Frequency of Parenteral and Non-Parenteral Exposures to Blood Among Healthcare Workers at the Clinical Center, NIH and at Seven Academic Hospitals in Japan

NCT ID: NCT00001712

Last Updated: 2008-03-04

Basic Information

• Recruitment Status: COMPLETED
• Total Enrollment: 3400 participants
• Study Classification: OBSERVATIONAL
• Study Start Date: 1998-02-28
• Study Completion Date: 2005-10-31

Brief Summary

Following guidelines issued by the Centers for Disease Control, the Clinical Center implemented a Universal Precautions policy in November 1987 in an attempt to reduce healthcare workers' risks for occupational exposures to bloodborne pathogens. All hospital personnel whose jobs entailed potential exposure to patients' blood and body substances were required to attend a training session and complete a written examination. Based on data from surveys conducted before and twelve months after training in Universal Precautions, the frequency of cutaneous exposure to blood decreased by 50% in temporal association with implementation of Universal Precautions. Staff at the Clinical Center are required to take a refresher course in Universal Precautions annually.

The prevalence of bloodborne infections is high in Japan; however, Universal Precautions are not widely practiced in Japan. This study is designed: 1) to evaluate and compare nurses' knowledge of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, occupational risks, and appropriate prevention strategies for managing patients infected with bloodborne pathogens in the healthcare setting in seven university hospitals in Japan and at the Clinical Center of the National Institutes of Health in the US; 2) to compare self-reported levels of compliance with existing infection control recommendations designed to limit risk for exposure to bloodborne pathogens in all four institutions; 3) to compare self-reported frequencies of cutaneous exposures to blood at the four hospitals in the study; and 4) to evaluate the effect of educational intervention on nurses perceived compliance with recommendations and on the frequency of self-reported exposures to blood.

Detailed Description

Following guidelines issued by the Centers for Disease Control, the Clinical Center implemented a Universal Precautions policy in November 1987 in an attempt to reduce healthcare workers' risks for occupational exposures to bloodborne pathogens. All hospital personnel whose jobs entailed potential exposure to patients' blood and body substances were required to attend a training session and complete a written examination. Based on data from surveys conducted before and twelve months after training in Universal Precautions, the frequency of cutaneous exposure to blood decreased by 50% in temporal association with implementation of Universal Precautions. Staff at the Clinical Center are required to take a refresher course in Universal Precautions annually.

The prevalence of bloodborne infections is high in Japan; however, Universal Precautions are not widely practiced in Japan. This study is designed: 1) to evaluate and compare nurses' knowledge of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, occupational risks, and appropriate prevention strategies for managing patients infected with bloodborne pathogens in the healthcare setting in seven university hospitals in Japan and at the Clinical Center of the National Institutes of Health in the US; 2) to compare self-reported levels of compliance with existing infection control recommendations designed to limit risk for exposure to bloodborne pathogens in all four institutions; 3) to compare self-reported frequencies of cutaneous exposures to blood at the four hospitals in the study; and 4) to evaluate the effect of educational intervention on nurses perceived compliance with recommendations and on the frequency of self-reported exposures to blood.

Conditions

Hepatitis B; Hepatitis C; HIV Infection

Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion Criteria

Nurses who work in the four cooperating institutions who have clinical responsibilities.

• Eligible Sex: ALL
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Sponsors

National Institutes of Health Clinical Center (CC)

NIH

Sponsor Role: lead

Locations

National Institutes of Health Clinical Center (CC)

Bethesda, Maryland, United States

Countries

United States

References

Fahey BJ, Koziol DE, Banks SM, Henderson DK. Frequency of nonparenteral occupational exposures to blood and body fluids before and after universal precautions training. Am J Med. 1991 Feb;90(2):145-53.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 1996583 (View on PubMed)

Willy ME, Dhillon GL, Loewen NL, Wesley RA, Henderson DK. Adverse exposures and universal precautions practices among a group of highly exposed health professionals. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 1990 Jul;11(7):351-6. doi: 10.1086/646186.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 2376660 (View on PubMed)

Beekmann SE, Vlahov D, Koziol DE, McShalley ED, Schmitt JM, Henderson DK. Temporal association between implementation of universal precautions and a sustained, progressive decrease in percutaneous exposures to blood. Clin Infect Dis. 1994 Apr;18(4):562-9. doi: 10.1093/clinids/18.4.562.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 8038311 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

98-CC-0066

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: secondary_id

980066

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id