Overweight and Obesity in Adolescents - Sleep Behavioral Intervention

NCT ID: NCT07255274

Last Updated: 2025-12-01

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

RECRUITING

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

126 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2025-06-03

Study Completion Date

2026-12-31

Brief Summary

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Sleep plays a crucial role in energy balance, alongside diet and physical activity. Research has linked poor sleep quality and short sleep duration to obesity and cardiometabolic risk, such as insulin resistance and hypertension. The nature of this association is complex, and several mechanims have been suggested.

Scientific evidence suggests that sleep interventions may provide additional benefits in optimizing the effectiveness of overweight/obesity treatment in pediatric populations. Although some studies have explored this hypothesis, methodological heterogeneity hampers clear interpretation of the results.

The main goal of this clinical trial is is to evaluate the efficacy of a sleep behavioral intervention, combined with standard obesity treatment, in reducing adiposity (measured by BMI z-score, fat mass percentage, or fat-free mass index) in adolescents with overweight or obesity.

This randomized controlled trial will compare a control group receiving treatment as usual (or standard obesity treatment) with an intervention group receiving treatment as usual plus a sleep behavioral intervention.

Participants will be randomized into two groups: intervention and control. Throughout the study period, all medical consultations will include standard interventions focused on nutrition, physical activity/sedentary behavior, and other lifestyle factors. The sleep-focused intervention will be delivered by psychologists.

Participants will attend clinic visits every two months during the 6-month intervention period, and every three months during the subsequent 6-month follow-up period.

Detailed Description

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A randomized controlled trial (open-label, behavioral intervention) will be conducted at ULS Cova da Beira and Hospital CUF Porto, enrolling 126 adolescents (ages 13-17) diagnosed with overweight or obesity and poor sleep quality. Participants will be randomized into two groups: the intervention group (sleep behavioral intervention plus treatment as usual) and the control group (treatment as usual).

In addition to the primary aim, the researchers will evaluate several secondary outcomes, including the efficacy of the intervention in relation to: cardiometabolic risk, sleep patterns, eating patterns, physical activity level, emotional well-being/self-compassion, quality of life, leptin and ghrelin levels, and tryptophan and melatonin metabolism.

Throughout the study period, all medical consultations will include standard multicomponent behavioral intervention. The sleep behavioral intervention will be conducted by psychologists.

The intervention consists of seven cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) sessions over six months, focusing on sleep hygiene, self-monitoring, stimulus control, cognitive therapy, and relaxation techniques.

Data collection and analysis will include objective sleep assessment using actigraphy and a level 3 ambulatory sleep study. Blood samples will be collected at baseline, six months, and twelve months to analyze metabolic markers. From the samples collected at months 0 and 6, a portion will be appropriately stored for additional analysis at an external facility to quantify leptin, ghrelin, and tryptophan pathway metabolites.

Anthropometric and clinical assessments will include measurements of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, body composition, and blood pressure. Validated questionnaires will be used to evaluate sleep patterns, eating behaviors, physical activity, quality of life, emotional well-being, and self-compassion.

It is anticipated that the sleep behavioral intervention combined with standard treatment will be more effective than standard treatment alone not only in reducing adiposity, but also in improving cardiometabolic risk, sleep patterns, eating patterns, physical activity, emotional well-being, self-compassion, and in regulating hormonal and metabolic pathways including ghrelin, leptin, and the tryptophan-melatonin axis, as outlined in the study hypotheses

The study also aims to clarify the role of ghrelin and leptin levels, as well as the tryptophan pathway, in the interaction between sleep and obesity and in the effects of the intervention

Emotional well-being and self-compassion are expected to mediate the response to obesity intervention and the sleep-obesity relationship, potentially influencing or influenced by the tryptophan metabolic pathway, particularly serotonin levels.

By deepening the knowledge about the relationship between sleep and obesity, this research may contribute to optimize interventions for pediatric obesity, which would have an unequivocal positive impact.

Conditions

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Obesity and Overweight Sleep Disorder

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Open-Label Randomized Clinical Study with a Behavioral Intervention
Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

SINGLE

Outcome Assessors
Randomization is performed by a researcher not involved in data management.

Study Groups

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Control group

Standard interventions focused on nutrition, physical activity/sedentary behavior, and other lifestyle aspects.

