Study of the Safety, Efficacy and Cycle Control of a Contraceptive Vaginal Ring
NCT ID: NCT00455156
Last Updated: 2026-01-23
Study Results
Results available
Outcome measurements, participant flow, baseline characteristics, and adverse events have been published for this study.
View full resultsBasic Information
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Recruitment Status
COMPLETED
Clinical Phase
PHASE3
Total Enrollment
1200 participants
Study Classification
INTERVENTIONAL
Study Start Date
2006-12-31
Study Completion Date
2011-09-30
Brief Summary
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The purpose of this study is to evaluate the one-year data on the contraceptive efficacy and safety of the 150/15 NES/EE CVR as the basis for regulatory approvals of this CVR as a new delivery system for contraception.
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Detailed Description
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There continues to be a need to develop additional long-term user controlled contraceptives. Consistent with this need, contraceptive vaginal rings (CVR) delivering synthetic estrogen and progestin hormones have been developed to provide certain advantages over available methods of hormonal contraception. Scientists at the Population Council (PC) have performed preliminary 1-year studies on an investigational CVR that releases effective doses of synthetic estrogen and progestin hormones. This CVR contains ethinyl estradiol (EE), an approved, marketed hormonal product and Nestoroneâ (NES), an investigational, new chemical entity for which there are considerable clinical data from NES formulations used in transdermal systems, implants and CVRs. A potent 19-nor progesterone derivative, NES is not active orally, but is effective when administered via non-oral routes such as vaginal rings, implants, and transdermal systems. The CVR delivery system currently under investigation contains low doses of both steroids (15µg EE and 150µg NES respectively), provides a relatively steady release rate without requiring daily administration or attention to provide the desired contraceptive effect and achieve regular menstrual cycles. Because this CVR does not require daily oral intake of steroids, it avoids the daily high concentrations of steroids to which the liver is exposed when there is repetitive, once a day administration via the oral route. After insertion of the CVR into the vagina, steroids are rapidly absorbed by vaginal tissues, pass into the general circulation, achieve a steady state by day 4, and ultimately inhibit ovulation. In the beginning of the first cycle, however, there is a "burst" effect that lasts about 48 hours and is caused by accumulation of steroids on the silastic walls of the ring following storage subsequent to manufacturing. Based on in vitro studies with this CVR and preliminary pharmacokinetic studies, this effect decreases significantly in subsequent cycles. Pharmacokinetic studies to confirm this finding are ongoing. After three weeks of use, the user removes the ring for a week to induce withdrawal bleeding, and then reinserts it on a three-weeks-in/one-week-out cyclic regimen.
The progestin used in this new contraceptive system, NES, is a 19-nor progesterone derivative. It was selected for its high anti-ovulatory potency at low doses and its potential to decrease side effects usually observed with 19-nor testosterone derived progestins. In vitro studies have demonstrated that it binds selectively to progesterone receptors, and does not bind to androgen receptors. Although it binds to the glucocorticoid receptor, in vivo assays indicate no biological activity at low doses. NES also does not bind to estrogen receptors, and based on studies conducted in women using implants containing NES alone, it does not modify greatly the lipid profiles. When combined with estrogen, further data was obtained in a Phase 2, open label study comparing effects of the NES/EE CVR on estrogen-dependent liver proteins vs. those of an OC that used an androgenic progestin (LNG). Data revealed a significant increase in HDL associated with the CVR versus a decrease with the OC. In addition, data from this study demonstrated that when NES is administered vaginally with EE in the CVR, the impact on hepatic metabolism is similar to administration of EE via the oral routes with both hormonal products producing similar increases in angiotensinogen. The CVR, however, resulted in a significantly greater increase in SHBG and significantly greater decrease in protein S suggesting that due to its non-androgenic properties, NES does not counterbalance the EE effects on hepatic factors and that EE has an impact on liver proteins whether delivered vaginally or orally. Therefore, the same cautions and contraindications that apply to OCs relative to risks for thromboembolic events are likely to apply to CVRs containing EE and NES. Since there is no single marker that is known to predict such events, clinical experience and surveillance of women using new hormonal methods are required to clarify this question.
