Community Intervention Trial for Youth (CITY) Study

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

PHASE2/PHASE3

Total Enrollment

12000 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

1996-10-31

Study Completion Date

2004-08-31

Brief Summary

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The purpose of this study is to test whether a multi-component, community-level, HIV-prevention intervention is more effective than existing HIV prevention activities in reducing unprotected anal intercourse (UAI) among men ages 15-25 who have sex with men.

Detailed Description

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In recent years, there have been increases in the rates of unprotected anal intercourse (UAI) reported by men who have sex with men (MSM) and in the numbers of newly diagnosed HIV infections among MSM. Surveys of young MSM (ages 15-29) in numerous U.S. cities from 1994-2000 found an HIV prevalence of 2.2% to 18%, however, HIV prevalence was higher among young MSM of color than among white men. In a survey of 23-29 year-old MSM,nearly 1/3 of African-American men and 15% of Hispanic/Latino men were infected with HIV.

The Community Intervention Trial for Youth (CITY) study is a 13-community randomized control trial designed to evaluate a multi-component, community-level intervention for MSM ages 15-25 (i.e., young MSM or YMSM). All 13 communities have some form of HIV-prevention activities naturally occurring in their jurisdiction, but 6 of the 13 communities were randomly assigned to also receive the multi-component intervention (1 additional city served as a case study and also received the intervention). This intervention includes 4 components: 1) community health advisor network (CHAN) consisting of YMSM who conduct outreach to their peers, including linking other YMSM to community services and conducting other parts of the intervention; 2) social marketing, to include the use media to disseminate HIV risk-reduction messages and promote positive norms for safer sex; 3) large group events with an HIV prevention theme; and 4) small group activities/workshops that focus on increasing HIV prevention skills and enhancing a positive self-identity.

The study population varies by site based on the specific racial or ethnic groups of YMSM that are targeted. African-American YMSM are the study population in Atlanta, Georgia (comparison site); Birmingham, Alabama (intervention site); and Chicago, Illinois (intervention site). Hispanic/Latino YMSM are the study population in Washington Heights/South Bronx, New York (intervention site); Jackson Heights/Queens, New York (comparison site); Orange County, California (intervention site); and San Gabriel Valley, California (comparison site). Asian and Pacific Islander YMSM are the study population in Seattle, Washington (intervention site) and San Diego, California (comparison site). YMSM regardless or race/ethnicity are the study population in Milwaukee, Wisconsin (intervention site); Detroit, Michigan (comparison site), Minneapolis, Minnesota (comparison site); and West Hollywood, California (intervention site).

The primary goals of the intervention are to 1) decrease UAI with any male partners; 2) decrease UAI with main male partners; and 3) decrease UAI with non-main (i.e., casual) male partners. Using a venue-based, time/space sampling strategy in each community, cross-sectional samples of YMSM were interviewed from May-August across 4 years (1999-2002). Data collected in 1999 and 2000 were prior to the implementation of the multi-component intervention, and data collected in 2001 and 2002 were during the implementation of the intervention.

Conditions

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HIV Infections

Keywords

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Homosexuality, Male Adolescents Minority Groups Community Participation Community Surveys HIV Seronegativity HIV

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Primary Study Purpose

PREVENTION

Blinding Strategy

NONE

Interventions

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Community-Level Intervention

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* 15-25 years of age
* reports having sexual contact with another man in the past year
* meets the race/ethnicity eligibility criteria for the particular community

Minimum Eligible Age

15 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

25 Years

Eligible Sex

MALE

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Responsible Party

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Responsibility Role SPONSOR

Principal Investigators

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Carolyn A Guenther-Grey, M.A.

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Locations

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University of Alabama - Birmingham

Birmingham, Alabama, United States

Site Status

Childrens Hospital Los Angeles

Los Angeles, California, United States

Site Status

University of California-San Francisco, Center for AIDS Prevention Studies

San Francisco, California, United States

Site Status

Georgia State University

Atlanta, Georgia, United States

Site Status

University of Illinois at Chicago

Chicago, Illinois, United States

Site Status

Education Development Center

Newton, Massachusetts, United States

Site Status

University of Minnesota Youth and AIDS Projects

Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States

Site Status

Medical College of Wisconsin, Center for AIDS Intervention Research

Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States

Site Status

Countries

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United States

References

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Agronick G, O'Donnell L, Stueve A, Doval AS, Duran R, Vargo S. Sexual behaviors and risks among bisexually- and gay-identified young Latino men. AIDS Behav. 2004 Jun;8(2):185-97. doi: 10.1023/B:AIBE.0000030249.11679.d0.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

PMID: 15187480 (View on PubMed)

Choi KH, Yep GA, Kumekawa E. HIV prevention among Asian and Pacific Islander American men who have sex with men: a critical review of theoretical models and directions for future research. AIDS Educ Prev. 1998 Jun;10(3 Suppl):19-30.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

PMID: 9642428 (View on PubMed)

Choi KH, Kumekawa E, Dang Q, Kegeles SM, Hays RB, Stall R. Risk and protective factors affecting sexual behavior among young Asian and Pacific Islander men who have sex with men: Implications for HIV prevention. Journal of Sex Education and Therapy, 24(1&2): 47-55, 1999.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

Choi KH, Han CS, Hudes ES, Kegeles S. Unprotected sex and associated risk factors among young Asian and Pacific Islander men who have sex with men. AIDS Educ Prev. 2002 Dec;14(6):472-81. doi: 10.1521/aeap.14.8.472.24114.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

PMID: 12512848 (View on PubMed)

Guenther-Grey CA, Varnell S, Weiser JI, Mathy RM, O'Donnell L, Stueve A, Remafedi G; Community Intervention Trial for Youth Study Team. Trends in sexual risk-taking among urban young men who have sex with men, 1999-2002. J Natl Med Assoc. 2005 Jul;97(7 Suppl):38S-43S.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

PMID: 16080456 (View on PubMed)

Hart T, Peterson JL; Community Intervention Trial for Youth Study Team. Predictors of risky sexual behavior among young African American men who have sex with men. Am J Public Health. 2004 Jul;94(7):1122-4. doi: 10.2105/ajph.94.7.1122.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

PMID: 15226130 (View on PubMed)

Mashburn AJ, Peterson JL, Bakeman R, Miller RL, Clark LF, and the Community Intervention Trial for Youth Study Team. Influences on HIV testing among young African-American men who have sex with men and the moderating effect of the geographic setting. Journal of Community Psychology 32(1): 45-60, 2004.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

Miller RL, Bedney BJ, Guenther-Grey C; CITY Project Study Team. Assessing organizational capacity to deliver HIV prevention services collaboratively: tales from the field. Health Educ Behav. 2003 Oct;30(5):582-600. doi: 10.1177/1090198103255327.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

PMID: 14582599 (View on PubMed)

Muhib FB, Lin LS, Stueve A, Miller RL, Ford WL, Johnson WD, Smith PJ; Community Intervention Trial for Youth Study Team. A venue-based method for sampling hard-to-reach populations. Public Health Rep. 2001;116 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):216-22. doi: 10.1093/phr/116.S1.216.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

PMID: 11889287 (View on PubMed)

O'Donnell L, Agronick G, San Doval A, Duran R, Myint-U A, Stueve A. Ethnic and gay community attachments and sexual risk behaviors among urban Latino young men who have sex with men. AIDS Educ Prev. 2002 Dec;14(6):457-71. doi: 10.1521/aeap.14.8.457.24109.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

PMID: 12512847 (View on PubMed)

Peterson JL, Bakeman R, Stokes J, and the Community Intervention Trial for Youth Study Team. Racial/ethnic patterns of HIV sexual risk behaviors among young men who have sex with men. Journal of the Gay and Lesbian Medical Association 5(4): 155-162, 2001.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

Remafedi G. Suicidality in a venue-based sample of young men who have sex with men. J Adolesc Health. 2002 Oct;31(4):305-10. doi: 10.1016/s1054-139x(02)00405-6.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

PMID: 12359375 (View on PubMed)

Seal DW, Bloom FR, Somlai AM. Dilemmas in conducting qualitative sex research in applied field settings. Health Educ Behav. 2000 Feb;27(1):10-23. doi: 10.1177/109019810002700102.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

PMID: 10709789 (View on PubMed)

Seal DW, Kelly JA, Bloom FR, Stevenson LY, Coley BI, Broyles LA. HIV prevention with young men who have sex with men: what young men themselves say is needed. Medical College of Wisconsin CITY Project Research Team. AIDS Care. 2000 Feb;12(1):5-26. doi: 10.1080/09540120047431.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

PMID: 10716014 (View on PubMed)

Stueve A, O'Donnell LN, Duran R, San Doval A, Blome J. Time-space sampling in minority communities: results with young Latino men who have sex with men. Am J Public Health. 2001 Jun;91(6):922-6. doi: 10.2105/ajph.91.6.922.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

PMID: 11392935 (View on PubMed)

Stueve A, O'Donnell L, Duran R, San Doval A, Geier J; Community Intervention Trial for Youth Study Team. Being high and taking sexual risks: findings from a multisite survey of urban young men who have sex with men. AIDS Educ Prev. 2002 Dec;14(6):482-95. doi: 10.1521/aeap.14.8.482.24108.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

PMID: 12512849 (View on PubMed)