Using a Personalized Decision Support Tool to Help People With Type 1 Diabetes Manage Exercise

NCT ID: NCT07226583

Last Updated: 2025-11-10

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

NOT_YET_RECRUITING

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

10 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2025-12-31

Study Completion Date

2026-06-30

Brief Summary

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This study evaluates a digital decision-support tool designed to help individuals with type 1 diabetes prepare for exercise. This netIOB \& Exercise Tool (NEXT) uses glucose data and insulin delivery history to recommend individualized strategies such as carbohydrate intake, insulin adjustments, or delays in exercise start time.

Participants will complete three structured aerobic or mixed-exercise sessions using different guidance approaches:

(A) published consensus-based standard-of-care guidelines (B) usual personal care routines (C) the NEXT tool

The study compares glucose outcomes, safety, and carbohydrate use across these conditions to inform better exercise preparation and support tools for people with diabetes.

Detailed Description

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People with type 1 diabetes often experience unpredictable changes in blood glucose levels before, during, and after physical activity. While consensus guidelines exist to help mitigate these risks, many individuals continue to encounter hypoglycemia or rely on excessive carbohydrate intake around exercise.

This study evaluates a software-based tool, netIOB \& Exercise Toolkit (NEXT), that provides real-time, individualized guidance for exercise preparation. The tool uses data from continuous glucose monitors (CGMs), insulin delivery history, and exercise timing to suggest adjustments such as carbohydrate intake, temporary targets, or delayed start times. Its goal is to reduce hypoglycemia and carbohydrate burden while preserving exercise safety and feasibility.

The trial uses a randomized, crossover design in which participants complete three supervised moderate-intensity exercise sessions, each under a different preparation strategy. The guidance methods include consensus standard-of-care, usual personal care, and the investigational NEXT tool. Each session is followed for 48 hours to assess glycemic and behavioral outcomes.

Exploratory analyses will stratify glycemic and treatment outcomes based on pre-exercise net insulin-on-board (netIOB) levels, categorized into predefined strata (e.g., 0.0-1.0u, 1.0-2.0u, 2.0-3.0u, 3.0u+), to assess potential effect modification across intervention arms.

The NEXT tool is investigational and classified as IDE-exempt. Findings from this study may inform the design of future clinical trials and support the development of open-source methods for exercise preparation in diabetes.

Conditions

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Type 1 Diabetes Mellitis Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM)

Keywords

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Type 1 Diabetes T1D T1DM Continuous Glucose Monitoring Insulin Dosing CGM Insulin Pump Exercise carbohydrate Intake closed-loop system hybrid closed-loop

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

CROSSOVER

Participants complete three supervised exercise visits, each under a different guidance condition (standard-of-care, usual care, or the NEXT decision-support toolkit), in randomized order.
Primary Study Purpose

SUPPORTIVE_CARE

Blinding Strategy

NONE

It is not feasible to blind participants or staff to the intervention being applied for each session.

Study Groups

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Standard-of-Care (SoC)

Participants follow consensus-based guidance for insulin and carbohydrate adjustments around exercise, as outlined in current international standards. These recommendations are applied by study staff in advance of the exercise session.

Group Type OTHER

Standard-of-Care Guidance (SoC)

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Study staff provide insulin and carbohydrate adjustment advice based on consensus exercise management guidelines (Moer et al., 2024), tailored to the planned activity.

Usual Care (UC)

Participants use their own strategies for managing insulin and carbohydrate around exercise.

Group Type OTHER

Usual Care (UC)

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Participants independently manage their insulin and carbohydrate decisions around exercise, using their routine practices without study-provided guidance.

netIOB & Exercise Toolkit (NEXT)

Physicians receive personalized, algorithm-informed recommendations for exercise-related insulin and carbohydrate adjustments. Recommendations are generated using the investigational netIOB \& Exercise Toolkit based on CGM data, insulin history, and real-time inputs.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

netIOB & Exercise Toolkit (NEXT)

Intervention Type DEVICE

An investigational software tool generates individualized insulin and carbohydrate adjustment recommendations before and after exercise using CGM data and recent insulin delivery. Study physicians review and relay these recommendations to participants.

Interventions

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Standard-of-Care Guidance (SoC)

Study staff provide insulin and carbohydrate adjustment advice based on consensus exercise management guidelines (Moer et al., 2024), tailored to the planned activity.

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Usual Care (UC)

Participants independently manage their insulin and carbohydrate decisions around exercise, using their routine practices without study-provided guidance.

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

netIOB & Exercise Toolkit (NEXT)

An investigational software tool generates individualized insulin and carbohydrate adjustment recommendations before and after exercise using CGM data and recent insulin delivery. Study physicians review and relay these recommendations to participants.

Intervention Type DEVICE

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* Adults between the age of 18-60 years
* Diagnosis of type 1 diabetes for \>1 year (based on investigator's clinical judgement)
* Using Tandem Control-IQ and Dexcom G7 for ≥1 month
* Able to sustain moderate intensity walking for 60 minutes (target 50-60% age-predicted HR max) without limitation.
* Use of a stable insulin delivery regimen, with no planned changes in settings or dosing strategy during the study period, and consistent continuous glucose monitor (CGM) use in the prior 1 month (\>80% data)

Exclusion Criteria

* Use of non-continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) during study, including long-acting or inhalable insulins.
* Use of other medications with the potential to confound glycemia (including SGLT-2 inhibitors, GIP or GLP-1 receptor agonists) unless on a stable regimen with no planned changes during the study.
* Use of systemic steroids within 4 weeks of planned study participation.
* Severe hypoglycemia (requiring assistance) or DKA within the prior 6 months.
* Intercurrent illness or medical conditions that preclude safe participation in moderate-intensity exercise (e.g. unstable cardiopulmonary disease, uncontrolled arrhythmia, or uncontrolled hypertension), as previously assessed by the individual's primary care physician.
* Pregnancy, lactation, or planned pregnancy during participation.
* Renal insufficiency with eGR \<45 mL/min/1.73 m2, dialysis, or adrenal insufficiency.
* Known coronary disease or angina that limits moderate activity, or myocardial infarction/PCI/CABG within 12 months.
* Concurrent participation in another interventional drug/device study within 30 days
* Inability to comply with study procedures or safety requirements (e.g., cannot achieve target HR zone, cannot attend visits, or cannot enable device data access), or otherwise deemed unsuitable by the investigator.
Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

60 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

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University College Dublin

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

The Leona M. and Harry B. Helmsley Charitable Trust

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

Stanford University

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Rayhan A. Lal

Assistant Professor of Medicine & Pediatrics

Responsibility Role PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

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Rayhan Lal, MD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Stanford University

Dessi [email protected], PhD

Role: STUDY_DIRECTOR

Stanford University

Locations

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Stanford University

Palo Alto, California, United States

Site Status

Countries

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United States

Central Contacts

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Dessi Zaharieva, PhD

Role: CONTACT

Phone: 628-238-9420

Email: [email protected]

Ryan Kingman, BS

Role: CONTACT

Phone: 650-736-4417

Email: [email protected]

Facility Contacts

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Ryan Kingman, BS

Role: primary

Dessi Zaharieva, PhD

Role: backup

Other Identifiers

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2407-07175

Identifier Type: OTHER_GRANT

Identifier Source: secondary_id

82224

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id