Pleurodesis in Small-bore Chest Tube

NCT ID: NCT07208409

Last Updated: 2025-12-24

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

NOT_YET_RECRUITING

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

60 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2026-02-01

Study Completion Date

2029-01-31

Brief Summary

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Malignant pleural effusion (MPE) imposes a high burden on the healthcare system in the Asian Pacific region, as lung and breast cancer are the commonest cancers associated with malignant pleural effusion, as the two commonest cancers in the Asian Pacific region.

While indwelling pleural catheter (IPC), a catheter that is inserted for long-term drainage of pleural fluid, is not commonly used in Asian countries, small-bore chest tubes are increasingly used due to their ease of insertion and causing less pain.

Injecting talc, a chemocal, to promote adhesion of pleura, called talc pleurodesis was an effective method of managing MPE. However, the optimal size of small-bore chest tubes and the feasibility of talc pleurodesis have not been thoroughly investigated.

This randomised controlled trial aims to evaluate the feasibility and success rate of pleurodesis using small-bore chest drains and to examine the outcomes associated with different sizes of these drains, namely 8 Fr, 12 Fr, and 14 Fr, in managing MPE.

The primary outcome is the feasibility of talc pleurodesis with different small-bore chest tubes. Secondary outcomes include the differences in recurrence rates post-pleurodesis between small-bore and ultra-small-bore chest tubes, as well as patient outcomes such as pain scores, SpO2/FiO2 ratios (oxygen saturation/fractional inspired oxygen ratio), and complications.

The sample size will be 60, and the project will be carried out over one year.

The outcome of this study can serve as a reference for managing MPE regarding the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of ultra-small-bore chest tubes worldwide, particularly in the Asia-Pacific region, where IPC is less common.

Detailed Description

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Chest tubes can be classified as large bore or small-bore base on the size, with commonly ≤14 French (Fr) was defined as small-bore and \>14 Fr was defined as large bore. Small-bore chest tubes are increasingly used in malignant pleural effusion (MPE) since it is easier to insert and was reported to have less pain while insertion and in place. However, there is limited evidence and guideline on the use of small-bore chest tube. The size of chest tube for optimal drainage was not mentioned in the British Thoracic Society (BTS) guideline for pleural disease.

Pleurodesis is indicated for MPE or secondary pneumothorax to reduce the recurrent way, and can be performed in surgical or chemical. Different agents are available for chemical pleurodesis, namely talc, minocycline or blood patch. For MPE, talc slurry was shown to be non-inferior than talc poudrage for pleurodesis successful rate, and was shown to be superior than other sclerosant in chemical pleurodesis. For secondary spontaneous pneumothorax, chemical pleurodesis is performed when patient is not a surgical candidate or according to patient's preference. Chemical pleurodesis with talc slurry was shown to have higher efficacy and lower recurrence rate of pneumothorax compared with doxycycline in Asian population.

From the BTS clinical statement on pleural procedures, meta-analyses of studies on different chest tube size for pleurodesis show similar risks of procedure failure with large and small-bore tubes. However, limited evidence was available. The only randomised control trial with adequate sample size found small-bore chest tube was non inferior to large bore chest tube in terms of pleurodesis efficacy. There was a report of use of small-bore chest tube with size 10Fr in MPE, showing response rate of 84.2% post pleurodesis.

The definition of pleurodesis failure in MPE varies. Definition commonly used in previous studies define pleurodesis failure as pleural fluid recurrence in ipsilateral hemithorax requiring further therapeutic pleural intervention, with radiological evidence including chest x-ray (CXR), computed tomography (CT) scan of thorax or transthoracic ultrasound demonstrated same fluid recurrence upon follow up. Partial response was defined as localise effusion that does not progress, cause symptoms or require drainage.

In current practice for chest tube insertion by respiratory team in Queen Mary Hospital, chest tubes with pigtail or seldinger technique are available in size of 8Fr, 12Fr, 14Fr and 18Fr for drainage of pleural effusion or pneumothorax. Pleurodesis, commonly by talc, is performed through chest tubes when clinically indicated.

