The Role of Framing and Choice Architecture in Patients' Reactions and EHR Error Discovery and Reporting
NCT ID: NCT07206550
Last Updated: 2025-11-12
Study Results
The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.
Basic Information
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NOT_YET_RECRUITING
NA
3000 participants
INTERVENTIONAL
2025-11-30
2025-12-31
Brief Summary
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The main questions it aims to answer are:
1. Does focusing on the negative OR positive consequences of EHR errors in the investigator's messages to people, increase their likelihood of reviewing their EHRs?
2. Does focusing on the negative OR positive consequences of EHR errors in the investigators' messages to people, increase their likelihood of discovery and reporting of potential errors in their EHRs?
First, participants will take an initial short online survey (for about 5 minutes).
Next, participants will be asked to log into their patient portal and review their EHRs, a process that should take around 10 minutes.
Finally, they will proceed with the same survey for an additional 5 minutes, providing responses about their healthcare provider, patient portals, EHR errors, and some basic demographic details.
Detailed Description
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Participation typically takes no more than 20 minutes and is completely confidential. To begin, participants will voluntarily consent to take part in the study. If participants agree to participate, the study process will involve the following steps:
Survey Participation: Initially, participants will complete a short survey lasting about 5 minutes, where participants will answer questions about trust, distrust, and privacy concerns.
EHR Review: Next, participants will be instructed to access their patient portal and review their EHRs, which will take approximately 10 minutes.
Final Survey: Afterward, participants will continue the same survey for another 5 minutes, answering questions about their healthcare provider, patient portals, EHR errors, and some basic demographic information.
All responses are kept confidential, and no individual participant data will be identified. The data will be aggregated and published in a summary form only. Although the study is hosted on a secure https server, there is a minimal risk of unauthorized access (e.g., by hackers). Participants' Prolific IDs will not be linked to participants' survey responses, and the investigators will not access any personally identifying information on participants' Prolific Academic profiles.
Participation is voluntary, and choosing not to participate will not affect participants' rights or benefits. Participants may withdraw from the study at any time without penalty or loss of benefits.
Conditions
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Keywords
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Study Design
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RANDOMIZED
FACTORIAL
OTHER
DOUBLE
Study Groups
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Control group
The participants in this arm will not receive any message, encouraging them to review their EHRs and report any potential errors.
No interventions assigned to this group
Gain Framing x Egocentric x "Errors"
The participants in this arm will receive the following message using the term "errors", encouraging them to review their EHRs and report any potential errors: "If you review your medical record, there is a 20% risk of having an error in your EHR. This is a great opportunity to act as your own best advocate, check your EHRs to identify any potential errors, and improve your health outcomes."
Framing
The participants will receive different messages using different terms and behavioral framings, encouraging them to review their EHRs and report any potential errors. These wording variations are expected to induce variance in subjects' behaviors with regard to the likelihood of reviewing EHRs, as well as discovering and reporting potential errors in them.
Loss Framing x Egocentric x "Errors"
The participants in this arm will receive the following message using the term "errors", encouraging them to review their EHRs and report any potential errors: "If you review your medical record, there is a 20% risk of having an error in your EHR. Taking no action could lead to severe health-related consequences and occasionally be deadly. Act now and save yourself from experiencing the preventable negative consequences of having a potential error in your EHR."
Framing
The participants will receive different messages using different terms and behavioral framings, encouraging them to review their EHRs and report any potential errors. These wording variations are expected to induce variance in subjects' behaviors with regard to the likelihood of reviewing EHRs, as well as discovering and reporting potential errors in them.
Gain Framing x Allocentric x "Errors"
The participants in this arm will receive the following message using the term "errors", encouraging them to review their EHRs and report any potential errors: "If you review your medical record, there is a 20% risk of having an error in your EHR. Such errors can also affect those close to us not just ourselves. This is a great opportunity to act in the interest of your loved ones by improving your health outcomes via checking your EHRs to identify any potential errors. Your loved ones will thank you for prioritizing your safety."
