Albright Hereditary Osteodystrophy: Natural History, Growth, and Cognitive/Behavioral Assessments

NCT ID: NCT00209235

Last Updated: 2025-05-28

Basic Information

• Recruitment Status: RECRUITING
• Clinical Phase: NA
• Total Enrollment: 600 participants
• Study Classification: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Start Date: 2003-01-31
• Study Completion Date: 2030-12-31

Brief Summary

We, the researchers, are following the natural history of Albright hereditary osteodystrophy. We have found that growth hormone deficiency is very common in patients with pseudohypoparathyroidism type 1A, which falls under the broader condition termed Albright hereditary osteodystrophy. Patients with pseudohypoparathyroidism type 1A typically are short and obese. Some of these patients are not short during childhood, but due to a combination of factors, they end up short as adults. We are evaluating the effect of growth hormone treatment in those patients with pseudohypoparathyroidism type 1A who are found to be growth hormone deficient (under R01 FD002568, IND 67148, which ended); those who are growth hormone sufficient and were found to have a positive clinical response to growth hormone in a prior clinical trial (under R01 FD00FD003409, IND 67148, which ended); or those who meet the criteria of idiopathic short stature or SGA.

We are also evaluating neurocognitive and psychosocial functioning in participants with AHO in order to determine the specific impairments that are most common in the condition and to determine the best approach toward management.

Funding source -- Growth hormone study: FDA OOPD [R01 FD003409 (which has ended) and R01 FD002568 (which has ended)] Cognitive/behavior: NICHD R21 HD078864 (which has ended)

Detailed Description

Pseudohypoparathyroidism type 1A (PHP1A) is a disorder that causes many endocrine and developmental problems. To date, medical treatment has focused primarily on maintenance of normal serum levels of calcium, phosphorous, and thyroid hormone. However, these therapeutic interventions do not address the problems of short stature, obesity, and subcutaneous ossifications, which for many are a source of considerable morbidity and personal distress. These patients require frequent medical care, blood tests, and medication adjustments. PHP1A is an inherited condition with an estimated prevalence in the United States of 1:15,000- 20,000, and the studies that we propose provide an opportunity to improve the quality of life in affected patients. We have found that growth hormone (GH) deficiency is common in these patients, and our data suggest that GH testing should be part of their routine standard of care. We are investigating whether GH treatment can increase final adult height. We are also investigating whether GH treatment can reduce weight and improve a variety of metabolic disturbances and overall health in both children and adults.

GH deficiency not only leads to short stature and obesity, but also to osteoporosis, hyperlipidemia, depressed cardiac and renal function, as well as an overall lack of energy. It is quite possible that treatment of GH-deficient patients with PHP1A could improve any or all of the above problems. GH treatment has been FDA approved for use in both children and adults with GH deficiency. Therefore, it may be possible to provide improvement in health and overall quality of life in these patients.

Additionally, we completed a study in which we treated children with PHP1A who are not GH deficient (i.e., GH sufficient). The rationale is that GH treatment could maximize linear growth velocity prior to the premature bone fusion that occurs in this condition and potentially improve final adult height. The supply of growth hormone has ended for this study, and we are following those participants who were in this study and received the growth hormone supply. Some of these patients remain on growth hormone as per clinical care secondary to their responses.

This study also seeks to define the specific neurocognitive and psychosocial disabilities in individuals with AHO in order to develop therapies and improve quality of life. AHO includes two subtypes: pseudohypoparathyroidism type 1A (PHP1A) and pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism (PPHP).

Conditions

Pseudohypoparathyroidism Type 1A; Albright Hereditary Osteodystrophy; Pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism

Study Design

• Allocation Method: NA
• Intervention Model: SINGLE_GROUP
• Primary Study Purpose: OTHER
• Blinding Strategy: NONE

Study Groups

AHO:neurocognitive and pyschosocial

Neurocognitive and psychosocial testing

Group Type: EXPERIMENTAL

Neurocognitive and psychosocial testing

Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL

Neurocognitive and psychosocial testing

Interventions

Neurocognitive and psychosocial testing

Neurocognitive and psychosocial testing

Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL

Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion Criteria

• Diagnosis of pseudohypoparathyroidism type 1A with mutation confirmation
• For the portion of the study in which growth hormone is used for participants who are not growth hormone deficient (ie., growth hormone sufficient), the participant must be over 3 years of age (ie., after 3rd birthday) AND also be pre-pubertal at the time of GH initiation.
• As of now, the growth hormone sufficient participants must meet the FDA-approved criteria for idiopathic short stature or the SGA indication.