The dose selected for the CVR in the present study is based on a one-year randomized, Phase 2 clinical trial comparing three different doses, i.e. 150/15, 150/20 and 200/15µg on a 21/7 days in/out schedule. All doses showed efficacy, good bleeding control and a satisfactory safety profile, therefore the lowest effective dose, 150/15µg, was selected. Luteal activity \[progesterone \>10nmol/L (\>3ng/ml)\] occurred in 14 (12%) of 114 monitored cycles for the 50 women who comprised the group using 150/15µg dose. In a second study of 6 months duration, 150/15µg rings were used on the 21/7 vs. a 26/4-day regimen. In these two studies, users of the 150/15µg rings with the 21/7 schedules were observed for a total of 61.5 woman years. No pregnancies occurred in the 150/15µg 21/7 groups. Overall in the two studies that used this regimen, fewer than 10% of cycles measured for progesterone levels had any indication of luteal activity \[progesterone \>10nmol/L (\>3ng/ml)\], suggesting that this ring and this schedule suppresses ovulation to an effective degree. Weight was significantly correlated with luteal activity with women weighing \>90kg showing increased rates of luteal activity.
The progestin used in this new contraceptive system, NES, is a 19-nor progesterone derivative. It was selected for its high anti-ovulatory potency at low doses and its potential to decrease side effects usually observed with 19-nor testosterone derived progestins. In vitro studies have demonstrated that it binds selectively to progesterone receptors, and does not bind to androgen receptors. Although it binds to the glucocorticoid receptor, in vivo assays indicate no biological activity at low doses. NES also does not bind to estrogen receptors, and based on studies conducted in women using implants containing NES alone, it does not modify greatly the lipid profiles. When combined with estrogen, further data was obtained in a Phase 2, open label study comparing effects of the NES/EE CVR on estrogen-dependent liver proteins vs. those of an OC that used an androgenic progestin (LNG). Data revealed a significant increase in HDL associated with the CVR versus a decrease with the OC. In addition, data from this study demonstrated that when NES is administered vaginally with EE in the CVR, the impact on hepatic metabolism is similar to administration of EE via the oral routes with both hormonal products producing similar increases in angiotensinogen. The CVR, however, resulted in a significantly greater increase in SHBG and significantly greater decrease in protein S suggesting that due to its non-androgenic properties, NES does not counterbalance the EE effects on hepatic factors and that EE has an impact on liver proteins whether delivered vaginally or orally. Therefore, the same cautions and contraindications that apply to OCs relative to risks for thromboembolic events are likely to apply to CVRs containing EE and NES. Since there is no single marker that is known to predict such events, clinical experience and surveillance of women using new hormonal methods are required to clarify this question.
The dose selected for the CVR in the present study is based on a one-year randomized, Phase 2 clinical trial comparing three different doses, i.e. 150/15, 150/20 and 200/15µg on a 21/7 days in/out schedule. All doses showed efficacy, good bleeding control and a satisfactory safety profile, therefore the lowest effective dose, 150/15µg, was selected. Luteal activity \[progesterone \>10nmol/L (\>3ng/ml)\] occurred in 14 (12%) of 114 monitored cycles for the 50 women who comprised the group using 150/15µg dose. In a second study of 6 months duration, 150/15µg rings were used on the 21/7 vs. a 26/4-day regimen. In these two studies, users of the 150/15µg rings with the 21/7 schedules were observed for a total of 61.5 woman years. No pregnancies occurred in the 150/15µg 21/7 groups. Overall in the two studies that used this regimen, fewer than 10% of cycles measured for progesterone levels had any indication of luteal activity \[progesterone \>10nmol/L (\>3ng/ml)\], suggesting that this ring and this schedule suppresses ovulation to an effective degree. Weight was significantly correlated with luteal activity with women weighing \>90kg showing increased rates of luteal activity.
Conditions
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Contraception
Study Design
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Allocation Method
NA
Intervention Model
SINGLE_GROUP
Primary Study Purpose
PREVENTION
Blinding Strategy
NONE
Study Groups
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150/15 NES/EE CVR
150 mg of Nestorone and 15 mg of ethinyl estradiol (150/15 NES/EE CVR), administered via vaginal ring, used on a 21/7 days in/out schedule for no more than one year.
Group Type
EXPERIMENTAL
150 mg of Nestorone and 15 mg of ethinyl estradiol (150/15 NES/EE CVR)
Intervention Type
DRUG
150 mg of Nestorone and 15 mg of ethinyl estradiol (150/15 NES/EE CVR), administered via vaginal ring, used on a 21/7 days in/out schedule for no more than one year.
