NOMOTHETICOS: Nonlinear Modelling of Thyroid Hormones' Effect on Thyrotropin Incretion in Confirmed Open-loop Situation

NCT ID: NCT01145040

Last Updated: 2020-10-08

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

UNKNOWN

Total Enrollment

138 participants

Study Classification

OBSERVATIONAL

Study Start Date

2010-06-01

Study Completion Date

2021-01-31

Brief Summary

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The NOMOTHETICOS study is a unicentric cross-sectional study for a quantitative analysis of feedback-inhibition in the thyrotropic homeostatic control. Structural parameters are obtained in vivo from open-loop analysis in patients with disconnected feedback, i.e. with overt thyroid dysfunction or full dose substitution therapy with levothyroxine.

Detailed Description

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Control of thyroid hormone homeostasis is essential for function and development of the organism and hence for individual health. It is therefore not surprising that the thyroid's function is controlled by a complex, multi-loop feedback control system.

Today, the central component of the thyrotropic feedback control system is still poorly understood on a physiological level. Therefore, in mathematical models different functional relations describing the feedback-inhibition of thyrotropin incretion by thyroid hormones have been suggested \[Danziger and Elmergreen 1956, Roston 1959, Norwich and Reiter 1965, DiStefano and Stear 1968, DiStefano 1969, Saratchandran et al. 1973, Li et al. 1995, Dietrich et al. 2004, Degon et al. 2008, Jonklaas and Soldin 2008, Hörmann et al. 2010\]. Most of these models fail in delivering biochemical explanations for the functional interrelations they postulate.

Nevertheless, some clinical applications of these models have been developed, although their diagnostical potential is usually rather limited \[Yagi et al. 1997, Pohlenz et al. 1999, Jostel et al. 2009\].

Assuming that the pituitary's response to peripheral thyroid hormones is determined by active transmembrane thyroxine transport mechanisms \[Dietrich et al. 2008\], intracellular deiodination of thyroxine (T4), binding of resulting triiodothyronine (T3) to iodothyronine receptors and, finally, their inhibiting effect on mRNA expression, translation and release of TRH, a novel, physiologically motivated model has been developed that is based on compartment-analytical approaches, Michaelis-Menten kinetics and non competitive divisive inhibition \[Dietrich et al 2004\]. However, this model has not been sufficiently evaluated in a clinical context.

It is the aim of the NOMOTHETICOS study to deliver new systems-level insights into the pituitary's thyrotropic function. This unicentric cross-sectional study compares different models of feedback-inhibition by means of modern statistical methods like nonlinear regression and Akaike information criterion. Structural parameters are obtained in vivo from open-loop analysis in patients with disconnected feedback in equilibrium.

These parameters can serve as theoretical basis for possible future trials developing advanced diagnostical evaluation methods of thyrotropic pituitary function.

Conditions

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Hypothyroidism Hyperthyroidism

Study Design

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Observational Model Type

COHORT

Study Time Perspective

CROSS_SECTIONAL

Study Groups

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Partition 1

Overt primary hypothyroidism

No interventions assigned to this group

Partition 2

Hypothyroidism with "full dose" levothyroxine substitution therapy (more than 1.75 µg per kg of body mass)

No interventions assigned to this group

Partition 3

Overt primary hyperthyroidism

No interventions assigned to this group

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* Outpatients with disconnected feedback control due to the following conditions:

* Overt primary hypothyroidism with TSH level higher than 10 mU/l and FT4 concentration below 7 pmol/L (5.4 ng/L) (Partition 1)
* Overt primary hyperthyroidism with TSH level below 0.1 mU/l and FT4 concentration higher than 18 pmol/L (14 ng/L) (Partition 3)
* All other constellations, if the patient receives substitution therapy with more 1.75 µg Levothyroxin per kg of body mass (Partition 2).
* System in equilibrium (e.g. unchanged substitution dose over the past six weeks)

Exclusion Criteria

* Pituitary or hypothalamic dysfunction
* Severe illness that may be associated with euthyroid sick syndrome (non-thyroidal illness syndrome)
* Medication influencing pituitary function
* Pregnancy
* Missing consent for participation in the study
Minimum Eligible Age

14 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

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Ruhr University of Bochum

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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PD Dr. Johannes W. Dietrich, MD

Senior consultant endocrinologist

Responsibility Role PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

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Johannes W Dietrich, M.D.

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Medical Hospital I, Bergmannsheil University Hospitals, Ruhr University of Bochum

Harald H Klein, M.D.

Role: STUDY_CHAIR

Medical Hospital I, Bergmannsheil University Hospitals, Ruhr University of Bochum

Johannes W Dietrich, M.D.

Role: STUDY_DIRECTOR

Medical Hospital I, Bergmannsheil University Hospitals, Ruhr University of Bochum

Bojana Bazika-Gerasch, M.D.

