Effects of Music Application and Gum Chewing on Pain, Anxiety, and Patient Satisfaction During Episiotomy Repair

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

NOT_YET_RECRUITING

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

60 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2026-01-31

Study Completion Date

2026-05-28

Brief Summary

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Lacerations and episiotomies are serious procedures requiring surgical stitches. Therefore, pain occurs during episiotomy repair. Pain during episiotomy repair also causes anxiety, which in turn exacerbates pain. The goal of pain management is to alleviate pain without experiencing side effects. Midwives and nurses responsible for labor management play an active role in the use of nonpharmacological interventions to manage pain and anxiety during episiotomy repair.

No studies in the literature have been found that combine music and chewing gum during episiotomy repair. This study aims to determine the effects of music and chewing gum during episiotomy repair on pain, anxiety, and patient satisfaction.

This study will be to determine the effects of music and chewing gum during episiotomy repair on pain, anxiety, and patient satisfaction.

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Detailed Description

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Midwives and nurses responsible for labor management play an active role in the use of nonpharmacological interventions to manage pain and anxiety during episiotomy repair.

This study will be a three-group randomized controlled trial to determine the effects of music and chewing gum during episiotomy repair on pain, anxiety, and patient satisfaction.

Research Location and Time Research data collection will be conducted in the delivery room at Adana City Training and Research Hospital between December 2025 and February 2026.

2.3. Research Population and Sample The research population will consist of women who underwent vaginal delivery and episiotomy repair in the delivery room at Adana Training and Research Hospital who meet the study criteria. The research sample will be calculated using a power analysis following a preliminary study (10 music groups, 10 chewing gum groups, and 10 control groups)

Data Collection Tools Data will be a Pregnancy Information Form, a Labor Monitoring Form, Visual Analog Scale (VAS) Pain Score , the State Anxiety Inventory and the Patient Perception of Nursing Care Scale.

Data Collection: Pregnant women participating in the study will be administered an informed consent form, a Pregnancy Information Form, and a Labor Monitoring Form during the first stage of labor. In our study, the VAS pain score will be administered four times: before the episiotomy, during the internal episiotomy repair (suturing at the hymenal ring level), during the external episiotomy repair, and one hour after the episiotomy.

Research Implementation Process After obtaining written and verbal consent from the pregnant women, they will be assigned to the previously determined groups through randomization.

Randomization The name of each group (Music Group, Chewing Gum Group, and Control Group) will be written on a piece of paper, and the group numbers (1, 2, and 3) will be determined by lottery. To ensure randomization in the study, a random number table will be created by entering the number of samples (sample numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, etc.) on the site www.random.org/ and dividing the participants into three groups.

Intervention Group Implementation Steps The music and chewing gum application and other data forms will be introduced to the pregnant women at the beginning of the active phase. Pregnant women participating in the study will be asked to choose relaxing music from an international platform that utilizes the sounds of relaxing music therapies.

Music group protocol: Women in the music group will listen to their preferred music using an connected to speakers in the delivery room between the beginning and end of the episiotomy repair (15-20 minutes).

Chewing Gum group protocol: Women assigned to the chewing gum group will chew plain gum between the beginning and end of the episiotomy repair (15-20 minutes).

Control group implementation steps Pregnant women in the control group will be administered an informed consent form, a Pregnancy Information Form, and a Labor Monitoring Form during the active phase of the first stage.

Data Evaluation Data obtained from the study will be analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS 23.0) for Windows.

Conditions

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Pain Anxiety Patient Satisfaction

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

The study will be conducted as a three-group randomized controlled study to determine the effects of music and chewing gum on pain, anxiety, and patient satisfaction during the episiotomy repair procedure.