Therefore, for all participants enrolling in the growth hormone portion of this study as of now, the growth hormone is used according to FDA-approved indications, and growth hormone use is according to standard of care clinical guidelines.

Exclusion:

• Absence of above diagnosis and failure to meet above criteria

• Confirmed diagnosis of Pseudohypoparathyroidism type 1A and Pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism with mutation confirmation
• Ages 4 - 65 yrs

Exclusion:

• Absence of above

• Confirmed diagnosis of Pseudohypoparathyroidism type 1A or Pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism with mutation confirmation
• Ages 0.2 yrs - 89 yrs

Exclusion:

• Absence of above

• Minimum Eligible Age: 2 Months
• Maximum Eligible Age: 89 Years
• Eligible Sex: ALL
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Sponsors

Johns Hopkins University

OTHER

Sponsor Role: collaborator

Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, Inc.

OTHER

Sponsor Role: collaborator

UConn Health

OTHER

Sponsor Role: collaborator

Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD)

NIH

Sponsor Role: collaborator

Connecticut Children's Medical Center

OTHER

Sponsor Role: lead

Responsible Party

Emily Germain-Lee

Prof of Pediatrics & Prof of Reconstructive Sciences, Director of Albright Center, Head of Academic Affairs & Research, Pediatric Endocrinology

Responsibility Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

Emily L Germain-Lee, MD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Connecticut Children's Medical Ctr. and Univ. of Connecticut School of Medicine

Locations

Connecticut Children's Medical Center

Hartford, Connecticut, United States

Site Status: RECRUITING

Countries

United States

Central Contacts

Emily L Germain-Lee, MD

Role: CONTACT

egermain@connecticutchildrens.org

860-837-6719

Facility Contacts

Emily L Germain-Lee, MD

Role: primary

egermain@connecticutchildrens.org

860-837-6719

References

Germain-Lee EL, Groman J, Crane JL, Jan de Beur SM, Levine MA. Growth hormone deficiency in pseudohypoparathyroidism type 1a: another manifestation of multihormone resistance. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003 Sep;88(9):4059-69. doi: 10.1210/jc.2003-030028.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 12970262 (View on PubMed)

Germain-Lee EL, Ding CL, Deng Z, Crane JL, Saji M, Ringel MD, Levine MA. Paternal imprinting of Galpha(s) in the human thyroid as the basis of TSH resistance in pseudohypoparathyroidism type 1a. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2002 Aug 9;296(1):67-72. doi: 10.1016/s0006-291x(02)00833-1.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 12147228 (View on PubMed)

Germain-Lee EL, Schwindinger W, Crane JL, Zewdu R, Zweifel LS, Wand G, Huso DL, Saji M, Ringel MD, Levine MA. A mouse model of albright hereditary osteodystrophy generated by targeted disruption of exon 1 of the Gnas gene. Endocrinology. 2005 Nov;146(11):4697-709. doi: 10.1210/en.2005-0681. Epub 2005 Aug 11.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 16099856 (View on PubMed)

Levine MA, Germain-Lee E, Jan de Beur S. Genetic basis for resistance to parathyroid hormone. Horm Res. 2003;60 Suppl 3:87-95. doi: 10.1159/000074508.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 14671404 (View on PubMed)

Jan de Beur S, Ding C, Germain-Lee E, Cho J, Maret A, Levine MA. Discordance between genetic and epigenetic defects in pseudohypoparathyroidism type 1b revealed by inconsistent loss of maternal imprinting at GNAS1. Am J Hum Genet. 2003 Aug;73(2):314-22. doi: 10.1086/377136. Epub 2003 Jul 11.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 12858292 (View on PubMed)

Huso DL, Edie S, Levine MA, Schwindinger W, Wang Y, Juppner H, Germain-Lee EL. Heterotopic ossifications in a mouse model of albright hereditary osteodystrophy. PLoS One. 2011;6(6):e21755. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021755. Epub 2011 Jun 29.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 21747923 (View on PubMed)

