Community Interventions for Tackling Antimicrobial Resistance in Ghana
NCT ID: NCT07284914
Last Updated: 2025-12-16
Study Results
The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.
Basic Information
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NOT_YET_RECRUITING
NA
285 participants
INTERVENTIONAL
2026-04-30
2026-12-31
Brief Summary
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Detailed Description
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The study has 4 key objectives:
Objective 1. Assess the effect of two behavioral interventions targeted to community pharmacies on antibiotics dispensing rates. We randomly assign 285 pharmacies in Greater Accra 1:1:1 into one of three arms: 1) Control, 2) Individualized Feedback, and 3) Legal Reminder. In the Individualized Feedback arm, we use information from the first visits to provide customized feedback to the pharmacies. In the Legal Reminder arm, we provide a letter from the Ghana authorities emphasizing that providing antibiotics without a physician prescription is against the law.
Objective 2. Assess the extent of know-do gap in antibiotics dispensing behavior among community pharmacies. We compare self-reported data from a baseline survey and the one obtained from SP visits to assess the gap between what the pharmacies know and what they do in practice.
Objective 3. Examine the effect of reduced pressure from patients for antibiotics on pharmacies' dispensing behavior. The two demand variations we will test are the following: 1) Patient asks for a medicine (normal demand pressure), 2) Patient explicitly says that they would prefer not to take antibiotics and mention that they do not have a physician prescription and that their condition appears to be viral (reduced demand pressure).
Objective 4. Assess differential effects of the two interventions and reduced demand pressure across patient's age.
Conditions
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Study Design
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RANDOMIZED
PARALLEL
HEALTH_SERVICES_RESEARCH
DOUBLE
Study Groups
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Control
No intervention
No interventions assigned to this group
Individualized Feedback
Pharmacies receive customized feedback on their antibiotics dispensing behavior.
Individualized Feedback
We use information from the baseline visits (e.g., on whether they give antibiotics without a prescription and the time they spend with patients) to provide customized feedback to the pharmacies.
Legal Reminder
Pharmacies receive letter from the authorities in Ghana emphasizing that providing antibiotics without a physician prescription is against the law.
Legal Reminder
We provide a letter from the authorities in Ghana emphasizing that providing antibiotics without a physician prescription is against the law.
Interventions
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Individualized Feedback
We use information from the baseline visits (e.g., on whether they give antibiotics without a prescription and the time they spend with patients) to provide customized feedback to the pharmacies.
Legal Reminder
We provide a letter from the authorities in Ghana emphasizing that providing antibiotics without a physician prescription is against the law.
Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria
* Registered with Ghana Pharmacy Council
* "Stand-alone", i.e., not affiliated or next to a hospital
Exclusion Criteria
* Not registered with Ghana Pharmacy Council
* Hospital pharmacy
18 Years
ALL
Yes
Sponsors
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University of Ghana
OTHER
Penn State University
OTHER
Responsible Party
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Yubraj Acharya, Ph.D.
Associate Professor
Locations
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University of Ghana, Regional Institute for Population Studies
Legon, , Ghana
Countries
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Central Contacts
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Facility Contacts
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Other Identifiers
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102725
Identifier Type: OTHER_GRANT
Identifier Source: secondary_id
STUDY00026602
Identifier Type: -
Identifier Source: org_study_id