App-Based Self-Management for Somatic Symptom Disorder and MUS: A Pilot Study

NCT ID: NCT07296406

Last Updated: 2025-12-22

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

Get a concise snapshot of the trial, including recruitment status, study phase, enrollment targets, and key timeline milestones.

Recruitment Status

ENROLLING_BY_INVITATION

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

110 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2024-05-24

Study Completion Date

2026-05-23

Brief Summary

Review the sponsor-provided synopsis that highlights what the study is about and why it is being conducted.

Objectives The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of an eight-week self-management mobile application for adults experiencing somatic symptom disorder (SSD) or medically unexplained symptoms (MUS). Improvement will be assessed using the PHQ-15. The secondary objective is to examine changes in clinical symptoms and physiological indicators following app use, as well as to assess the acceptability and usability of the intervention.

Scientific Rationale Somatic symptoms without clear medical explanation account for 15-30% of primary care visits (Peveler et al., 1997; Fink et al., 1999; Ko et al., 2011). Diagnostic terminology has evolved from somatoform disorders in DSM-IV and MUS to SSD in DSM-5, which emphasizes distressing symptoms accompanied by maladaptive thoughts, emotions, or behaviors (Scott et al., 2022). SSD is frequently associated with alexithymia, emotional suppression, and difficulty regulating anger, consistent with theories of somatization as the bodily expression of unprocessed affect (Anuk \& Bahadir, 2017; Liu et al., 2011). These difficulties contribute to interpersonal impairment and excessive health care use, often resulting in frustration for clinicians (Orzechowska et al., 2020).

Psychological treatments, including CBT, MBSR, MBCT, and ACT, have demonstrated efficacy in reducing symptom burden across conditions such as IBS, fibromyalgia, tinnitus, and chronic fatigue (Hauge et al., 2015; Kikuchi et al., 2020; Roland et al., 2015). These therapies share mechanisms such as enhancing mind-body awareness, reducing physiological hyperarousal, and promoting adaptive coping and acceptance (Aktas et al., 2019; Jing et al., 2019). However, barriers to dissemination remain, as patients with SSD often reject psychological explanations, engage in medical shopping, and maintain strong somatic attributions (Brown, 2007; Harris et al., 2009).

Digital interventions offer a scalable solution by providing psychoeducation on mind-body connections, CBT- and mindfulness-based strategies, stress management tools, and behavioral monitoring in an accessible, daily-life format. Evidence suggests that internet- and app-based CBT programs can improve somatic distress and related outcomes, while also reducing treatment costs and improving adherence (Van et al., 2022).

Physiological measures such as heart rate variability (HRV) provide an objective biomarker of stress regulation. Lower HRV reflects reduced resilience and greater emotional dysregulation, while higher HRV indicates excessive arousal or impaired recovery. Despite theoretical links between autonomic regulation and somatization, few studies have examined HRV responses in SSD populations alongside psychological interventions. This study addresses that gap.

Study Design A randomized controlled trial will recruit 110 adults aged ≥19 years who report significant somatic distress. After screening and informed consent, participants will be randomly assigned (1:1) to intervention (n=55) or control (n=55) using an R-generated allocation table managed independently of investigators.

Baseline assessments include standardized questionnaires and HRV measurement. The intervention group will use the mobile application for eight weeks, while the control group will continue treatment as usual. After eight weeks, both groups will complete follow-up questionnaires and HRV measurement. Subsequently, the intervention group will discontinue app use, and the control group will be offered app access. An additional follow-up survey will be conducted online for both groups at 16 weeks.

Expected Impact This study will provide empirical evidence on the efficacy, usability, and acceptability of a digital intervention for SSD and MUS. By integrating self-management strategies with physiological monitoring, it aims to advance scalable, evidence-based approaches for a population that has historically been difficult to treat within traditional medical models.

Detailed Description

Dive into the extended narrative that explains the scientific background, objectives, and procedures in greater depth.