Interventions
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150 mg of Nestorone and 15 mg of ethinyl estradiol (150/15 NES/EE CVR)
150 mg of Nestorone and 15 mg of ethinyl estradiol (150/15 NES/EE CVR), administered via vaginal ring, used on a 21/7 days in/out schedule for no more than one year.
Intervention Type
DRUG
Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria
* Healthy women, aged 18-\<40 years who wish to use a combined hormonal contraceptive.
* Women not intending to become pregnant for 13 months.
* Intact uterus and both ovaries.
* Prior history of regular menstrual cycles of 28 ± 7 days when not using hormonal contraception; if postpartum or postabortal, history of regular menstrual cycles of 21-35 days in length and at least one cycle (2 menses) with a cycle length consistent with her past cycles.
* Sexually active (currently) and willing to discontinue current contraceptive method to participate in the study.
* In the opinion of the investigator, able to comply with the protocol, e.g. live within the study site catchment area or within a reasonable distance from the site.
* Women not intending to become pregnant for 13 months.
* Intact uterus and both ovaries.
* Prior history of regular menstrual cycles of 28 ± 7 days when not using hormonal contraception; if postpartum or postabortal, history of regular menstrual cycles of 21-35 days in length and at least one cycle (2 menses) with a cycle length consistent with her past cycles.
* Sexually active (currently) and willing to discontinue current contraceptive method to participate in the study.
* In the opinion of the investigator, able to comply with the protocol, e.g. live within the study site catchment area or within a reasonable distance from the site.
Exclusion Criteria
* Signed informed consent prior to entry into the trial.
* Known hypersensitivity to estrogens or progestins.
* Known hypersensitivity to silicone rubber.
* Known or suspected pregnancy.
* History of infertility of \>1.0 year in woman or her male partner.
* History of vasectomy or sterility in male partner; tubal ligation (sterilization) in women
* Undiagnosed abnormal genital bleeding.
* Undiagnosed vaginal discharge or vaginal lesions or abnormalities. (Subjects diagnosed at screening with Chlamydia or gonorrhea may be included in the trial following treatment; partner treatment is also recommended. Investigators should make a determination if subjects are at high risk for reinfection, e.g. multiple sex partners, untreated partner, and whether such subjects can be included.)
* History of pelvic inflammatory disease since last pregnancy episode.
* History of toxic shock syndrome.
* Current abnormal Pap smear (women who have abnormal Paps but are ASCUS HPV negative may participate provided there is follow up for this finding per standard of care).
* Cystoceles or rectoceles or other anatomical abnormality that would preclude use of a vaginal ring.
* Women planning to undergo major surgery.
* Smoking in women who are 35 years and over or will be 35 years during the course of the trial; Women \< 35 years who smoke 15 cigarettes or more must be evaluated by the PI for inclusion based on risk factors that would increase their risk for CVD, e.g. lipid levels, glucose level, BP, BMI, family history of CVD at a young age.
* Breastfeeding.
* Current or past thrombophlebitis or thromboembolic disorders.
* History of venous thrombosis or embolism in a first-degree relative \<55 years of age suggesting familial defect in blood coagulation system, which in the opinion of the principal investigator, suggests use of a hormonal contraceptive could pose a significant risk.
* Cerebrovascular or cardiovascular disease.
* History of retinal vascular lesions, unexplained partial or complete loss of vision.
* Known or suspected carcinoma of the breast.
* Carcinoma of the endometrium or other known or suspected estrogen-dependent neoplasia.
* Past history of any other carcinoma unless in remission for more than 5 years.
* Current or past medically diagnosed severe depression, which, in the opinion of the investigator, could be exacerbated by use of a hormonal contraceptive.
* Headaches with focal neurological symptoms.
* Severe constipation.
* History of cholestatic jaundice of pregnancy or jaundice with prior steroid use.
* Benign or malignant liver tumors; active liver disease.
* Diastolic blood pressure (BP) ³85 mm Hg and/or systolic BP ³135 mm Hg after 5-10 minutes rest.
* Known or suspected alcoholism or drug abuse.
* Abnormal serum chemistry values according to the physician's judgment.
* Participation in another clinical trial within last 30 days.
* Weight \>95 kg or \>209 lbs.
* Use of liver enzyme inducers on a regular basis.
