Using Virtual Reality to Train Children in Pedestrian Safety
NCT ID: NCT00850759
Last Updated: 2014-12-16
Study Results
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View full resultsBasic Information
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COMPLETED
PHASE3
240 participants
INTERVENTIONAL
2009-10-31
2014-03-31
Brief Summary
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Virtual reality (VR) offers a highly promising technique to train children in pedestrian safety skills. VR permits repeated unsupervised practice without risk of injury; automated feedback to children on success or failure in crossings; adjustment of traffic density and speed to match children's skill level; and an appealing and fun environment for training. The proposed research is designed to test the efficacy of virtual reality as a tool to train child pedestrians in safe street-crossing behavior.
A randomized controlled trial will be conducted with four equal-sized groups of children ages 7-8 (total N = 240). One group will receive training in an interactive and immersive virtual pedestrian environment. The virtual environment, already developed, has been demonstrated to have face, construct, and convergent validity. The second group will receive pedestrian safety training via video and computer strategies that are most widely used in American schools today. The third group will receive what is judged to be the most efficacious treatment currently available, individualized behavioral training at streetside locations. The fourth and final group will serve as a no-contact control group. All participants in all groups will be exposed to a range of field- and laboratory-based measures of pedestrian skill during baseline and post-intervention visits, as well as during a six-month follow-up assessment. Primary analyses will be conducted through linear mixed models designed to test change over time in the four intervention groups. We hypothesize all children in active learning groups will increase pedestrian safety skills, but the largest increase will be among children in the virtual reality group.
Detailed Description
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Conditions
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Keywords
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Study Design
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RANDOMIZED
PARALLEL
PREVENTION
NONE
Study Groups
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virtual reality
street-crossing training in a virtual pedestrian environment
virtual pedestrian environment
a computer-driven virtual pedestrian environment
computer and video
exposure to training in pedestrian safety via computer software, internet games, and television videos
computer and video
various computer-based and video-based programs such as Otto the Auto and WalkSafe
streetside training
one-on-one training in street-crossing skills by an adult, at a streetside location
streetside training
one-on-one training by an adult with the child at streetside locations, to teach children street-crossing skills
no-contact control
no-contact control group.
No interventions assigned to this group
Interventions
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virtual pedestrian environment
a computer-driven virtual pedestrian environment
computer and video
various computer-based and video-based programs such as Otto the Auto and WalkSafe
streetside training
one-on-one training by an adult with the child at streetside locations, to teach children street-crossing skills
Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria
Exclusion Criteria
* visual or perceptual impairment (e.g., blindness) that are uncorrected and would prevent valid participation in protocol
* physical impairment (e.g., use of wheelchair) that would prevent valid participation in protocol
* cognitive impairment (e.g., moderate mental retardation) that would prevent valid participation in protocol
7 Years
8 Years
ALL
Yes
Sponsors
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National Institutes of Health (NIH)
NIH
University of Alabama at Birmingham
OTHER
Responsible Party
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David Schwebel
Professor of Psychology and Associate Dean for Research in the Sciences
Principal Investigators
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David C Schwebel, PhD
Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
University of Alabama at Birmingham
Locations
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UAB Youth Safety Lab, University of Alabama at Birmingham
Birmingham, Alabama, United States
Countries
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References
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Schwebel DC, McClure LA. Using virtual reality to train children in safe street-crossing skills. Inj Prev. 2010 Feb;16(1):e1-5. doi: 10.1136/ip.2009.025288.
Schwebel DC, Davis AL, O'Neal EE. Child Pedestrian Injury: A Review of Behavioral Risks and Preventive Strategies. Am J Lifestyle Med. 2012 Jul;6(4):292-302. doi: 10.1177/0885066611404876. Epub 2011 Jun 17.
Other Identifiers
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F080715010
Identifier Type: -
Identifier Source: org_study_id