Myllyla RM, Haapasaari KM, Palatsi R, Germain-Lee EL, Hagg PM, Ignatius J, Tuukkanen J. Multiple miliary osteoma cutis is a distinct disease entity: four case reports and review of the literature. Br J Dermatol. 2011 Mar;164(3):544-52. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2010.10121.x. Epub 2011 Feb 17.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 21062265 (View on PubMed)

Mantovani G, Bastepe M, Monk D, de Sanctis L, Thiele S, Usardi A, Ahmed SF, Bufo R, Choplin T, De Filippo G, Devernois G, Eggermann T, Elli FM, Freson K, Garcia Ramirez A, Germain-Lee EL, Groussin L, Hamdy N, Hanna P, Hiort O, Juppner H, Kamenicky P, Knight N, Kottler ML, Le Norcy E, Lecumberri B, Levine MA, Makitie O, Martin R, Martos-Moreno GA, Minagawa M, Murray P, Pereda A, Pignolo R, Rejnmark L, Rodado R, Rothenbuhler A, Saraff V, Shoemaker AH, Shore EM, Silve C, Turan S, Woods P, Zillikens MC, Perez de Nanclares G, Linglart A. Diagnosis and management of pseudohypoparathyroidism and related disorders: first international Consensus Statement. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2018 Aug;14(8):476-500. doi: 10.1038/s41574-018-0042-0.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 29959430 (View on PubMed)

Mantovani G, Bastepe M, Monk D, de Sanctis L, Thiele S, Ahmed SF, Bufo R, Choplin T, De Filippo G, Devernois G, Eggermann T, Elli FM, Garcia Ramirez A, Germain-Lee EL, Groussin L, Hamdy NAT, Hanna P, Hiort O, Juppner H, Kamenicky P, Knight N, Le Norcy E, Lecumberri B, Levine MA, Makitie O, Martin R, Martos-Moreno GA, Minagawa M, Murray P, Pereda A, Pignolo R, Rejnmark L, Rodado R, Rothenbuhler A, Saraff V, Shoemaker AH, Shore EM, Silve C, Turan S, Woods P, Zillikens MC, Perez de Nanclares G, Linglart A. Recommendations for Diagnosis and Treatment of Pseudohypoparathyroidism and Related Disorders: An Updated Practical Tool for Physicians and Patients. Horm Res Paediatr. 2020;93(3):182-196. doi: 10.1159/000508985. Epub 2020 Aug 5.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 32756064 (View on PubMed)

Crane JL, Shamblott MJ, Axelman J, Hsu S, Levine MA, Germain-Lee EL. Imprinting status of Galpha(s), NESP55, and XLalphas in cell cultures derived from human embryonic germ cells: GNAS imprinting in human embryonic germ cells. Clin Transl Sci. 2009 Oct;2(5):355-60. doi: 10.1111/j.1752-8062.2009.00148.x.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 20443919 (View on PubMed)

Germain-Lee EL. Short stature, obesity, and growth hormone deficiency in pseudohypoparathyroidism type 1a. Pediatr Endocrinol Rev. 2006 Apr;3 Suppl 2:318-27.

Reference Type: RESULT

PMID: 16675931 (View on PubMed)

Long DN, McGuire S, Levine MA, Weinstein LS, Germain-Lee EL. Body mass index differences in pseudohypoparathyroidism type 1a versus pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism may implicate paternal imprinting of Galpha(s) in the development of human obesity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007 Mar;92(3):1073-9. doi: 10.1210/jc.2006-1497. Epub 2006 Dec 12.

Reference Type: RESULT

PMID: 17164301 (View on PubMed)

Hsu SC, Groman JD, Merlo CA, Naughton K, Zeitlin PL, Germain-Lee EL, Boyle MP, Cutting GR. Patients with mutations in Gsalpha have reduced activation of a downstream target in epithelial tissues due to haploinsufficiency. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007 Oct;92(10):3941-8. doi: 10.1210/jc.2007-0271. Epub 2007 Jul 24.

