Efficacy of Betaine for Reduction of Urine Oxalate in Patients With Type 1 Primary Hyperoxaluria
NCT ID: NCT00283387
Last Updated: 2013-12-16
Study Results
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View full resultsBasic Information
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COMPLETED
PHASE2
15 participants
INTERVENTIONAL
2007-02-28
2011-09-30
Brief Summary
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Hypothesis:
Betaine will effectively reduce urine oxalate excretion in Primary Hyperoxaluria Type I patients.
Detailed Description
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Participants will be randomized to receive either betaine or placebo for the first 2 month arm of the study. Following 2 months of treatment and 2 months of washout, each participant will cross over to the other arm of the study. The other arm will consist of the participant being on 2 months of treatment of whatever they were not taking in the first arm (betaine vs. placebo). Neither the study staff nor the participant will know whether the participant is taking betaine for the first or second arm of the study, or the placebo for the first or second arm of the study. Only the pharmacy will know this.
Prior to the study, a complete history and physical examination, and baseline laboratory studies pertinent to the routine care of primary hyperoxaluria patients will be performed (Complete Blood Count (CBC) with differential, chemistry group, electrolytes, plasma oxalate and creatinine clearance, urinary supersaturation). All women capable of reproduction will receive a pregnancy test prior to enrollment.
Participant will complete two 24-hour urine collections for calcium oxalate super-saturation (includes 24-hour urine oxalate excretion) at baseline, inclusive of creatinine determination for assessment of completeness. They will then begin Cystadane anhydrous solution (12 grams/day in subjects younger than 10 years of age, and 20 grams/day in subjects 10 years of age and older, in two divided doses). These doses of betaine have been shown to effectively treat pediatric patients with VB6-resistant homocystinuria and reverse Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH) in adult patients, so we expect they will achieve sufficient intra-hepatocyte levels to have an effect in PHI.
A sample of each 24-hour urine will be stored frozen (-80ºC) to allow determination of indicators of oxidant stress, should urinary oxalate fall.
If effective, betaine could represent a new and safe treatment option for a subset of PHI patients, particularly those with either partially VB6 responsive or VB6 refractory hyperoxaluria, or those with adverse effects such as peripheral neuropathy from large doses of VB6. We do not anticipate any adverse medication effects specific to primary hyperoxaluria. However, as an extra safeguard for children with PHI, ten subjects older than 15 years of age will be tested first and if the agent is well tolerated in PHI patients, pediatric subjects older than 6 years of age will then be recruited for participation.
Conditions
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Keywords
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Study Design
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RANDOMIZED
CROSSOVER
TREATMENT
TRIPLE
Study Groups
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Betaine
Subjects were randomly assigned oral betaine 12 grams/day in subjects younger than 10 years of age, and 20 grams/day in subjects 10 years of age and older, in two divided doses. This was followed by a 2 month washout period. Subjects then received the alternative study medication, oral lactose placebo, in two doses daily, for 2 months.
Betaine
Subjects were randomly assigned oral betaine 12 grams/day in subjects younger than 10 years of age, and 20 grams/day in subjects 10 years of age and older, in two divided doses, for 2 months.
Placebo
Subjects received oral lactose placebo, in two doses daily, for 2 months.
Placebo
Subjects were randomly assigned to receive oral lactose placebo, in two doses daily, for 2 months. This was followed by a 2 month washout period. Subjects then received the alternative study medication, oral betaine 12 grams/day in subjects younger than 10 years of age, and 20 grams/day in subjects 10 years of age and older, in two divided doses, for 2 months.
Betaine
Subjects were randomly assigned oral betaine 12 grams/day in subjects younger than 10 years of age, and 20 grams/day in subjects 10 years of age and older, in two divided doses, for 2 months.
Placebo
Subjects received oral lactose placebo, in two doses daily, for 2 months.
Interventions
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Betaine
Subjects were randomly assigned oral betaine 12 grams/day in subjects younger than 10 years of age, and 20 grams/day in subjects 10 years of age and older, in two divided doses, for 2 months.
Placebo
Subjects received oral lactose placebo, in two doses daily, for 2 months.
Other Intervention Names
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria
2. Alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase (AGXT) genotype known
3. Hyperoxaluria not fully corrected by 3 months of continuous Vitamin B6 (VB6) at doses of 8 mg/kg/d or more
4. Males or females, 6-70 years of age, inclusive
5. Preserved renal function, as defined by measured glomerular filtration rate (GFR) \> 30 ml/min/1.73 m\^2
6. Sexually active female patients of childbearing potential must practice adequate contraception during the treatment period and for 6 months after discontinuation of therapy. A pregnancy test obtained at entry prior to the initiation of treatment must be negative. Female patients must not be breast-feeding. Sexually active male patients must practice acceptable methods of contraception during the treatment period and for 6 months after discontinuation of therapy.
7. Written informed consent for participation in this study.
Exclusion Criteria
2. Prior recipients of liver transplantation performed for correction of AGT deficiency.
3. Pregnancy or breastfeeding
4. Unwillingness of patient and/or partner to use contraception during treatment.
5. Malignant disease (other than non-melanoma skin cancer) in the previous two years.
6. Markedly reduced renal function (Stage IV Chronic Kidney Disease or measured or estimated GFR \< 30 ml/min/1.73 m\^2)
7. Allergy to betaine or related compounds
8. History of papilledema or increased intracranial pressure.
6 Years
70 Years
ALL
No
Sponsors
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National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)
NIH
Orphan Europe
UNKNOWN
Mayo Clinic
OTHER
Responsible Party
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Mayo Clinic
Principal Investigators
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Carla G Monico, M.D.
Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
Mayo Clinic Hyperoxaluria Center, Rochester MN
Locations
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Mayo Clinic Hyperoxaluria Center
Rochester, Minnesota, United States
Countries
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References
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Barak AJ, Beckenhauer HC, Badakhsh S, Tuma DJ. The effect of betaine in reversing alcoholic steatosis. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1997 Sep;21(6):1100-2.
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Diamant S, Rosenthal D, Azem A, Eliahu N, Ben-Zvi AP, Goloubinoff P. Dicarboxylic amino acids and glycine-betaine regulate chaperone-mediated protein-disaggregation under stress. Mol Microbiol. 2003 Jul;49(2):401-10. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2958.2003.03553.x.
Levine DZ, Nash LA, Chan T, Dubrovskis AH. Proximal bicarbonate reabsorption during Ringer and albumin infusions in the rat. J Clin Invest. 1976 Jun;57(6):1490-7. doi: 10.1172/JCI108419.
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Monico CG, Rossetti S, Olson JB, Milliner DS. Pyridoxine effect in type I primary hyperoxaluria is associated with the most common mutant allele. Kidney Int. 2005 May;67(5):1704-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1523-1755.2005.00267.x.
Purdue PE, Takada Y, Danpure CJ. Identification of mutations associated with peroxisome-to-mitochondrion mistargeting of alanine/glyoxylate aminotransferase in primary hyperoxaluria type 1. J Cell Biol. 1990 Dec;111(6 Pt 1):2341-51. doi: 10.1083/jcb.111.6.2341.
Rantanen I, Nicander I, Jutila K, Ollmar S, Tenovuo J, Soderling E. Betaine reduces the irritating effect of sodium lauryl sulfate on human oral mucosa in vivo. Acta Odontol Scand. 2002 Oct;60(5):306-10. doi: 10.1080/00016350260248292.
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Schwahn BC, Hafner D, Hohlfeld T, Balkenhol N, Laryea MD, Wendel U. Pharmacokinetics of oral betaine in healthy subjects and patients with homocystinuria. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2003 Jan;55(1):6-13. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2125.2003.01717.x.
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Holme E, Kjellman B, Ronge E. Betaine for treatment of homocystinuria caused by methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase deficiency. Arch Dis Child. 1989 Jul;64(7):1061-4. doi: 10.1136/adc.64.7.1061.
Wilcken DE, Wilcken B, Dudman NP, Tyrrell PA. Homocystinuria--the effects of betaine in the treatment of patients not responsive to pyridoxine. N Engl J Med. 1983 Aug 25;309(8):448-53. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198308253090802.
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McGregor DO, Dellow WJ, Robson RA, Lever M, George PM, Chambers ST. Betaine supplementation decreases post-methionine hyperhomocysteinemia in chronic renal failure. Kidney Int. 2002 Mar;61(3):1040-6. doi: 10.1046/j.1523-1755.2002.00199.x.
van Guldener C, Janssen MJ, de Meer K, Donker AJ, Stehouwer CD. Effect of folic acid and betaine on fasting and postmethionine-loading plasma homocysteine and methionine levels in chronic haemodialysis patients. J Intern Med. 1999 Feb;245(2):175-83. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2796.1999.00430.x.
van Guldener C, Lambert J, ter Wee PM, Donker AJ, Stehouwer CD. Carotid artery stiffness in patients with end-stage renal disease: no effect of long-term homocysteine-lowering therapy. Clin Nephrol. 2000 Jan;53(1):33-41.
Matthews A, Johnson TN, Rostami-Hodjegan A, Chakrapani A, Wraith JE, Moat SJ, Bonham JR, Tucker GT. An indirect response model of homocysteine suppression by betaine: optimising the dosage regimen of betaine in homocystinuria. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2002 Aug;54(2):140-6. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2125.2002.01620.x.
Surtees R, Bowron A, Leonard J. Cerebrospinal fluid and plasma total homocysteine and related metabolites in children with cystathionine beta-synthase deficiency: the effect of treatment. Pediatr Res. 1997 Nov;42(5):577-82. doi: 10.1203/00006450-199711000-00004.
Wendel U, Bremer HJ. Betaine in the treatment of homocystinuria due to 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase deficiency. Eur J Pediatr. 1984 Jun;142(2):147-50. doi: 10.1007/BF00445602.
Devlin AM, Hajipour L, Gholkar A, Fernandes H, Ramesh V, Morris AA. Cerebral edema associated with betaine treatment in classical homocystinuria. J Pediatr. 2004 Apr;144(4):545-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2003.12.041.
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Related Links
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Mayo Clinic Hyperoxaluria Center (disease web page)
Oxalosis and Hyperoxaluria Foundation
Other Identifiers
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2147-05
Identifier Type: -
Identifier Source: org_study_id