Study Results
The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.
Basic Information
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RECRUITING
NA
32 participants
INTERVENTIONAL
2025-12-31
2026-12-31
Brief Summary
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The primary specific objective is to determine the effect of a thrice daily whey protein pre-meal supplementation at two doses, on glucose excursions over a 7-day free-living period in adults aged 75-90 years of age, living with type 2 diabetes, compared with a non-protein placebo.
Participants will consume the whey protein and placebo for 7 days each, before each meal. All participants will consume the placebo and one of two doses of whey protein, in a randomised order.
Detailed Description
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Glycaemic control (glucose excursions) will be monitored under free-living conditions over a 7-day period using continuous glucose monitors (CGMs). Participants will be randomised to consume one of the two whey protein doses as well as the protein-free placebo on a separate 7-day period. The order of consuming whey protein or the protein-free placebo will be randomised and counterbalanced. This study is under the evidence that in younger people living with type 2 diabetes, a moderate dose of whey protein improves glucose time in range and lessens extreme postprandial glucose excursions.
Participants will be free to consume their typical diet over this period, where the researchers will provide a diet diary for participants to enter in all foods and drinks they consume over this time period, as well as document the ingestion of the supplement before each main meal.
During an acute feeding period on the first ingestion of each supplement (start of each 7-day phase), the researchers will evaluate rates of gastric emptying, glucose and insulin concentrations and hormonal appetite markers through blood draws, as well as perceived appetite responses through visual analogue scales. This will be in a research kitchen where participants will consume the supplement and a controlled mixed meal afterwards to monitor excursions in appetite response and glycemia. The researchers will also investigate the impact of pre-meal protein feeding on renal markers following each 7-day phase via urine collection.
Conditions
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Study Design
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RANDOMIZED
CROSSOVER
BASIC_SCIENCE
TRIPLE
Study Groups
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pre-meal low dose whey protein
Low whey protein dose administration before meals
Glycaemic control with whey protein
Comparing pre-meal supplementation of whey protein to protein-free placebo.
Glycaemic control with different doses of whey protein
Comparing pre-meal supplementation of moderate whey protein to a low dose of whey protein.
pre-meal moderate dose whey protein
Moderate whey protein dose administration before meals
Glycaemic control with whey protein
Comparing pre-meal supplementation of whey protein to protein-free placebo.
Glycaemic control with different doses of whey protein
Comparing pre-meal supplementation of moderate whey protein to a low dose of whey protein.
pre-meal protein-free placebo
protein-free placebo administration before meals
Glycaemic control with whey protein
Comparing pre-meal supplementation of whey protein to protein-free placebo.
Interventions
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Glycaemic control with whey protein
Comparing pre-meal supplementation of whey protein to protein-free placebo.
Glycaemic control with different doses of whey protein
Comparing pre-meal supplementation of moderate whey protein to a low dose of whey protein.
Eligibility Criteria
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Exclusion Criteria
* Currently on fast-acting insulin therapy (i.e., Humalog)
* Confirmed uncontrolled diabetes (HbA1C \>10% or 85mmol/mol).
* Currently on GLP-1 therapy
* Habitual smoker or vaper
* Veganism
* Lactose or dairy intolerance
* Coeliac or gluten intolerance
* History of gastrointestinal disease
* Experienced a hyperglycaemic or hypoglycaemic event requiring treatment in the past 12 months
* Recent Ischemic stroke (\<3 months).
* Use of anticoagulants (e.g. warfarin, rivaroxaban)
* Considered unwilling or unable to comply with the study protocol requirements by the research team
75 Years
90 Years
ALL
Yes
Sponsors
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Newcastle University
OTHER
University of Birmingham
OTHER
Responsible Party
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Principal Investigators
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Leigh Breen, PhD
Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
University of Birmingham and University of Leciester
Locations
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School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham
Birmingham, West Midlands, United Kingdom
Heartlands Hospital
Birmingham, , United Kingdom
Countries
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Central Contacts
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Facility Contacts
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Srikanth Bellary, MD
Role: primary
Other Identifiers
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RG_24-052
Identifier Type: -
Identifier Source: org_study_id