In this study, we hypothesize that the use of small bore and ultra small bore chest tubes are both effective in managing pleural effusion.

This is a prospective randomised controlled study for patients with MPE who require chest tube insertion. Eligible patients will be randomised into 1:1:1 ratio on 8Fr, 12 Fr or 14 Fr size chest tube. The study will be conducted at Queen Mary Hospital, a tertiary and university-affiliated hospital in Hong Kong.

After study recruitment, chest drain with size according to randomization will be inserted. The baseline characteristics, namely age, sex, underlying malignancy, size of pleural effusion, the patient outcomes including pain score, oxygen saturation, complications including dislodgement, infection, hemothorax, blocked tube and mortality will be analysed between different groups.

For statistical analysis, univariant analysis will be performed first. For categorical factors, including recurrence of pleural effusion or pneumothorax in different groups, Fisher exact test will be performed. Odd ratios will be calculated. Unpaired data on two samples will be performed by Wilcoxon rank sum test. Multivariant logistic regression will then be performed on the effect of different factors on the outcomes. P \< 0.05 was taken as statistically significant.

Conditions

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Pleural Effusion, Malignant

Keywords

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malignant pleural effusion pleurodesis small bore chest tube

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

NONE

Study Groups

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14 Fr chest tube

14Fr chest tube will be inserted

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

14 Fr chest tube

Intervention Type DEVICE

Chest tube size of 14Fr will be inserted

12 Fr chest tube

12Fr chest tube will be inserted

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

12 Fr chest tube

Intervention Type DEVICE

Chest tube of 12 Fr will be inserted

8 Fr chest tube

8Fr chest tube will be inserted

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

8 Fr chest tube

Intervention Type DEVICE

Chest tube size of 8Fr will be inserted

Interventions

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14 Fr chest tube

Chest tube size of 14Fr will be inserted

Intervention Type DEVICE

12 Fr chest tube

Chest tube of 12 Fr will be inserted

Intervention Type DEVICE

8 Fr chest tube

Chest tube size of 8Fr will be inserted

Intervention Type DEVICE

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* Pleural effusion.
* With clinical indications for pleural drainage and chest drain insertion.
* With anticipated need for pleurodesis e.g. known malignancy, no clinical signs of pleural infection.
* age ≥18 year-old

Exclusion Criteria

* Pleural effusion not sizable for drainage.
* With clinical suspicion of pleural infection e.g. pleuritic chest pain, fever, ultrasound showed loculated pleural effusion
* Age ≤18 year-old
Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

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The University of Hong Kong

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Responsibility Role SPONSOR

Principal Investigators

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King Pui Florence Chan, MD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital

Locations

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The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital

Hong Kong, , China

Site Status

Countries

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China

Central Contacts

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King Pui Florence Chan, MD

Role: CONTACT

Phone: +852 22553741

Email: [email protected]

Facility Contacts

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King-Pui Florence Chan, MD

Role: primary

References

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Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, Laversanne M, Soerjomataram I, Jemal A, Bray F. Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2021 May;71(3):209-249. doi: 10.3322/caac.21660. Epub 2021 Feb 4.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 33538338 (View on PubMed)

Gonnelli F, Hassan W, Bonifazi M, Pinelli V, Bedawi EO, Porcel JM, Rahman NM, Mei F. Malignant pleural effusion: current understanding and therapeutic approach. Respir Res. 2024 Jan 19;25(1):47. doi: 10.1186/s12931-024-02684-7.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 38243259 (View on PubMed)

Kreisman H, Wolkove N, Finkelstein HS, Cohen C, Margolese R, Frank H. Breast cancer and thoracic metastases: review of 119 patients. Thorax. 1983 Mar;38(3):175-9. doi: 10.1136/thx.38.3.175.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 6857580 (View on PubMed)

Weichselbaum R, Marck A, Hellman S. Pathogenesis of pleural effusion in carcinoma of the breast. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1977 Sep-Oct;2(9-10):963-5. doi: 10.1016/0360-3016(77)90195-x. No abstract available.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 591413 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

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UW-24-646

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id