Exercise Training and Glucose Metabolism in Aging

Study Results

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Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

90 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2006-10-31

Study Completion Date

2012-06-30

Brief Summary

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Diabetes and its associated complications affect more than 20 million Americans, and the prevalence of type 2 diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance rises dramatically with age such that 40% of Americans over age 60 are affected. In older adults, glucose metabolism may be affected by reduced skeletal muscle capillary supply, which limits insulin, glucose, and oxygen delivery to skeletal muscle. Reduced capillary supply to skeletal muscle is found in older individuals with impaired glucose tolerance and we hypothesize that this is due to reduced vascular growth factor expression, and chronic inflammation. Further, we hypothesize that reversal of a sedentary lifestyle through aerobic exercise training will increase insulin signaling and vascular growth factor expression, as well as decrease inflammation, to increase capillary supply to skeletal muscle, which contributes to improved glucose metabolism in older adults. This study will: 1) Determine the mechanisms underlying reduced skeletal muscle capillarization in older adults with impaired glucose tolerance; and 2) Determine the effect of aerobic exercise training-induced increases in skeletal muscle capillarization on glucose metabolism in older adults.

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Detailed Description

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Conditions

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Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Impaired Glucose Tolerance (Prediabetes)

Study Design

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Allocation Method

NON_RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Primary Study Purpose

PREVENTION

Blinding Strategy

NONE

Study Groups

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Arm 1

Older adults, normal glucose tolerance

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Aerobic exercise training

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

24 weeks of aerobic exercise training: 3 times per week, 60 minutes per session, at 70% of maximal aerobic capacity

Detraining (cessation of exercise)

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Cessation of exercise for 2 weeks

Arm 2

Older adults, impaired glucose tolerance

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Aerobic exercise training

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

24 weeks of aerobic exercise training: 3 times per week, 60 minutes per session, at 70% of maximal aerobic capacity

Detraining (cessation of exercise)

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Cessation of exercise for 2 weeks

Interventions

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Aerobic exercise training

24 weeks of aerobic exercise training: 3 times per week, 60 minutes per session, at 70% of maximal aerobic capacity

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Detraining (cessation of exercise)

Cessation of exercise for 2 weeks

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* Age 50-75 years
* Non-smoker \>2 years
* Body mass index = 18-35 kg/m2

Exclusion Criteria

* History of CAD or cerebrovascular disease that would preclude exercise
* Implantable defibrillator
* Active cancer
* Chronic pulmonary, thyroid, renal, liver, or hematological disease
* HIV positive or prone to malnutrition
* Sickle cell anemia
* Type 1 diabetes, or currently on medication to treat type 2 diabetes
* Poorly-controlled type 2 diabetes
* Poorly-controlled hypertension
* Taking medications including: beta-blockers, oral steroids, warfarin, certain statins, hormone replacement therapy (HRT), oral contraceptives (OCP), thiazolidinediones (TZD), or chronic steroids or nonsteroidal analgesics (NSAIDS) that may not be safely discontinued temporarily for specific procedures (i.e. for 72 hours prior)
* Allergic to lidocaine or heparin
* Recent weight change (\>5kg in 3 months)
* Currently pregnant or nursing
* Physical impairment limiting exercise
* Dementia or unstable clinical depression

Minimum Eligible Age

50 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

75 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes