Testing the WeCare Intervention to Address Mental Health and Medication Adherence Challenges Among MSM in South Africa

NCT ID: NCT07226323

Last Updated: 2025-11-10

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

NOT_YET_RECRUITING

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

60 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2025-12-31

Study Completion Date

2027-04-30

Brief Summary

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The goal of this clinical trial is to learn if the WeCare intervention-an adapted Friendship Bench program that integrates problem-solving therapy, minority-stress-informed content, and explicit PrEP/ART adherence skills-improves mental health and HIV medication adherence among men who have sex with men (MSM). It will also assess the safety, acceptability, and feasibility of delivering WeCare through trained lay coaches in community clinics.

Main questions the trial aims to answer:

* Does WeCare reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety among MSM?
* Does WeCare improve PrEP and ART adherence and increase rates of viral suppression among participants on ART?
* Is WeCare acceptable, feasible, and safe when delivered by lay coaches in POP INN clinics compared with usual care?

Detailed Description

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Men who have sex with men (MSM) in sub-Saharan Africa face very high HIV incidence and prevalence, with South Africa carrying the largest national burden and an estimated \~30% HIV prevalence among MSM. National policies in South Africa endorse universal test-and-treat and prioritize MSM for Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) and Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART), but care cascade indicators and adherence outcomes for MSM lag behind national averages, indicating a need for differentiated, targeted service approaches.

Common mental health problems are prevalent among MSM and are strongly associated with poorer PrEP and ART adherence. Randomized and quasi-experimental trials in the region show that lay-delivered or nurse-delivered mental health interventions can reduce depression and improve ART adherence and viral suppression, while observational studies link poor mental health to lower PrEP adherence and limited trial evidence suggests integrated adherence interventions may improve biomarker outcomes.

The Friendship Bench (FB) model-an evidence-based, lay health worker-delivered problem-solving therapy program developed in Zimbabwe and adapted across low-resource settings-produces substantial reductions in depressive symptoms and can be delivered in person or digitally. FB's original form had limited effects on ART adherence, prompting calls to explicitly integrate adherence counseling; systematic adaptation is required to make FB effective for MSM by incorporating minority stress theory, addressing anti-MSM stigma and disclosure challenges, and adding explicit adherence skills training.

Aurum's POP INN clinics provide MSM-friendly services and peer support and have piloted FB-style coaching, revealing high rates of medication adherence challenges and moderate-to-severe depression among MSM. Pilot quantitative and qualitative data identify predictors of non-suppression and adherence problems-such as clinic location, transactional sex, missed doses, anxiety, and shorter ART duration-and show a clear preference among MSM for HIV status-neutral programming. Building on these findings, the proposed WeCare intervention aims to adapt Facebook into a status-neutral, minority-stress-informed package that integrates problem-solving therapy with explicit PrEP/ART adherence support, delivered by trained lay coaches, to improve mental health, medication adherence, viral suppression, stigma reduction, and community cohesion.

Conditions

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HIV Infections Mental Health

Keywords

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Men having sex with Men Medication adherence PrEP Adherence ART Adherence

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Primary Study Purpose

SUPPORTIVE_CARE

Blinding Strategy

SINGLE

Investigators

Study Groups

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Friendship Bench (FB) arm

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

WeCare

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

The intervention is an adapted Friendship Bench (FB) for MSM in South Africa that integrates counseling on HIV medication adherence and the mental health-adherence relationship. The intervention includes up to 4 individual sessions and up to 4 group sessions; individual sessions may be delivered in person or online (Inuka-style), while all group sessions are in person.

Control Arm

Group Type OTHER

Standard of Care

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

The control group will receive enhanced standard care at POP INN Wellness Clinic: psychoeducation for all PrEP/ART enrollees, free medication, access to ongoing support groups, and referrals provided by the clinic.

Interventions

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WeCare

The intervention is an adapted Friendship Bench (FB) for MSM in South Africa that integrates counseling on HIV medication adherence and the mental health-adherence relationship. The intervention includes up to 4 individual sessions and up to 4 group sessions; individual sessions may be delivered in person or online (Inuka-style), while all group sessions are in person.

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Standard of Care

The control group will receive enhanced standard care at POP INN Wellness Clinic: psychoeducation for all PrEP/ART enrollees, free medication, access to ongoing support groups, and referrals provided by the clinic.

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* Male
* reports sexual intercourse with a man in the past 6 months
* reside in the Johannesburg metropolitan area with no plans to relocate during the next 6 months
* ability to communicate in English
* current prescription for any ART regimen (HIV-positive participants) or daily oral PrEP (HIV-negative participants) at the POP INN clinic.
* HIV positive participant only: unsuppressed HIV viral load (HIV-1 RNA viral load ≥200 copies/mL) in the sample collected in the past six months
* HIV negative participants only: Self-reported challenges adhering to daily oral PrEP (i.e miss 3 or more tablets per week)
* Moderate symptoms of depression during past 2 weeks (score on the PHQ-9 ≥10 and \<20)
* Ability to understand and provide informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria

* Presently engaged in mental health therapy.
* Participated in qualitative phase of WeCare study (AUR2-18-419) or open-pilot (present study).
* Refuses audio recording of the in-person or online individual counselling session
Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Eligible Sex

MALE

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Sponsors

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National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)

NIH

Sponsor Role collaborator

Emory University

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Don Operario

Professor

Responsibility Role PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

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Don Operario, PhD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Rollins School of Public Health

Locations

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Aurum Institute

Johannesburg, , South Africa

Site Status

Countries

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South Africa

Central Contacts

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Don Operario, PhD

Role: CONTACT

Phone: 404-727-0503

Email: [email protected]

Danielle Giovenco, PhD

Role: CONTACT

Phone: 404-727-3956

Email: [email protected]

Facility Contacts

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Eduard Sanders

Role: primary

Other Identifiers

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5R34MH135806-02

Identifier Type: NIH

Identifier Source: secondary_id

View Link

2025P010078

Identifier Type: OTHER

Identifier Source: secondary_id

STUDY00009339

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id