at 12 months. The most important secondary outcomes are the mRS, mortality and recanalization rate at 6 months. Major intra- and extracranial hemorrhagic complications within one week following the intervention are the principal safety outcome. Results will be analyzed according to the "intention-to-treat" principle. Assessment of study endpoints will be carried out according to standardized questionnaires by a blinded neurologist or research nurse who is not involved in the treatment of the patient.

Study size: To detect a 50% relative reduction in mRS≥2 (from 40 to 20%), 164 patients (82 in each treatment arm) have to be included (two-sided alpha, 80% power).

Nature and extent of the burden and risks associated with participation, benefit and group relatedness: Included patients may benefit directly from ET. Complications of ET, most notably intracranial hemorrhages, constitute the most important risk of the study.

Detailed Description

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Conditions

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Sinus Thrombosis, Intracranial

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

NONE

Study Groups

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Endovascular thrombolysis

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Endovascular thrombolysis

Intervention Type DRUG

Endovascular thrombolysis consists of local application of alteplase or urokinase within the thrombosed sinuses. Standard endovascular techniques to mechanically remove clot material, such as thrombosuction, are allowed, but not mandatory.

Standard treatment

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Heparin

Intervention Type DRUG

The patients randomized to standard care will receive (or continue) either intravenous adjusted dose unfractionated heparin (aPTT value kept within 1.5 to 2.5 times the normal value), or any type of body-weight adjusted low molecular weight heparin in therapeutic dose, according to local custom and international guidelines

Interventions

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Endovascular thrombolysis

Endovascular thrombolysis consists of local application of alteplase or urokinase within the thrombosed sinuses. Standard endovascular techniques to mechanically remove clot material, such as thrombosuction, are allowed, but not mandatory.

Intervention Type DRUG

Heparin

The patients randomized to standard care will receive (or continue) either intravenous adjusted dose unfractionated heparin (aPTT value kept within 1.5 to 2.5 times the normal value), or any type of body-weight adjusted low molecular weight heparin in therapeutic dose, according to local custom and international guidelines

Intervention Type DRUG

Other Intervention Names

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Alteplase Urokinase

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

1. Cerebral venous thrombosis, confirmed by cerebral angiography (with intra-arterial contrast injection), magnetic resonance venography or computed tomographic venography.
2. Severe form of CVT with a high chance of incomplete recovery, as defined by the presence of one or more of the following risk factors

1. Intracerebral hemorrhagic lesion due to CVT
2. Mental status disorder
3. Coma (Glasgow coma scale \< 9)
4. Thrombosis of the deep cerebral venous system
3. Uncertainty by the treating physician if ET or standard heparin therapy is the optimal therapy for the patient.

Exclusion Criteria

* Age less than 18 years
* Duration from diagnosis to randomization of more than 10 days
* Recurrent CVT
* Any thrombolytic therapy within last 7 days
* Pregnancy (women in the puerperium may be included)
* Isolated cavernous sinus thrombosis
* Isolated intracranial hypertension (without focal neurological signs, with the exception of papilloedema and 6th cranial nerve palsy)
* Cerebellar venous thrombosis with 4th ventricle compression and hydrocephalus, which requires surgery
* Contraindication for anti-coagulant or thrombolytic treatment

1. documented generalized bleeding disorder
2. concurrent thrombocytopenia (\<100 x 10E9/L)
3. documented severe hepatic or renal dysfunction, that interferes with normal coagulation
4. uncontrolled severe hypertension (diastolic \> 120 mm Hg)
5. known recent (\< 3 months) gastrointestinal tract hemorrhage (not including he¬morrhage from rectal hemorrhoids)
* Any known associated condition (such as terminal cancer) with a poor short term (1 year) prognosis independent of CVT
* Clinical and radiological signs of impending transtentorial herniation due to large space-occupying lesions (e.g. large cerebral venous infarcts or hemorrhages)
* Recent (\< 2 weeks) major surgical procedure (does not include lumbar puncture) or severe cranial trauma
* Known allergy against contrast fluid used during endovascular procedures or the thrombolytic drug used in that particular centre
* Previously legally incompetent prior to CVT
* No informed consent
Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