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Standard Obesity Treatment

Intervention Type OTHER

Standard obesity treatment for pediatric obesity according to international guidelines. It comprises pediatric appointments, and usually also nutrition and nursing appointments, every 2 to 3 months. These appointments include an anthropometric evaluation, physical examination and personalized multicomponent behavioral intervention with focus on nutrition, physical activity/sedentary behavior and other lifestyle recommendations. This standard intervention is common for both groups/arms.

Intervention group

Standard intervention plus sleep-focused intervention. The sleep intervention will be conducted by psychologists. These monthly sessions, delivered in person or via video call, will be scheduled on the same day as the medical consultation whenever possible. The session planning and objectives are outlined in the study protocol.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Sleep Behavioral Intervention

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Our research team, composed by pediatricians with experience in Obesity and Adolescent Medicine, and clinical psychologists with experience in Sleep, Obesity, and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), developed a specific manual for this project: "Behavioral Sleep Intervention - SLEEP-OB - Therapist Support Manual." The manual was adapted based on CBT models for adults and adolescents with insomnia and on CBT for adolescents with other sleep disorders and comorbidities, namely obesity. The behavioral intervention aims to promote sustainable changes in sleep. It includes behavioral strategies (such as sleep restriction, stimulus control), cognitive strategies (cognitive reappraisal/restructuring, cognitive control, paradoxical intention), mixed strategies (sleep education/hygiene, relaxation), self-monitoring, and problem identification and resolution.

The intervention will take place over six months, with a total of seven sessions (in-person and by video call).

Standard Obesity Treatment

Intervention Type OTHER

Standard obesity treatment for pediatric obesity according to international guidelines. It comprises pediatric appointments, and usually also nutrition and nursing appointments, every 2 to 3 months. These appointments include an anthropometric evaluation, physical examination and personalized multicomponent behavioral intervention with focus on nutrition, physical activity/sedentary behavior and other lifestyle recommendations. This standard intervention is common for both groups/arms.

Interventions

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Sleep Behavioral Intervention

Our research team, composed by pediatricians with experience in Obesity and Adolescent Medicine, and clinical psychologists with experience in Sleep, Obesity, and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), developed a specific manual for this project: "Behavioral Sleep Intervention - SLEEP-OB - Therapist Support Manual." The manual was adapted based on CBT models for adults and adolescents with insomnia and on CBT for adolescents with other sleep disorders and comorbidities, namely obesity. The behavioral intervention aims to promote sustainable changes in sleep. It includes behavioral strategies (such as sleep restriction, stimulus control), cognitive strategies (cognitive reappraisal/restructuring, cognitive control, paradoxical intention), mixed strategies (sleep education/hygiene, relaxation), self-monitoring, and problem identification and resolution.

The intervention will take place over six months, with a total of seven sessions (in-person and by video call).

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Standard Obesity Treatment

Standard obesity treatment for pediatric obesity according to international guidelines. It comprises pediatric appointments, and usually also nutrition and nursing appointments, every 2 to 3 months. These appointments include an anthropometric evaluation, physical examination and personalized multicomponent behavioral intervention with focus on nutrition, physical activity/sedentary behavior and other lifestyle recommendations. This standard intervention is common for both groups/arms.

Intervention Type OTHER

Other Intervention Names

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Sleep intervention Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for sleep disorders treatment as usual

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

1. Informed consent from legal guardians and assent/consent from the adolescent;
2. Age between 13 and 17 years at the time of consent;
3. Diagnosis of overweight (BMI z-score \> 1 and ≤ 2) or obesity (BMI z-score \> 2), according to WHO criteria;
4. Sleep deprivation or poor sleep quality, based on the initial screening questionnaire.

Exclusion Criteria

1. Secondary obesity (e.g., hypothalamic, genetic, or endocrine causes);
2. Comorbid psychiatric or neurological disorders (e.g., epilepsy, autism spectrum disorder) that affect sleep;
3. Current treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) or other medications affecting sleep.
Minimum Eligible Age

13 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

17 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

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University of Beira Interior

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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ana sofia rodrigues ferreira

PhD student

Responsibility Role PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Locations

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Unidade Local de Saúde Cova da Beira

Covilha, , Portugal

Site Status RECRUITING

Hospital CUF Porto

Porto, , Portugal

Site Status NOT_YET_RECRUITING

Countries

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Portugal

Facility Contacts

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Sofia Ferreira, MD

Role: primary

+351275330000

Arminda Jorge, PhD in Medicine

Role: backup

Carla Rêgo, PhD in Medicine

Role: primary

Other Identifiers

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TID 101794088

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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