* Use of monthly injectable contraceptives (e.g. cyclofem) unless suspended 2 months before initiation of treatment. Use of Depo-Proveraâ \[depo-medroxyprogesterone (DMPA)\] unless suspended 6 months before treatment.
* Current use of implanted hormonal contraceptives, including Mirenaâ \[progestin containing intrauterine system (IUS)\], Jadelleâ, Norplantâ or Implanonâ (subjects using any of these methods who request removal for reasons unrelated to the purpose of enrollment in this study may be considered for participation).
* Current use of a non-hormonal IUD. Subjects with IUDs who request removal for reasons unrelated to the purpose of enrollment in this study may be considered for participation.
* Known HIV infection.
* Women at high risk of contracting HIV, e.g. women with multiple sex partners who need to use condoms consistently, injection drug users. If women enrolled in the study do use condoms to protect against STIs, they should be instructed that this occasional use should be with non-N-9 containing condoms and they should record condom use in their diaries. Women found to have an STI at screening will be treated prior to inclusion in the study (with the exception of those infected with HIV).
* Known hypersensitivity to estrogens or progestins.
* Known hypersensitivity to silicone rubber.
* Known or suspected pregnancy.
* History of infertility of \>1.0 year in woman or her male partner.
* History of vasectomy or sterility in male partner; tubal ligation (sterilization) in women
* Undiagnosed abnormal genital bleeding.
* Undiagnosed vaginal discharge or vaginal lesions or abnormalities. (Subjects diagnosed at screening with Chlamydia or gonorrhea may be included in the trial following treatment; partner treatment is also recommended. Investigators should make a determination if subjects are at high risk for reinfection, e.g. multiple sex partners, untreated partner, and whether such subjects can be included.)
* History of pelvic inflammatory disease since last pregnancy episode.
* History of toxic shock syndrome.
* Current abnormal Pap smear (women who have abnormal Paps but are ASCUS HPV negative may participate provided there is follow up for this finding per standard of care).
* Cystoceles or rectoceles or other anatomical abnormality that would preclude use of a vaginal ring.
* Women planning to undergo major surgery.
* Smoking in women who are 35 years and over or will be 35 years during the course of the trial; Women \< 35 years who smoke 15 cigarettes or more must be evaluated by the PI for inclusion based on risk factors that would increase their risk for CVD, e.g. lipid levels, glucose level, BP, BMI, family history of CVD at a young age.
* Breastfeeding.
* Current or past thrombophlebitis or thromboembolic disorders.
* History of venous thrombosis or embolism in a first-degree relative \<55 years of age suggesting familial defect in blood coagulation system, which in the opinion of the principal investigator, suggests use of a hormonal contraceptive could pose a significant risk.
* Cerebrovascular or cardiovascular disease.
* History of retinal vascular lesions, unexplained partial or complete loss of vision.
* Known or suspected carcinoma of the breast.
* Carcinoma of the endometrium or other known or suspected estrogen-dependent neoplasia.
* Past history of any other carcinoma unless in remission for more than 5 years.
* Current or past medically diagnosed severe depression, which, in the opinion of the investigator, could be exacerbated by use of a hormonal contraceptive.
* Headaches with focal neurological symptoms.
* Severe constipation.
* History of cholestatic jaundice of pregnancy or jaundice with prior steroid use.
* Benign or malignant liver tumors; active liver disease.
* Diastolic blood pressure (BP) ³85 mm Hg and/or systolic BP ³135 mm Hg after 5-10 minutes rest.
* Known or suspected alcoholism or drug abuse.
* Abnormal serum chemistry values according to the physician's judgment.
* Participation in another clinical trial within last 30 days.
* Weight \>95 kg or \>209 lbs.
* Use of liver enzyme inducers on a regular basis.
* Use of monthly injectable contraceptives (e.g. cyclofem) unless suspended 2 months before initiation of treatment. Use of Depo-Proveraâ \[depo-medroxyprogesterone (DMPA)\] unless suspended 6 months before treatment.
* Current use of implanted hormonal contraceptives, including Mirenaâ \[progestin containing intrauterine system (IUS)\], Jadelleâ, Norplantâ or Implanonâ (subjects using any of these methods who request removal for reasons unrelated to the purpose of enrollment in this study may be considered for participation).
* Current use of a non-hormonal IUD. Subjects with IUDs who request removal for reasons unrelated to the purpose of enrollment in this study may be considered for participation.
* Known HIV infection.
* Women at high risk of contracting HIV, e.g. women with multiple sex partners who need to use condoms consistently, injection drug users. If women enrolled in the study do use condoms to protect against STIs, they should be instructed that this occasional use should be with non-N-9 containing condoms and they should record condom use in their diaries. Women found to have an STI at screening will be treated prior to inclusion in the study (with the exception of those infected with HIV).
Minimum Eligible Age
18 Years
Maximum Eligible Age
39 Years
Eligible Sex
FEMALE
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Yes
Sponsors
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Population Council
OTHER
Sponsor Role
collaborator
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD)
NIH
Sponsor Role
collaborator
Premier Research
OTHER
Sponsor Role
lead
Responsible Party
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Kimberly Myer
Senior Program Director, NICHD
Responsibility Role
PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
Principal Investigators
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Diana L. Blithe, PH.D.
Role: STUDY_DIRECTOR
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD)
Locations
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California Family Health Council
Los Angeles, California, United States
Site Status
University of Colorado - Adv. Repro. Med.
Denver, Colorado, United States
Site Status
University of Kentucky
Lexington, Kentucky, United States
Site Status
Contraceptive Research and Programs
Baltimore, Maryland, United States
Site Status
Baystate Medical Center
Springfield, Massachusetts, United States
Site Status
NYU Medical Center Family Planning Division
New York, New York, United States
Site Status
Columbia University
New York, New York, United States
Site Status
University of Cincinnati College of Medicine
Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
Site Status
MacDonald Physicians, Inc.
Cleveland, Ohio, United States
Site Status
The Ohio State University
Columbus, Ohio, United States
Site Status
Oregon Health Sciences University
Portland, Oregon, United States
Site Status
University of Pennsylvania Medical Center
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
Site Status
Magee-Womens Hospital
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
Site Status
UT Southwestern Medical Center; Division of Community Women's Health Care
Dallas, Texas, United States
Site Status
Jones Institute of Repro Medicine, EVMS
Norfolk, Virginia, United States
Site Status
Countries
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United States
References
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Plagianos MG, Ramanadhan S, Merkatz RB, Brache V, Friedland BA, Haddad LB. Risk factors for and outcomes of ring expulsions with a 1-year contraceptive vaginal system. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2024 May;230(5):548.e1-548.e8. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2024.01.020. Epub 2024 Jan 29.
Reference Type
DERIVED
Vieira CS, Fraser IS, Plagianos MG, Burke AE, Westhoff CL, Jensen J, Brache V, Bahamondes L, Merkatz R, Sitruk-Ware R, Blithe DL. Bleeding profile associated with 1-year use of the segesterone acetate/ethinyl estradiol contraceptive vaginal system: pooled analysis from Phase 3 trials. Contraception. 2019 Dec;100(6):438-444. doi: 10.1016/j.contraception.2019.07.145. Epub 2019 Aug 6.
Reference Type
DERIVED
Archer DF, Merkatz RB, Bahamondes L, Westhoff CL, Darney P, Apter D, Jensen JT, Brache V, Nelson AL, Banks E, Bartfai G, Portman DJ, Plagianos M, Dart C, Kumar N, Creasy GW, Sitruk-Ware R, Blithe DL. Efficacy of the 1-year (13-cycle) segesterone acetate and ethinylestradiol contraceptive vaginal system: results of two multicentre, open-label, single-arm, phase 3 trials. Lancet Glob Health. 2019 Aug;7(8):e1054-e1064. doi: 10.1016/S2214-109X(19)30265-7. Epub 2019 Jun 20.
Reference Type
DERIVED
Huang Y, Merkatz RB, Hillier SL, Roberts K, Blithe DL, Sitruk-Ware R, Creinin MD. Effects of a One Year Reusable Contraceptive Vaginal Ring on Vaginal Microflora and the Risk of Vaginal Infection: An Open-Label Prospective Evaluation. PLoS One. 2015 Aug 12;10(8):e0134460. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134460. eCollection 2015.
Reference Type
DERIVED
Related Links
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https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31231065/
Efficacy paper
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30831102/
Safety paper
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31398307/
Safety paper
Other Identifiers
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CCN006
Identifier Type: OTHER
Identifier Source: secondary_id
CCN006
Identifier Type: -
Identifier Source: org_study_id
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