Framing
The participants will receive different messages using different terms and behavioral framings, encouraging them to review their EHRs and report any potential errors. These wording variations are expected to induce variance in subjects' behaviors with regard to the likelihood of reviewing EHRs, as well as discovering and reporting potential errors in them.
Loss Framing x Allocentric x "Errors"
The participants in this arm will receive the following message using the term "errors", encouraging them to review their EHRs and report any potential errors: "If you review your medical record, there is a 20% risk of having an error in your EHR. Such errors can also affect those close to us not just ourselves. Taking no action could lead to severe health-related consequences and occasionally be deadly. Act now and save your loved ones from experiencing the preventable negative consequences of having a potential error in your EHR. Your loved ones will thank you for prioritizing your safety."
Framing
The participants will receive different messages using different terms and behavioral framings, encouraging them to review their EHRs and report any potential errors. These wording variations are expected to induce variance in subjects' behaviors with regard to the likelihood of reviewing EHRs, as well as discovering and reporting potential errors in them.
Gain Framing x Egocentric x "Unintended Mistakes"
The participants in this arm will receive the following message using the term "unintended mistakes", encouraging them to review their EHRs and report any potential errors: "If you review your medical record, there is a 20% risk of having an unintended mistake in your EHR. This is a great opportunity to act as your own best advocate, check your EHRs to identify any potential unintended mistakes, and improve your health outcomes."
Framing
The participants will receive different messages using different terms and behavioral framings, encouraging them to review their EHRs and report any potential errors. These wording variations are expected to induce variance in subjects' behaviors with regard to the likelihood of reviewing EHRs, as well as discovering and reporting potential errors in them.
Loss Framing x Egocentric x "Unintended Mistakes"
The participants in this arm will receive the following message using the term "unintended mistakes", encouraging them to review their EHRs and report any potential errors: "If you review your medical record, there is a 20% risk of having an unintended mistake in your EHR. Taking no action could lead to severe health-related consequences and occasionally be deadly. Act now and save yourself from experiencing the preventable negative consequences of having a potential unintended mistake in your EHR."
Framing
The participants will receive different messages using different terms and behavioral framings, encouraging them to review their EHRs and report any potential errors. These wording variations are expected to induce variance in subjects' behaviors with regard to the likelihood of reviewing EHRs, as well as discovering and reporting potential errors in them.
Gain Framing x Allocentric x "Unintended Mistakes"
The participants in this arm will receive the following message using the term "unintended mistakes", encouraging them to review their EHRs and report any potential errors: "If you review your medical record, there is a 20% risk of having an unintended mistake in your EHR. Such unintended mistakes can also affect those close to us not just ourselves. This is a great opportunity to act in the interest of your loved ones by improving your health outcomes via checking your EHRs to identify any potential unintended mistakes. Your loved ones will thank you for prioritizing your safety."
Framing
The participants will receive different messages using different terms and behavioral framings, encouraging them to review their EHRs and report any potential errors. These wording variations are expected to induce variance in subjects' behaviors with regard to the likelihood of reviewing EHRs, as well as discovering and reporting potential errors in them.
Loss Framing x Allocentric x "Unintended Mistakes"
The participants in this arm will receive the following message using the term "unintended mistakes", encouraging them to review their EHRs and report any potential errors: "If you review your medical record, there is a 20% risk of having an unintended mistake in your EHR. Such unintended mistakes can also affect those close to us not just ourselves. Taking no action could lead to severe health-related consequences and occasionally be deadly. Act now and save your loved ones from experiencing the preventable negative consequences of having a potential unintended mistake in your EHR. Your loved ones will thank you for prioritizing your safety."
Framing
The participants will receive different messages using different terms and behavioral framings, encouraging them to review their EHRs and report any potential errors. These wording variations are expected to induce variance in subjects' behaviors with regard to the likelihood of reviewing EHRs, as well as discovering and reporting potential errors in them.