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Medical Hospital I, Bergmannsheil University Hospitals, Ruhr University of Bochum

Locations

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Klinikum Ludwigsburg-Bietigheim

Bietigheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany

Site Status

Institute for diagnostical radiology, interventional radiology and nuclear medicine, Bergmannsheil University Hospitals, Ruhr University of Bochum

Bochum, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany

Site Status

Medical Hospital I, Bergmannsheil University Hospitals, Ruhr University of Bochum

Bochum, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany

Site Status

Countries

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Germany

References

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Norwich KH, Reiter R. Homeostatic control of thyroxin concentration expressed by a set of linear differential equations. Bull Math Biophys. 1965 Jun;27(2):133-44. doi: 10.1007/BF02498768. No abstract available.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 5832691 (View on PubMed)

DiStefano JJ 3rd, Stear EB. Neuroendocrine control of thyroid secretion in living systems: a feedback control system model. Bull Math Biophys. 1968 Mar;30(1):3-26. doi: 10.1007/BF02476936. No abstract available.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 4969955 (View on PubMed)

DiStefano JJ 3rd. A model of the normal thyroid hormone glandular secretion mechanism. J Theor Biol. 1969 Mar;22(3):412-7. doi: 10.1016/0022-5193(69)90013-7. No abstract available.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 5803330 (View on PubMed)

Saratchandran P, Carson ER, Reeve J. An improved mathematical model of human thyroid hormone regulation. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1976 Sep;5(5):473-83. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2265.1976.tb01976.x.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 825330 (View on PubMed)

Li G, Liu B, Liu Y. A dynamical model of the pulsatile secretion of the hypothalamo-pituitary-thyroid axis. Biosystems. 1995;35(1):83-92. doi: 10.1016/0303-2647(94)01484-o.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 7772725 (View on PubMed)

Degon M, Chipkin SR, Hollot CV, Zoeller RT, Chait Y. A computational model of the human thyroid. Math Biosci. 2008 Mar;212(1):22-53. doi: 10.1016/j.mbs.2007.10.009. Epub 2007 Nov 6.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 18291425 (View on PubMed)

Dietrich JW, Brisseau K, Boehm BO. [Absorption, transport and bio-availability of iodothyronines]. Dtsch Med Wochenschr. 2008 Aug;133(31-32):1644-8. doi: 10.1055/s-0028-1082780. German.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 18651367 (View on PubMed)

Yagi H, Pohlenz J, Hayashi Y, Sakurai A, Refetoff S. Resistance to thyroid hormone caused by two mutant thyroid hormone receptors beta, R243Q and R243W, with marked impairment of function that cannot be explained by altered in vitro 3,5,3'-triiodothyroinine binding affinity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1997 May;82(5):1608-14. doi: 10.1210/jcem.82.5.3945.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 9141558 (View on PubMed)

Pohlenz J, Weiss RE, Macchia PE, Pannain S, Lau IT, Ho H, Refetoff S. Five new families with resistance to thyroid hormone not caused by mutations in the thyroid hormone receptor beta gene. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1999 Nov;84(11):3919-28. doi: 10.1210/jcem.84.11.6080.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 10566629 (View on PubMed)

Jostel A, Ryder WD, Shalet SM. The use of thyroid function tests in the diagnosis of hypopituitarism: definition and evaluation of the TSH Index. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2009 Oct;71(4):529-34. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2009.03534.x. Epub 2009 Feb 18.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 19226261 (View on PubMed)

Jonklaas J, Soldin SJ. Tandem mass spectrometry as a novel tool for elucidating pituitary-thyroid relationships. Thyroid. 2008 Dec;18(12):1303-11. doi: 10.1089/thy.2008.0155.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 19067639 (View on PubMed)

Danziger L, Elmergreen GL. The Thyroid-Pituitary Homeostatic Mechanism. Bulletin of Mathematical Biophysics 18 : 1-13, 1956.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

Roston S: Mathematical Represention of Some Endocrinological Systems. Bulletin of Mathematical Biophysics, 21:271-282, 1959.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

Dietrich JW,Tesche A, Pickardt, CR, Mitzdorf U. Thyrotropic Feedback Control: Evidence for an Additional Ultrashort Feedback Loop from Fractal Analysis. Cybernetics and Systems 35 (4): 315-31, 2004.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

Hoermann R, Eckl W, Hoermann C, Larisch R. Complex relationship between free thyroxine and TSH in the regulation of thyroid function. Eur J Endocrinol. 2010 Jun;162(6):1123-9. doi: 10.1530/EJE-10-0106. Epub 2010 Mar 18.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 20299491 (View on PubMed)

Dietrich JW, Landgrafe G, Fotiadou EH. TSH and Thyrotropic Agonists: Key Actors in Thyroid Homeostasis. J Thyroid Res. 2012;2012:351864. doi: 10.1155/2012/351864. Epub 2012 Dec 30.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 23365787 (View on PubMed)

Dietrich JW, Leow MK, Goede SL, Midgley JE, Landgrafe G, Hoermann R. Do thyroid-stimulating hormone, body weight, or body mass index serve as adequate markers to guide levothyroxine dose titration? J Am Coll Surg. 2013 Oct;217(4):752-3. doi: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2013.06.008. No abstract available.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 24054412 (View on PubMed)

Dietrich JW, Landgrafe-Mende G, Wiora E, Chatzitomaris A, Klein HH, Midgley JE, Hoermann R. Calculated Parameters of Thyroid Homeostasis: Emerging Tools for Differential Diagnosis and Clinical Research. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2016 Jun 9;7:57. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2016.00057. eCollection 2016.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 27375554 (View on PubMed)

Dietrich JW, Midgley JEM, Hoermann R. Editorial: "Homeostasis and Allostasis of Thyroid Function". Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2018 Jun 5;9:287. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00287. eCollection 2018. No abstract available.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 29922229 (View on PubMed)

Berberich J, Dietrich JW, Hoermann R, Muller MA. Mathematical Modeling of the Pituitary-Thyroid Feedback Loop: Role of a TSH-T3-Shunt and Sensitivity Analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2018 Mar 21;9:91. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00091. eCollection 2018.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 29619006 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

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3718-10

Identifier Type: OTHER

Identifier Source: secondary_id

U1111-1122-3273

Identifier Type: REGISTRY

Identifier Source: secondary_id

DRKS00003153

Identifier Type: REGISTRY

Identifier Source: secondary_id

TFC-UK10

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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