App-Based Self-Management for Somatic Symptom Disorder and MUS: A Pilot Study
NCT ID: NCT07296406
Last Updated: 2025-12-22
Study Results
The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.
Basic Information
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ENROLLING_BY_INVITATION
NA
110 participants
INTERVENTIONAL
2024-05-24
2026-05-23
Brief Summary
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Scientific Rationale Somatic symptoms without clear medical explanation account for 15-30% of primary care visits (Peveler et al., 1997; Fink et al., 1999; Ko et al., 2011). Diagnostic terminology has evolved from somatoform disorders in DSM-IV and MUS to SSD in DSM-5, which emphasizes distressing symptoms accompanied by maladaptive thoughts, emotions, or behaviors (Scott et al., 2022). SSD is frequently associated with alexithymia, emotional suppression, and difficulty regulating anger, consistent with theories of somatization as the bodily expression of unprocessed affect (Anuk \& Bahadir, 2017; Liu et al., 2011). These difficulties contribute to interpersonal impairment and excessive health care use, often resulting in frustration for clinicians (Orzechowska et al., 2020).
Psychological treatments, including CBT, MBSR, MBCT, and ACT, have demonstrated efficacy in reducing symptom burden across conditions such as IBS, fibromyalgia, tinnitus, and chronic fatigue (Hauge et al., 2015; Kikuchi et al., 2020; Roland et al., 2015). These therapies share mechanisms such as enhancing mind-body awareness, reducing physiological hyperarousal, and promoting adaptive coping and acceptance (Aktas et al., 2019; Jing et al., 2019). However, barriers to dissemination remain, as patients with SSD often reject psychological explanations, engage in medical shopping, and maintain strong somatic attributions (Brown, 2007; Harris et al., 2009).
Digital interventions offer a scalable solution by providing psychoeducation on mind-body connections, CBT- and mindfulness-based strategies, stress management tools, and behavioral monitoring in an accessible, daily-life format. Evidence suggests that internet- and app-based CBT programs can improve somatic distress and related outcomes, while also reducing treatment costs and improving adherence (Van et al., 2022).
Physiological measures such as heart rate variability (HRV) provide an objective biomarker of stress regulation. Lower HRV reflects reduced resilience and greater emotional dysregulation, while higher HRV indicates excessive arousal or impaired recovery. Despite theoretical links between autonomic regulation and somatization, few studies have examined HRV responses in SSD populations alongside psychological interventions. This study addresses that gap.
Study Design A randomized controlled trial will recruit 110 adults aged ≥19 years who report significant somatic distress. After screening and informed consent, participants will be randomly assigned (1:1) to intervention (n=55) or control (n=55) using an R-generated allocation table managed independently of investigators.
Baseline assessments include standardized questionnaires and HRV measurement. The intervention group will use the mobile application for eight weeks, while the control group will continue treatment as usual. After eight weeks, both groups will complete follow-up questionnaires and HRV measurement. Subsequently, the intervention group will discontinue app use, and the control group will be offered app access. An additional follow-up survey will be conducted online for both groups at 16 weeks.
Expected Impact This study will provide empirical evidence on the efficacy, usability, and acceptability of a digital intervention for SSD and MUS. By integrating self-management strategies with physiological monitoring, it aims to advance scalable, evidence-based approaches for a population that has historically been difficult to treat within traditional medical models.
Detailed Description
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Conditions
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Study Design
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NON_RANDOMIZED
PARALLEL
TREATMENT
NONE
Study Groups
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App Intervention Group
Participants in this group will use the mobile self-management application for somatic symptom disorder and medically unexplained symptoms for 8 weeks, in addition to receiving their usual care.
Arm I (App Intervention)
Participants assigned to the intervention group will use a mobile self-management application designed for individuals with somatic symptom disorder and medically unexplained symptoms. The app delivers psychoeducation, CBT- and mindfulness-based therapeutic content, stress management tools, and behavioral monitoring over a 8-week period, in addition to participants' usual care.
Arm II (Waitlist Control)
Participants in the control group will continue treatment as usual for 8 weeks without access to the mobile application. After completion of the 8-week primary endpoint, they will be offered access to the mobile application.
Waitlist Control Group
Participants in this group will continue treatment as usual for 8 weeks without access to the mobile application. After the primary 8-week period, they will be offered access to the application.
No interventions assigned to this group
Interventions
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Arm I (App Intervention)
Participants assigned to the intervention group will use a mobile self-management application designed for individuals with somatic symptom disorder and medically unexplained symptoms. The app delivers psychoeducation, CBT- and mindfulness-based therapeutic content, stress management tools, and behavioral monitoring over a 8-week period, in addition to participants' usual care.
Arm II (Waitlist Control)
Participants in the control group will continue treatment as usual for 8 weeks without access to the mobile application. After completion of the 8-week primary endpoint, they will be offered access to the mobile application.
Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria
* PHQ-15 score of 4 or higher
* Presence of medically unexplained physical symptoms (MUS)
* No significant impairment in reading or writing ability
* Familiarity with smartphone and internet use
Exclusion Criteria
* Current diagnosis of schizophrenia or bipolar disorder, or presence of psychiatric symptoms deemed by the clinician to interfere with participation
* Currently receiving psychotherapy specifically for somatic symptoms
* Diagnosis of developmental disorders such as autism or intellectual disability, or evidence of significant cognitive impairment
* Any other medical condition deemed by the clinician to make participation inappropriate
* Inability to continue participation due to smartphone malfunction or lack of sufficient smartphone skills
19 Years
ALL
No
Sponsors
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Gangnam Severance Hospital
OTHER
Responsible Party
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Jooyoung Oh
Clinical Associate Professor
Locations
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Gangnam Severance Hospital
Seoul, , South Korea
Countries
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Other Identifiers
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3-2024-0119
Identifier Type: -
Identifier Source: org_study_id