Reference Type: RESULT

PMID: 17652219 (View on PubMed)

Plagge A, Kelsey G, Germain-Lee EL. Physiological functions of the imprinted Gnas locus and its protein variants Galpha(s) and XLalpha(s) in human and mouse. J Endocrinol. 2008 Feb;196(2):193-214. doi: 10.1677/JOE-07-0544.

Reference Type: RESULT

PMID: 18252944 (View on PubMed)

Long DN, Levine MA, Germain-Lee EL. Bone mineral density in pseudohypoparathyroidism type 1a. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010 Sep;95(9):4465-75. doi: 10.1210/jc.2010-0498. Epub 2010 Jul 7.

Reference Type: RESULT

PMID: 20610593 (View on PubMed)

Joseph AW, Shoemaker AH, Germain-Lee EL. Increased prevalence of carpal tunnel syndrome in albright hereditary osteodystrophy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011 Jul;96(7):2065-73. doi: 10.1210/jc.2011-0013. Epub 2011 Apr 27.

Reference Type: RESULT

PMID: 21525160 (View on PubMed)

Muniyappa R, Warren MA, Zhao X, Aney SC, Courville AB, Chen KY, Brychta RJ, Germain-Lee EL, Weinstein LS, Skarulis MC. Reduced insulin sensitivity in adults with pseudohypoparathyroidism type 1a. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2013 Nov;98(11):E1796-801. doi: 10.1210/jc.2013-1594. Epub 2013 Sep 12.

Reference Type: RESULT

PMID: 24030943 (View on PubMed)

Lin MH, Numbenjapon N, Germain-Lee EL, Pitukcheewanont P. Progressive osseous heteroplasia, as an isolated entity or overlapping with Albright hereditary osteodystrophy. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2015 Jul;28(7-8):911-8. doi: 10.1515/jpem-2014-0435.

Reference Type: RESULT

PMID: 25894639 (View on PubMed)

Salemi P, Skalamera Olson JM, Dickson LE, Germain-Lee EL. Ossifications in Albright Hereditary Osteodystrophy: Role of Genotype, Inheritance, Sex, Age, Hormonal Status, and BMI. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2018 Jan 1;103(1):158-168. doi: 10.1210/jc.2017-00860.

Reference Type: RESULT

PMID: 29059381 (View on PubMed)

Germain-Lee EL. Management of pseudohypoparathyroidism. Curr Opin Pediatr. 2019 Aug;31(4):537-549. doi: 10.1097/MOP.0000000000000783.

Reference Type: RESULT

PMID: 31145125 (View on PubMed)

McMullan P, Maye P, Yang Q, Rowe DW, Germain-Lee EL. Parental Origin of Gsalpha Inactivation Differentially Affects Bone Remodeling in a Mouse Model of Albright Hereditary Osteodystrophy. JBMR Plus. 2021 Nov 16;6(1):e10570. doi: 10.1002/jbm4.10570. eCollection 2022 Jan.

Reference Type: RESULT

PMID: 35079678 (View on PubMed)

McMullan P, Germain-Lee EL. Aberrant Bone Regulation in Albright Hereditary Osteodystrophy dueto Gnas Inactivation: Mechanisms and Translational Implications. Curr Osteoporos Rep. 2022 Feb;20(1):78-89. doi: 10.1007/s11914-022-00719-w. Epub 2022 Feb 28.

Reference Type: RESULT

PMID: 35226254 (View on PubMed)

Krishnan N, McMullan P, Yang Q, Buscarello AN, Germain-Lee EL. Prevalence of Chiari malformation type 1 is increased in pseudohypoparathyroidism type 1A and associated with aberrant bone development. PLoS One. 2023 Jan 20;18(1):e0280463. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280463. eCollection 2023.

Reference Type: RESULT

PMID: 36662765 (View on PubMed)

Related Links

https://www.connecticutchildrens.org/about-us/find-a-doctor/emily-l-germain-lee-md/

website for Dr. Germain-Lee's clinical trials and research

http://facultydirectory.uchc.edu/profile?profileId=Germain-Lee-Emily

website for Dr. Germain-Lee's UConn Health profile

Other Identifiers

R21HD078864

Identifier Type: NIH

Identifier Source: secondary_id

View Link

16-110

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id