A Sensory Strategy to Cut Sugary Beverages in African/American and Latine Adolescents

NCT ID: NCT07223151

Last Updated: 2025-10-31

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

RECRUITING

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

63 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2025-07-25

Study Completion Date

2027-06-30

Brief Summary

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The goal of this clinical trial is to test whether replacing sugary sodas with unsweetened, flavored sparkling waters can reduce added sugar intake and improve health in Black/African American and Latine adolescents with obesity who prefer sweet-tasting beverages. The main questions it aims to answer are:

* Does replacing sugary sodas with water change liking for sugary drinks, and water?
* Do shifts in liking for sweetness lead to improved diet quality and cardiometabolic health?

Researchers will compare replacing sugary sodas with one of three alternative beverages: unsweetened sparkling water, plain water, and beverages with gradually reduced sugar to determine which strategy is most effective.

Participants will:

* Replace sugary sodas with study drinks for 4 weeks
* Complete taste tests to measure their liking for and sensory experience of sweetness over 8-weeks
* Provide dietary recalls, body measurements, and blood samples over 8-weeks

Detailed Description

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This randomized controlled trial aims to evaluate the effects of replacing sugar-sweetened sodas with unsweetened, flavored sparkling waters, progressively sugar-reduced sodas, or plain water in adolescents who are classified as "sweet-likers"-individuals who prefer higher concentrations of sugar in beverages. The study focuses on a high-risk group: adolescents ages 12-18 who self-identify as Black/African American or Latine and have obesity (BMI \>95th percentile).

63 adolescents who are classified as sweet-likers and meet additional inclusion criteria will be enrolled in a randomized 3-arm intervention for 4 weeks, with an additional 4-week follow-up period. Participants will be randomized into one of the following groups:

USW (Unsweetened Sparkling Water): Replaces sodas with flavored, unsweetened carbonated water.

PRS (Progressively Reduced Sugar): Replaces sodas with carbonated beverages with decreasing sugar concentrations, ending with unsweetened carbonated water.

PW (Plain Water - Control): Replaces sodas with still, plain water.

Participants will replace all typical sugary sodas with study beverages during the 4-week intervention. Study assessments include sensory testing for liking, sweetness intensity, and "just about right" level of sweetness in sparkling and plain water at baseline, week 2, week 4, and week 8. Additionally, dietary intake (via 24-hour dietary recalls), anthropometrics (height, weight, waist circumference), blood pressure, and blood biomarkers (fasting glucose, insulin, triglycerides) will be measured at baseline, week 4, and week 8.

The primary hypothesis is that exposure to unsweetened beverages (especially in the USW and PRS groups) will reduce participants' liking for higher concentrations of sugar in beverages and increasing liking for lower concentrations of sugar in beverages. It is also hypothesized that these changes may correspond with improvements in cardiometabolic markers, particularly serum triglycerides. Insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), blood pressure, and body weight will also be measured but are less likely to shift in the relatively short time period (8 weeks).

This trial addresses the persistent challenge of high SSB consumption in racial and ethnic minority adolescents-a group that faces disproportionate risk of obesity, prediabetes, and cardiometabolic disease. By integrating sensory science with behavior change, this intervention seeks to develop more effective strategies to support reduced sugar intake in adolescents who have strong preferences for sweetness.

Conditions

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Obesity, Adolescent Dietary Sugars Taste Perception Insulin Resistance Feeding Behavior

Keywords

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Obesity Adolescent Sugar-Sweetened Beverages Taste Perception Insulin Resistance Sweet Taste Preference Latine Youth African American Youth Dietary Intervention Beverage Replacement Sugar Reduction Sensory Evaluation Randomized Controlled Trial

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Participants are randomly assigned to one of three parallel intervention arms for 4 weeks: (1) replacement of sugary sodas with unsweetened, flavored sparkling water (USW), (2) replacement with sodas containing progressively reduced sugar levels (PRS), or (3) replacement with plain water (PW). All participants are followed for an additional 4-week period to assess maintenance of changes.
Primary Study Purpose

PREVENTION

Blinding Strategy

NONE

Not applicable. This is an open-label study; no parties are masked.

Study Groups

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Unsweetened Sparkling Water (USW)

Participants in this group will replace all sugar-sweetened sodas with flavored, unsweetened sparkling waters for 4 weeks.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Unsweetened Sparkling Water Replacement

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Participants replace all sugar-sweetened sodas with flavored, unsweetened sparkling waters for 4 weeks.

Progressively Reduced Sugar (PRS)

Participants in this group will replace sugar-sweetened sodas with carbonated beverages that contain decreasing levels of sugar each week over a 4-week period, ending with a fully unsweetened sparkling water.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Progressively Reduced Sugar Beverage Replacement

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Participants replace sugary sodas with beverages containing gradually decreasing sugar concentrations (weekly), ending with unsweetened sparkling water.

Plain Water (PW)

Participants in this group will replace all sugar-sweetened sodas with plain, still water for 4 weeks. This arm serves as a control to compare outcomes against both the unsweetened sparkling water and gradually reduced sugar beverage interventions.

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Plain Water Replacement

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Participants replace all sugar-sweetened sodas with plain, still water for 4 weeks. This serves as a comparator to evaluate sensory and metabolic changes.

Interventions

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Unsweetened Sparkling Water Replacement

Participants replace all sugar-sweetened sodas with flavored, unsweetened sparkling waters for 4 weeks.

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Progressively Reduced Sugar Beverage Replacement

Participants replace sugary sodas with beverages containing gradually decreasing sugar concentrations (weekly), ending with unsweetened sparkling water.

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Plain Water Replacement

Participants replace all sugar-sweetened sodas with plain, still water for 4 weeks. This serves as a comparator to evaluate sensory and metabolic changes.

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* Adolescents ages 12 to 18 who display a "sweet-liker" pattern, characterized by a preference for higher concentrations of sugar in beverages, specifically identifying 0.3M (10.3% sucrose) or above as their most liked sample.
* Have obesity (body mass index \[BMI\] \> 95%). During screening, subjects' height and weight will be measured to calculate BMI, and BMI will be balanced across study arms using stratified randomization.
* Adolescents must also indicate a willingness to drink study beverages; not currently dieting/changing diet.

Exclusion Criteria

* Adolescent participant is pregnant, since pregnancy affects taste perception
* Participant is allergic or intolerant to the items we are testing.


* Adolescent with type 1 or type 2 diabetes (self-declared or detected at screening visit through fasting glucose)
* Currently consume unsweetened, sparkling water two or more times per week.
* Adolescent participant is pregnant, since pregnancy affects taste perception
* Participant is allergic or intolerant to the items we are testing.
* Allergic or intolerant to the items that we are testing.
Minimum Eligible Age

12 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

18 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Sponsors

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Purdue University

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

Nana Gletsu Miller

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Nana Gletsu Miller

Associate Professor, Applied Health Science, Indiana University Bloomington

Responsibility Role SPONSOR_INVESTIGATOR

Locations

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Indiana University School of Public Health - Bloomington

Bloomington, Indiana, United States

Site Status NOT_YET_RECRUITING

Indiana University Hospital

Indianapolis, Indiana, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Purdue University

West Lafayette, Indiana, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Countries

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United States

Central Contacts

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Nana Gletsu Miller, PhD

Role: CONTACT

Phone: +1 (812) 855-9110

Email: [email protected]

Facility Contacts

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Nana Gletsu Miller, PhD

Role: primary

Nana Gletsu Miller, PhD

Role: primary

Cordelia Running, PhD

Role: primary

References

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Matsuda M, DeFronzo RA. Insulin sensitivity indices obtained from oral glucose tolerance testing: comparison with the euglycemic insulin clamp. Diabetes Care. 1999 Sep;22(9):1462-70. doi: 10.2337/diacare.22.9.1462.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 10480510 (View on PubMed)

Wang J, Light K, Henderson M, O'Loughlin J, Mathieu ME, Paradis G, Gray-Donald K. Consumption of added sugars from liquid but not solid sources predicts impaired glucose homeostasis and insulin resistance among youth at risk of obesity. J Nutr. 2014 Jan;144(1):81-6. doi: 10.3945/jn.113.182519. Epub 2013 Nov 6.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 24198307 (View on PubMed)

Boushey CJ, Kerr DA, Wright J, Lutes KD, Ebert DS, Delp EJ. Use of technology in children's dietary assessment. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2009 Feb;63 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):S50-7. doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2008.65.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 19190645 (View on PubMed)

Bailey RL, Fulgoni VL, Cowan AE, Gaine PC. Sources of Added Sugars in Young Children, Adolescents, and Adults with Low and High Intakes of Added Sugars. Nutrients. 2018 Jan 17;10(1):102. doi: 10.3390/nu10010102.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 29342109 (View on PubMed)

Reedy J, Krebs-Smith SM. Dietary sources of energy, solid fats, and added sugars among children and adolescents in the United States. J Am Diet Assoc. 2010 Oct;110(10):1477-84. doi: 10.1016/j.jada.2010.07.010.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 20869486 (View on PubMed)

Banfield EC, Liu Y, Davis JS, Chang S, Frazier-Wood AC. Poor Adherence to US Dietary Guidelines for Children and Adolescents in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Population. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2016 Jan;116(1):21-27. doi: 10.1016/j.jand.2015.08.010. Epub 2015 Sep 26.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 26391469 (View on PubMed)

Andes LJ, Cheng YJ, Rolka DB, Gregg EW, Imperatore G. Prevalence of Prediabetes Among Adolescents and Young Adults in the United States, 2005-2016. JAMA Pediatr. 2020 Feb 1;174(2):e194498. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.4498. Epub 2020 Feb 3.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 31790544 (View on PubMed)

Valicente V, Gletsu-Miller N, Running CA. Secondary Analysis of Sweetness Liking from Pilot Study Replacing Sugar Sweetened Soda with Flavored, Unsweetened Sparkling Water. J Am Nutr Assoc. 2025 Jan;44(1):1-13. doi: 10.1080/27697061.2024.2369819. Epub 2024 Jul 22.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 39037472 (View on PubMed)

Related Links

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https://research-studies.allinforhealth.info/BFTI/

All IN for Health Research Studies - Study Listing for "Trading Sugar for Sparkles"

Other Identifiers

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IRB#25860

Identifier Type: OTHER

Identifier Source: secondary_id

IRB#25860

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id