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Dutch Heart Foundation

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

Jan Stam, MD, PhD

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Jan Stam, MD, PhD

Prof. Dr. J. Stam

Responsibility Role SPONSOR_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

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Jan Stam, MD, PhD

Role: STUDY_CHAIR

University of Amsterdam

Jose M Ferro, MD, PhD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Hospital Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal

Marie-Germaine Bousser, MD, PhD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France

Patricia Canhão, MD, PhD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Hospital Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal

Isabelle Crassard, MD, PhD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France

Charles BL Majoie, MD, PhD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

University of Amsterdam

Jim A Reekers, MD, PhD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

University of Amsterdam

E Houdart, MD, PhD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France

Rob J de Haan, PhD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

University of Amsterdam

Locations

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Centre hospitalier de l'université de Montréal (CHUM)

Montreal, , Canada

Site Status

XuanWu Hospital

Beijing, , China

Site Status

Hôpital Lariboisière

Paris, , France

Site Status

Academic Medical Centre

Amsterdam, , Netherlands

Site Status

University Medical Centre Groningen

Groningen, , Netherlands

Site Status

St. Antonius hospital

Nieuwegein, , Netherlands

Site Status

Erasmus Medical Centre

Rotterdam, , Netherlands

Site Status

Haga hospital

The Hague, , Netherlands

Site Status

Medical Centre Haaglanden

The Hague, , Netherlands

Site Status

Hospital de Braga

Braga, , Portugal

Site Status

Hospital da Universidade de Coimbra

Coimbra, , Portugal

Site Status

Hospital Santa Maria

Lisbon, , Portugal

Site Status

Hospital Sao Jose hospital

Lisbon, , Portugal

Site Status

Hospital de Santo António

Porto, , Portugal

Site Status

Inselspital, University Hospital

Bern, , Switzerland

Site Status

Countries

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Canada China France Netherlands Portugal Switzerland

References

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Coutinho JM, Stam J. How to treat cerebral venous and sinus thrombosis. J Thromb Haemost. 2010 May;8(5):877-83. doi: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2010.03799.x. Epub 2010 Feb 9.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 20149074 (View on PubMed)

Canhao P, Falcao F, Ferro JM. Thrombolytics for cerebral sinus thrombosis: a systematic review. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2003;15(3):159-66. doi: 10.1159/000068833.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 12646773 (View on PubMed)

Ciccone A, Canhao P, Falcao F, Ferro JM, Sterzi R. Thrombolysis for cerebral vein and dural sinus thrombosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2004;2004(1):CD003693. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD003693.pub2.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 14974030 (View on PubMed)

Stam J, Majoie CB, van Delden OM, van Lienden KP, Reekers JA. Endovascular thrombectomy and thrombolysis for severe cerebral sinus thrombosis: a prospective study. Stroke. 2008 May;39(5):1487-90. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.107.502658. Epub 2008 Mar 13.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 18340091 (View on PubMed)

Coutinho JM, Zuurbier SM, Bousser MG, Ji X, Canhao P, Roos YB, Crassard I, Nunes AP, Uyttenboogaart M, Chen J, Emmer BJ, Roosendaal SD, Houdart E, Reekers JA, van den Berg R, de Haan RJ, Majoie CB, Ferro JM, Stam J; TO-ACT investigators. Effect of Endovascular Treatment With Medical Management vs Standard Care on Severe Cerebral Venous Thrombosis: The TO-ACT Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Neurol. 2020 Aug 1;77(8):966-973. doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2020.1022.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 32421159 (View on PubMed)

Coutinho JM, Ferro JM, Zuurbier SM, Mink MS, Canhao P, Crassard I, Majoie CB, Reekers JA, Houdart E, de Haan RJ, Bousser MG, Stam J. Thrombolysis or anticoagulation for cerebral venous thrombosis: rationale and design of the TO-ACT trial. Int J Stroke. 2013 Feb;8(2):135-40. doi: 10.1111/j.1747-4949.2011.00753.x. Epub 2012 Feb 20.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 22340437 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

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TOACT

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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