Trial Outcomes & Findings for Virtual Reality Based Testing of Power Wheelchair Driving Skills (NCT NCT00951509)

NCT ID: NCT00951509

Last Updated: 2015-08-24

Results Overview

The computer-based and the virtual environments will be modeled after and scored similarly to the real world PMRT. The PMRT contains two domains: Structured Elements/Tasks and Unstructured Skilled Driving. The first domains contain 16 tasks that include activities such as passing through standard width doorways, and turning a ninety-degree turn, turning 180 degrees. In both domains, each task is scored from 1 to 4, depending on speed and the number of collisions that occur with obstacles. A total score for the entire test is calculated out of a possible 64 points, and the final score on the test reflects the percentage of total points acquired1. A passing score is a percentage of \> 95%.

Recruitment status

COMPLETED

Target enrollment

31 participants

Primary outcome timeframe

Baseline in-lab testing

Results posted on

2015-08-24

Participant Flow

The Institutional Review Boards of the Veteran Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System and the University of Pittsburgh approved the protocol for this research study. Participants were recruited at the 31st National Veterans Wheelchair Games (NVWG), VA Wheelchair clinic, and the UPMC Center of Assistive Technology.

Participant milestones

Participant milestones
Measure
Participants Who Qualified for the Study
All participants who qualified for the study, performed electric power wheelchair (EPW) driving under five driving conditions, while clinicians observed and assessed the EPW users' driving performance. The first four conditions were conducted in virtual environments (with different interfaces in each condition, as listed below) and condition 5 was conducted in the real world - Condition 1 - Desktop screens with no roller systems Condition 2- Desktop screens with roller systems Condition 3 - Immersive virtual reality screens with no roller systems Condition 4 - Immersive virtual reality screens with roller systems Condition 5 - Real world EPW driving
Overall Study
STARTED
31
Overall Study
Driving Condition 1
29
Overall Study
Driving Condition 2
29
Overall Study
Driving Condition 3
25
Overall Study
Driving Condition 4
28
Overall Study
Driving Condition 5
30
Overall Study
COMPLETED
29
Overall Study
NOT COMPLETED
2

Reasons for withdrawal

Reasons for withdrawal
Measure
Participants Who Qualified for the Study
All participants who qualified for the study, performed electric power wheelchair (EPW) driving under five driving conditions, while clinicians observed and assessed the EPW users' driving performance. The first four conditions were conducted in virtual environments (with different interfaces in each condition, as listed below) and condition 5 was conducted in the real world - Condition 1 - Desktop screens with no roller systems Condition 2- Desktop screens with roller systems Condition 3 - Immersive virtual reality screens with no roller systems Condition 4 - Immersive virtual reality screens with roller systems Condition 5 - Real world EPW driving
Overall Study
Withdrawal by Subject
2

Baseline Characteristics

Virtual Reality Based Testing of Power Wheelchair Driving Skills

Baseline characteristics by cohort

Baseline characteristics by cohort
Measure
All Subjects
n=31 Participants
Power Mobility Road Test (PMRT): All subjects were asked to complete the "real world" power mobility evaluation via the PMRT. Computer-Based Test: All subjects were asked to complete the computer-based evaluation designed to simulate real world driving in a 2D environment. Virtual Reality Test: All subjects were asked to complete the virtual-based evaluation designed to simulate real world driving in a 3D environment.
Age, Categorical
<=18 years
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
Age, Categorical
Between 18 and 65 years
31 Participants
n=5 Participants
Age, Categorical
>=65 years
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Female
7 Participants
n=5 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Male
24 Participants
n=5 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Hispanic or Latino
2 Participants
n=5 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Not Hispanic or Latino
29 Participants
n=5 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Unknown or Not Reported
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
American Indian or Alaska Native
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Asian
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Black or African American
14 Participants
n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
White
15 Participants
n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
More than one race
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Unknown or Not Reported
2 Participants
n=5 Participants
Region of Enrollment
United States
31 participants
n=5 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline in-lab testing

Population: Majority of the participants (41%) had a spectrum of multiple disabilities ranging from stroke, spinal stenosis, osteoarthritis, emphysema, and cerebral degeneration, followed by 11 participants (35%) with spinal cord injury.

The computer-based and the virtual environments will be modeled after and scored similarly to the real world PMRT. The PMRT contains two domains: Structured Elements/Tasks and Unstructured Skilled Driving. The first domains contain 16 tasks that include activities such as passing through standard width doorways, and turning a ninety-degree turn, turning 180 degrees. In both domains, each task is scored from 1 to 4, depending on speed and the number of collisions that occur with obstacles. A total score for the entire test is calculated out of a possible 64 points, and the final score on the test reflects the percentage of total points acquired1. A passing score is a percentage of \> 95%.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Condition 1
n=29 Participants
Power Mobility Road Test (PMRT): All subjects were evaluated using the PMRT in the five different conditions, and reliability was assessed using Intra-class Correlation (ICC) coefficients.There was no difference in the mean scores between the five different driving conditions.
Condition 2
n=29 Participants
Power Mobility Road Test (PMRT): All subjects were evaluated using the PMRT in the five different conditions, and reliability was assessed using Intra-class Correlation (ICC) coefficients.There was no difference in the mean scores between the five different driving conditions.
Condition 3
n=25 Participants
Power Mobility Road Test (PMRT): All subjects were evaluated using the PMRT in the five different conditions, and reliability was assessed using Intra-class Correlation (ICC) coefficients.There was no difference in the mean scores between the five different driving conditions.
Condition 4
n=28 Participants
Power Mobility Road Test (PMRT): All subjects were evaluated using the PMRT in the five different conditions, and reliability was assessed using Intra-class Correlation (ICC) coefficients.There was no difference in the mean scores between the five different driving conditions.
Condition 5
n=30 Participants
Power Mobility Road Test (PMRT): All subjects were evaluated using the PMRT in the five different conditions, and reliability was assessed using Intra-class Correlation (ICC) coefficients.There was no difference in the mean scores between the five different driving conditions.
Composite Power Mobility Road Test (PMRT) Scores
95.3 units on a scale
Standard Error 5.4
96.09 units on a scale
Standard Error 7.8
93.75 units on a scale
Standard Error 7.03
96.88 units on a scale
Standard Error 8.2
100 units on a scale
Standard Error 1.56

Adverse Events

Power Mobility Road Test

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Serious adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Other adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Additional Information

Rory Cooper, PhD

Human Engineering Research Labs

Phone: 412-822-3700

Results disclosure agreements

  • Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
  • Publication restrictions are in place