Gain Framing x Egocentric x "Inaccuracies"
The participants in this arm will receive the following message using the term "inaccuracies", encouraging them to review their EHRs and report any potential errors: "If you review your medical record, there is a 20% risk of having an inaccuracy in your EHR. This is a great opportunity to act as your own best advocate, check your EHRs to identify any potential inaccuracies, and improve your health outcomes."
Framing
The participants will receive different messages using different terms and behavioral framings, encouraging them to review their EHRs and report any potential errors. These wording variations are expected to induce variance in subjects' behaviors with regard to the likelihood of reviewing EHRs, as well as discovering and reporting potential errors in them.
Loss Framing x Egocentric x "Inaccuracies"
The participants in this arm will receive the following message using the term "inaccuracies", encouraging them to review their EHRs and report any potential errors: "If you review your medical record, there is a 20% risk of having an e inaccuracy in your EHR. Taking no action could lead to severe health-related consequences and occasionally be deadly. Act now and save yourself from experiencing the preventable negative consequences of having a potential inaccuracy in your EHR."
Framing
The participants will receive different messages using different terms and behavioral framings, encouraging them to review their EHRs and report any potential errors. These wording variations are expected to induce variance in subjects' behaviors with regard to the likelihood of reviewing EHRs, as well as discovering and reporting potential errors in them.
Gain Framing x Allocentric x "Inaccuracies"
The participants in this arm will receive the following message using the term "inaccuracies", encouraging them to review their EHRs and report any potential errors: "If you review your medical record, there is a 20% risk of having an inaccuracy in your EHR. Such inaccuracies can also affect those close to us not just ourselves. This is a great opportunity to act in the interest of your loved ones by improving your health outcomes via checking your EHRs to identify any potential inaccuracies. Your loved ones will thank you for prioritizing your safety."
Framing
The participants will receive different messages using different terms and behavioral framings, encouraging them to review their EHRs and report any potential errors. These wording variations are expected to induce variance in subjects' behaviors with regard to the likelihood of reviewing EHRs, as well as discovering and reporting potential errors in them.
Loss Framing x Allocentric x "Inaccuracies"
The participants in this arm will receive the following message using the term "inaccuracies", encouraging them to review their EHRs and report any potential errors: "If you review your medical record, there is a 20% risk of having an inaccuracy in your EHR. Such inaccuracies can also affect those close to us not just ourselves. Taking no action could lead to severe health-related consequences and occasionally be deadly. Act now and save your loved ones from experiencing the preventable negative consequences of having a potential inaccuracy in your EHR. Your loved ones will thank you for prioritizing your safety."
Framing
The participants will receive different messages using different terms and behavioral framings, encouraging them to review their EHRs and report any potential errors. These wording variations are expected to induce variance in subjects' behaviors with regard to the likelihood of reviewing EHRs, as well as discovering and reporting potential errors in them.
Interventions
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Framing
The participants will receive different messages using different terms and behavioral framings, encouraging them to review their EHRs and report any potential errors. These wording variations are expected to induce variance in subjects' behaviors with regard to the likelihood of reviewing EHRs, as well as discovering and reporting potential errors in them.
Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria
* Subjects should have checked their EHR in the past 12 months
Exclusion Criteria
* Not having checked their EHR in the past 12 months
18 Years
99 Years
ALL
Yes
Sponsors
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Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
OTHER
University of Pennsylvania
OTHER
The University of Texas at Dallas
OTHER
Responsible Party
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Dr. Ryan Raimi
Assistant Professor of Information Systems
Principal Investigators
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Ryan Raimi, PhD
Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
The University of Texas at Dallas
Locations
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Naveen Jindal School of Management, The University of Texas at Dallas
Richardson, Texas, United States
Countries
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Central Contacts
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Other Identifiers
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IRB-26-19
Identifier Type: -
Identifier Source: org_study_id