Investigation of Respiratory Functions, Respiratory Muscle Strength, Balance and Sleep Quality in Patients With Bruxism
NCT ID: NCT07294833
Last Updated: 2025-12-19
Study Results
The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.
Basic Information
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COMPLETED
34 participants
OBSERVATIONAL
2023-06-01
2024-07-01
Brief Summary
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Detailed Description
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Clinicians are encouraged to consider the coexistence of sleep-related breathing disturbances-such as snoring, upper airway resistance, or apnea-hypopnea-in patients presenting with sleep bruxism. Snoring, the most common initial respiratory disturbance during sleep, is defined as an oropharyngeal sound resulting from turbulent airflow that causes vibration of soft tissues. In addition, patients with bruxism frequently experience symptoms associated with upper respiratory tract involvement, including rhinitis, sinusitis, and mouth breathing. Upper respiratory tract infections have been shown to reduce lung volumes, and mouth breathing is thought to influence cerebral oxygenation and provoke involuntary contractions of the facial musculature, potentially triggering sleep bruxism. Despite these associations, no studies to date have investigated pulmonary function or respiratory muscle strength in individuals with bruxism.
Bruxism is also associated with dental damage, temporomandibular joint dysfunction, headaches, and postural alterations. These findings indicate that bruxism affects not only the masticatory muscles but also the craniofacial complex and the musculature of the neck and shoulders. Previous studies have demonstrated that individuals with bruxism, particularly children, exhibit a more pronounced forward head posture compared with non-bruxism controls. A forward shift of the head increases the mechanical load on the cervical region and can alter the body's center of gravity, potentially contributing to muscular imbalance and impairments in postural stability. Thus, head posture should be considered in the clinical evaluation of bruxism. Although balance has been examined in individuals with temporomandibular joint dysfunction, studies focusing specifically on balance in patients with bruxism are lacking, and research including bruxism populations within broader temporomandibular dysfunction cohorts remains limited.
Sleep is a vital physiological process during which sensory perception and neuromuscular function are restored and hormonal rhythms are regulated. It consists of multiple stages that differ physiologically and interact with circadian mechanisms to regulate the sleep-wake cycle. When sleep is disrupted-by sleep bruxism, chronic insomnia, narcolepsy, sleep apnea, or other disorders-functional alterations in sleep architecture may occur, negatively affecting quality of life and contributing to public health concerns. Despite the known associations between bruxism, respiratory disturbances, postural alterations, and sleep disruption, no studies have investigated respiratory muscle strength or pulmonary function specifically in individuals with bruxism, and only a few studies have evaluated balance in this population.
The aim of the present study is to assess respiratory muscle strength, respiratory function, balance, and sleep quality in individuals with bruxism using valid, reliable, and objective measurement methods, and to compare these findings with those of healthy controls. This work seeks to address important gaps in the literature and contribute novel insights into the multisystem effects of bruxism.
Conditions
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Keywords
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Study Design
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OTHER
RETROSPECTIVE
Study Groups
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Individuals with bruxism
Information about the diagnostic required for the study, type of bruxism, duration of symptoms, duration of diagnosis were recorded from the patient's files. All assessments were performed once, in a temperature-controlled, quiet laboratory setting, by experienced physiotherapists. The evaluated parameters included pulmonary function, respiratory muscle strength, balance performance, and sleep quality.
No interventions assigned to this group
Health Controls
All assessments were performed once, in a temperature-controlled, quiet laboratory setting, by experienced physiotherapists. The evaluated parameters included pulmonary function, respiratory muscle strength, balance performance, and sleep quality.
No interventions assigned to this group
Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria
* Diagnosed with sleep or awake bruxism by a dentomaxillofacial radiologist.
* Diagnosis was based on subjective reports and clinical assessment according to the Standardised Tool for the Assessment of Bruxism (STAB) framework.
* Classified as probable bruxism, defined as the presence of:
* Self-reported behaviors (e.g., grinding, clenching, bracing), and
* Clinical signs (e.g., tooth wear, linea alba, masseter hypertrophy).
* Aged 18-65 years.
* Recruited through public campus advertisements.
* Matched for age and sex with the bruxism group.
* No history or symptoms of bruxism, confirmed by self-report and clinical examination.
Exclusion Criteria
* Respiratory conditions affecting pulmonary function (e.g., obstructive sleep apnea, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma).
* Difficulty understanding or following instructions.
* Presence of any dental or temporomandibular disorder other than bruxism.
* History of masseter botulinum toxin injection or facial/cervical trauma.
* Current use of sedatives, muscle relaxants, or centrally acting medications.
* Active orthodontic treatment.
* History of COVID-19 infection within the last six months.
18 Years
65 Years
ALL
Yes
Sponsors
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Gazi University
OTHER
Responsible Party
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Meral Boşnak Güçlü
Prof. Dr.
Principal Investigators
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Betül Yoleri, MSc
Role: STUDY_CHAIR
Gazi University
Meral Boşnak Güçlü, Prof
Role: STUDY_DIRECTOR
Gazi University
Musa Güneş, PhD
Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
Karabük University
Nebiha Gözde İspir, MD
Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
Gazi University
Okan Karaoğlu, Pt
Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
Gazi University
Dilek Kaya, Pt
Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
Gazi University
Locations
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Gazi University Faculty of Health Sciences Department of Cardiopulmonary Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Ankara, Çankaya 06490
Ankara, Çankaya, Turkey (Türkiye)
Countries
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References
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Castroflorio T, Bargellini A, Rossini G, Cugliari G, Deregibus A. Sleep bruxism in adolescents: a systematic literature review of related risk factors. Eur J Orthod. 2017 Feb;39(1):61-68. doi: 10.1093/ejo/cjw012. Epub 2016 Feb 15.
Manfredini D, Bucci MB, Sabattini VB, Lobbezoo F. Bruxism: overview of current knowledge and suggestions for dental implants planning. Cranio. 2011 Oct;29(4):304-12. doi: 10.1179/crn.2011.045.
Cuccia A, Caradonna C. The relationship between the stomatognathic system and body posture. Clinics (Sao Paulo). 2009;64(1):61-6. doi: 10.1590/s1807-59322009000100011.
Fabozzi A, Steffanina A, Nicolai A, Olmati F, Bonini M, Palange P. The Impact of Lung Function on Sleep Monitoring in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Associated with Obstructive Lung Diseases: Insights from a Clinical Study. J Clin Med. 2024 Oct 17;13(20):6189. doi: 10.3390/jcm13206189.
Shaffer SW, Teyhen DS, Lorenson CL, Warren RL, Koreerat CM, Straseske CA, Childs JD. Y-balance test: a reliability study involving multiple raters. Mil Med. 2013 Nov;178(11):1264-70. doi: 10.7205/MILMED-D-13-00222.
Laveneziana P, Albuquerque A, Aliverti A, Babb T, Barreiro E, Dres M, Dube BP, Fauroux B, Gea J, Guenette JA, Hudson AL, Kabitz HJ, Laghi F, Langer D, Luo YM, Neder JA, O'Donnell D, Polkey MI, Rabinovich RA, Rossi A, Series F, Similowski T, Spengler CM, Vogiatzis I, Verges S. ERS statement on respiratory muscle testing at rest and during exercise. Eur Respir J. 2019 Jun 13;53(6):1801214. doi: 10.1183/13993003.01214-2018. Print 2019 Jun.
Johnson JD, Theurer WM. A stepwise approach to the interpretation of pulmonary function tests. Am Fam Physician. 2014 Mar 1;89(5):359-66.
Other Identifiers
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Gazi2710
Identifier Type: -
Identifier Source: org_study_id