Conditions

See the medical conditions and disease areas that this research is targeting or investigating.

Somatic Symptom Disorder

Study Design

Understand how the trial is structured, including allocation methods, masking strategies, primary purpose, and other design elements.

Allocation Method

NON_RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Randomized, open-label, parallel assignment trial with two arms (intervention vs. waitlist). Participants in the intervention group will use the mobile application for 8 weeks (V1-V2) followed by a 8-week follow-up period without app use (V2-V3). Participants in the waitlist control group will receive usual care for the first 8 weeks (V1-V2), and then begin using the mobile application for 8 weeks (V2-V3).
Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

NONE

Open-label trial; no masking of participants, care providers, investigators, or outcome assessors.

Study Groups

Review each arm or cohort in the study, along with the interventions and objectives associated with them.

App Intervention Group

Participants in this group will use the mobile self-management application for somatic symptom disorder and medically unexplained symptoms for 8 weeks, in addition to receiving their usual care.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Arm I (App Intervention)

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Participants assigned to the intervention group will use a mobile self-management application designed for individuals with somatic symptom disorder and medically unexplained symptoms. The app delivers psychoeducation, CBT- and mindfulness-based therapeutic content, stress management tools, and behavioral monitoring over a 8-week period, in addition to participants' usual care.

Arm II (Waitlist Control)

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Participants in the control group will continue treatment as usual for 8 weeks without access to the mobile application. After completion of the 8-week primary endpoint, they will be offered access to the mobile application.

Waitlist Control Group

Participants in this group will continue treatment as usual for 8 weeks without access to the mobile application. After the primary 8-week period, they will be offered access to the application.

Group Type NO_INTERVENTION

No interventions assigned to this group

Interventions

Learn about the drugs, procedures, or behavioral strategies being tested and how they are applied within this trial.

Arm I (App Intervention)

Participants assigned to the intervention group will use a mobile self-management application designed for individuals with somatic symptom disorder and medically unexplained symptoms. The app delivers psychoeducation, CBT- and mindfulness-based therapeutic content, stress management tools, and behavioral monitoring over a 8-week period, in addition to participants' usual care.

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Arm II (Waitlist Control)

Participants in the control group will continue treatment as usual for 8 weeks without access to the mobile application. After completion of the 8-week primary endpoint, they will be offered access to the mobile application.

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Eligibility Criteria

Check the participation requirements, including inclusion and exclusion rules, age limits, and whether healthy volunteers are accepted.

Inclusion Criteria

* Adults aged 19 years or older
* PHQ-15 score of 4 or higher
* Presence of medically unexplained physical symptoms (MUS)
* No significant impairment in reading or writing ability
* Familiarity with smartphone and internet use

Exclusion Criteria

* Current diagnosis of substance use disorder (alcohol or drugs)
* Current diagnosis of schizophrenia or bipolar disorder, or presence of psychiatric symptoms deemed by the clinician to interfere with participation
* Currently receiving psychotherapy specifically for somatic symptoms
* Diagnosis of developmental disorders such as autism or intellectual disability, or evidence of significant cognitive impairment
* Any other medical condition deemed by the clinician to make participation inappropriate
* Inability to continue participation due to smartphone malfunction or lack of sufficient smartphone skills
Minimum Eligible Age

19 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

Meet the organizations funding or collaborating on the study and learn about their roles.

Gangnam Severance Hospital

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

Identify the individual or organization who holds primary responsibility for the study information submitted to regulators.

Jooyoung Oh

Clinical Associate Professor

Responsibility Role PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Locations

Explore where the study is taking place and check the recruitment status at each participating site.

Gangnam Severance Hospital

Seoul, , South Korea

Site Status

Countries

Review the countries where the study has at least one active or historical site.

South Korea

Other Identifiers

Review additional registry numbers or institutional identifiers associated with this trial.

3-2024-0119

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id