Randomization The name of each group (Music Group, Chewing Gum Group, and Control Group) will be written on a piece of paper, and the group number (1, 2, and 3) will be determined by drawing lots. To ensure randomization in the study, numbers equal to the sample size (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, etc.) will be entered on the website www.random.org/ and divided into three groups, creating a random number table. The numbers in the columns determined on the website random.org/ will then be entered in the diagram below the group number determined by drawing lots. Pregnant women arriving at the delivery room and enrolled in the study will be assigned to the group they were in (Music Group, Chewing Gum Group, and Control Group) in the order they arrived.

Intervention Group Implementation Step

Primary Study Purpose

SUPPORTIVE_CARE

Blinding Strategy

TRIPLE

Caregivers Investigators Outcome Assessors

Study Groups

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Music group

Women in the music group will listen to their preferred music using an Music Headphones connected to speakers in the delivery room between the beginning and end of the episiotomy repair (15-20 minutes).

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Music

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

No studies in the literature have investigated the use of music and chewing gum during episiotomy repair, nor the difference between them.

Gum Chewing group

Women in the music group will listen to their preferred music using an Music Headphones connected to speakers in the delivery room between the beginning and end of the episiotomy repair (15-20 minutes).

Gum group protocol: Women assigned to the gum group will chew plain gum between the beginning and end of the episiotomy repair (15-20 minutes). They will be asked to chew the same brand of easy-to-chew, sugar-free gum that does not contain sorbitol or xylitol. Sugar-free gum is preferred to avoid the risk of GI problems if swallowed with sorbitol-containing gum, and the risk of diarrhea if consumed in excess with xylitol. Given the risk of aspiration while chewing gum, the woman will be positioned in a semi-fowler position.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Gum Chewing

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Women assigned to the gum group will chew plain gum between the beginning and end of the episiotomy repair (15-20 minutes). They will be asked to chew the same brand of easy-to-chew, sugar-free gum that does not contain sorbitol or xylitol. Sugar-free gum is preferred to avoid the risk of GI problems if swallowed with sorbitol-containing gum, and the risk of diarrhea if consumed in excess with xylitol. Given the risk of aspiration while chewing gum, the woman will be positioned in a semi-fowler position.

Control group

Pregnant women in the control group will be administered an informed consent form, a pregnant information form, and a labor monitoring form during the active phase of the first stage. Pregnant women in the control group will not deviate from routine procedures performed in the delivery room.

Group Type NO_INTERVENTION

No interventions assigned to this group

Interventions

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Music

No studies in the literature have investigated the use of music and chewing gum during episiotomy repair, nor the difference between them.

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Gum Chewing

Women assigned to the gum group will chew plain gum between the beginning and end of the episiotomy repair (15-20 minutes). They will be asked to chew the same brand of easy-to-chew, sugar-free gum that does not contain sorbitol or xylitol. Sugar-free gum is preferred to avoid the risk of GI problems if swallowed with sorbitol-containing gum, and the risk of diarrhea if consumed in excess with xylitol. Given the risk of aspiration while chewing gum, the woman will be positioned in a semi-fowler position.

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* Study participation criteria

* Women aged 18-49,
* Primiparous,
* Having a medio-lateral episiotomy,
* Having a singleton pregnancy,
* Vertex presentation,
* Having given birth vaginally,
* Having an episiotomy length of 4-5 cm,
* Having an uncomplicated newborn,
* Volunteering to participate in the study,
* Being able to speak and understand Turkish.

Exclusion Criteria

* Women who experienced deep lacerations (anal sphincter injuries, 3rd and 4th degree lacerations) during labor,
* Those who underwent operative delivery (with vacuum or forceps),
* Those with visual, hearing, or sensory impairments,
* Those who were not diagnosed with a psychiatric disorder but had problems,
* Those diagnosed with a high-risk pregnancy,
* Those who had any signs of infection, such as vaginal redness or swelling,
* Those who developed complications during any stage of labor,
* Women with chronic illnesses (diabetes mellitus, thyroid disease, and hypertension) will not be included in the study.

Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

49 Years

Eligible Sex

FEMALE

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes