Tirzepatide vs Liraglutide in Bone

NCT ID: NCT07094568

Last Updated: 2026-01-21

Basic Information

• Recruitment Status: RECRUITING
• Total Enrollment: 72 participants
• Study Classification: OBSERVATIONAL
• Study Start Date: 2025-05-23
• Study Completion Date: 2026-12-30

Brief Summary

This prospective cohort study investigates the effects of tirzepatide versus liraglutide on bone turnover markers and body composition in adults with class 3 obesity, characterised by Body Mass Index (BMI) ≥40 kg/m². Participants will be followed for 6 months with assessments at baseline, 3 and 6. The primary outcome is the change in bone resorption marker C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX) at 3 months. Secondary outcomes include changes in body weight, BMI, bone mineral density (BMD), and body composition. The study aims to clarify the differential impact of weight loss achieved through tirzepatide versus liraglutide on bone metabolism and body composition in adults with obesity.

Detailed Description

Title of the study Comparative investigation of changes in body composition and bone turnover markers in people with obesity after treatment with tirzepatide versus liraglutide. A prospective cohort study.

Research Hypothesis:

The investigators hypothesize that treatment with tirzepatide versus liraglutide will yield distinct effects on markers of bone turnover and body composition, independent of the magnitude of weight loss due to different molecular mechanisms of action.

Keywords Obesity, Bone Metabolism, Body Composition, Lean mass, Free Fat Mass, Fat Mass, Tirzepatide, Liraglutide, CTX, P1NP, TRAP5b

Introduction Obesity is a growing global health concern, associated with various metabolic disorders, including hypertension, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, sleep apnea and ultimately cardiovascular events. Obesity has also been linked to osteoporosis and high risk of fragility fractures. However, this relationship remains complex, as it involves multiple factors, including mechanical load from body weight, the type and distribution of adipose tissue, imbalances in nutrient intake, and a wide variety of cytokines (adipokines) and hormones secreted by the adipose tissue. On the other hand, rapid and substantial weight loss is associated with a significant reduction in bone mineral density (BMD), osteomalacia and increased risk of fragility fractures. Assessment of bone turnover status can be reliably assessed by circulating levels of bone turnover markers (BTMs) such as the bone resorption markers C-terminal telopeptide of type I (CTX), and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP5b), which evaluates bone resorptive capacity and is not influenced by renal clearance and bone formation markers such as procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide (P1NP). Clinical trials have demonstrated that diet-induced weight loss is associated with deterioration of bone metabolism, as indicated by alterations in BTMs and Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) measurements of BMD. In addition, bariatric management of obesity, particularly malabsorptive surgical modalities, are known to increase the risk of fractures at two years postoperatively. Weight-loss treatments such as liraglutide, the first injectable Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist approved for obesity, and tirzepatide, a dual GLP-1/Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptor agonist recently approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicines Agency for treating obesity, has shown efficacy in weight management but their effects on bone metabolism are not fully understood. Liraglutide administration in diabetic mice improves bone health, by altering the levels of BTMs CTX, osteoprotegerin (OPG), osteocalcin (OC), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide (P1NP), reducing the number of osteoclasts, and improving bone architecture. Similarly, in mice models with glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP) under liraglutide treatment, BMD and bone microarchitecture is improved, with reductions in BTMs such as Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase type 5b (TRACP-5b) and CTX, and increases in ALP and OPG. A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial of 56 individuals with diabetes (mean age: 63 years) showed that liraglutide at a dose of 1.8 mg did not affect bone metabolism despite a reduction in body weight. Another randomized controlled study of 37 women with obesity (mean age 46 years, BMI 34kg/m2) who lost 12% of body weight after a 12-week low-calorie diet and were subsequently randomized to placebo or liraglutide at a dose of 1.2 mg, found that liraglutide increased P1NP levels by 16%, highlighting its positive effects on bone metabolism following weight loss. Nevertheless, clinical data on the effects of liraglutide on bone metabolism are limited. Regarding tirzepatide, the pronounced weight loss from its administration seems to have a neutral effect on bone mass and microarchitecture in diabetic mice, with no significant changes in BTMs. However, no clinical data are currently available regarding tirzepatide effect on bone metabolism. The concern, however, is that the combination of GLP-1 and GIP, which leads to greater weight loss, may have a different impact on bone metabolism than GLP-1 agonists alone.

Necessity/ Originality The available human studies in populations with diabetes and obesity are limited, with most reaching a maximum dose of Liraglutide in 1.8 mg daily and not resulting in significant weight loss associations with bone metabolism. There are no human studies with tirzepatide concerning its impact on bone metabolism.

The necessity and originality of the study lies in the fact that no previous research has investigated the effects of tirzepatide (at maximum doses of 10 -15 mg weekly) and liraglutide (at dose of 3 mg daily) on both body composition parameters and bone metabolism in individuals with obesity.

The aim of the present study is to investigate the potential differential effects of tirzepatide versus liraglutide on bone turnover status and body composition parameters in patients living with obesity and explore the association with differences in the magnitude of weight loss and the different mechanisms of action (GlP-1 agonism versus GIP/GLP-1 synergy).

Primary - Objectives:

1. To evaluate the impact of tirzepatide on bone turnover status and bone mineral density in patients with obesity.

2. To assess the effects of liraglutide on bone turnover status and bone mineral density in patients with obesity.

3. To compare the alterations in bone metabolism across the 2 intervention groups, after adjustments for the differences in weight loss.

Secondary - Objectives:

1. To evaluate the impact of tirzepatide on body composition parameters in patients with obesity.

2. To assess the effects of liraglutide on body composition parameters in patients with obesity.

3. To compare the alterations in body composition parameters across the 2 intervention groups, after adjustments for the differences in weight loss.

Significance of the Study/ Clinical relevance This research will provide valuable data regarding the effects of weight-loss medications on bone health and body composition in individuals living with obesity. The findings may influence clinical practice guidelines and therapeutic approaches in managing obesity and its associated complications.

Methodology

1. Study Design:

Open-label observational cohort study

2. Inclusion Criteria-Participants:

Adults aged over 30 years with BMI ≥40 kg/m²

3. Exclusion criteria:

• Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM)
• Chronic kidney disease
• Liver failure
• Heart failure
• Malignancy coexistence
• Previous bariatric or gastrointestinal surgery involving intestinal bypass
• Uncontrolled hypo/hyperthyroidism
• Uncontrolled hypo/hyperparathyroidism
• Pregnancy and lactation
• Recent fracture (within 2 years)
• Rare Metabolic Bone Diseases (e.g., Paget's disease of bone, fibrous dysplasia, osteopetrosis)
• Inflammatory arthritis
• Medications which can affect bone markers: bone-anabolic agents, antiresorptive agents, antiandrogenic agents, vitamin K antagonists, antipsychotic agents, contraceptives, glucocorticoids (oral), methotrexate, thiazides, aromatase inhibitors etc)
• Hemolytic anemia

Patients who will be deemed eligible for the study and sign the informed consent form will undergo the following research protocol.

4. The step-by-step process of the study Visit 1 Medical history documentation and measurement of anthropometric parameters (Height, Weight, BMI, Waist-to-Hip Ratio, waist to height ratio).

Assessment of SARC-F questionnaire , Short-Form 36 (SF-36) Health Survey and Perceived Stress Scale - 14 item (PSS-14) (validated for the Greek population).

Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) Resting Metabolic Rate (RMR). Grip strength, Chair stand test and Gait speed. DXA at three skeletal sites (lumbar spine and both hips), calculation of Trabecular Bone Score (TBS) and Whole-Body Scan.

Blood sampling*. Hypocaloric diet designed by the same dietary team, providing an energy intake 20-30% below the Total Energy Expenditure, as estimated from the Resting Metabolic Rate and exercise recommendations.

Patients then will be prescribed liraglutide or tirzepatide based on their discretion and their treating physician's choice.

Weekly estimation of each participant from Group A - liraglutide Group to assess the potential for a dosage increase starting from an initial dose of 0.6 mg daily, with incremental increases of 0.6 mg, up to the maximum tolerated dose, with a maximum target dose of 3 mg per day.

Monthly estimation of each patient from Group B - tirzepatide Group to assess the potential for a dosage increase, starting from an initial dose of 2.5 mg weekly, up to the maximum tolerated dose, with a maximum target dose of 10-15 mg per week.

Visit 2-Follow up in 3rd month Medical history documentation and measurement of anthropometric parameters (Height, Weight, BMI, Waist-to-Hip Ratio, waist to height ratio).

BIA. Grip strength, Chair stand test and Gait speed. Blood sampling*. Patients continue to receive liraglutide or tirzepatide. Monitoring the adherence to the diet and exercise program based on the patient's reports.

Visit 3-Follow up in 6th month Medical history documentation and measurement of anthropometric parameters (Height, Weight, BMI, Waist-to-Hip Ratio, waist to height ratio).

Assessment of SARC-F questionnaire, SF-36 Health Survey and PSS-14 (35) (validated for the Greek population).

BIA. RMR. Grip strength, Chair stand test and Gait speed. DXA at three skeletal sites (lumbar spine and both hips), calculation of TBS and Whole-Body Scan.

Blood sampling*. Patients continue to receive liraglutide or tirzepatide. Monitoring the adherence to the diet and exercise program based on the patient's reports.

• Blood sampling for the determination of CTX, P1NP, TRAPC5b, OC, calcium, phosphate, albumin, ALP, parathyroid hormone (PTH), 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), adiponectin, leptin, and insulin will be conducted during the morning hours between 8 and 10 a.m., following an 8-hour fasting period and avoidance of strenuous exercise the previous day. For premenopausal women, blood sampling will be conducted during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle, based on the patient's menstrual history.

5. Study Endpoints:

• The primary endpoint is to investigate comparative changes in the bone resorption marker CTX at 3 months with liraglutide vs tirzepatide.
• Secondary endpoints include:

1. changes in body weight and BMI at 6 months

2. BMD and body composition parameters measured by DXA scan at baseline and after 6 months of intervention.

6. Data Analysis:

• Statistical analysis will be performed using ANOVA for comparison between groups. Correlation with changes in weight and bone metabolism indices will also be assessed using regression analysis.

7. Sample size calculation The sample size calculation for this study was based on the least significant change (LSC) of the C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX) marker in serum at three months. Using this threshold, the investigators determined that a total of 32 patients per arm would be required to achieve adequate statistical power (80% statistical power (false negative), 5% error (false positive). With anticipated drop-out rate of 10%, about 36 participants/ per group should be randomized, ensuring sufficient power to detect meaningful changes in CTX levels while accounting for potential variability in the biomarker response.

8. Recruitment centers Laikο General Hospital, Athens Athens Medical Center Sotiria General Hospital 251 Hellenic Air Force & VA General Hospital Evangelismos Hospital

9. Protocol for Sample Collection and Processing Fasting Status: Blood samples are collected after an overnight fast. Vigorous exercise is avoided on the day prior to sample collection.

Timing of Collection: Samples are collected between 7:30 a.m. and 10:00 a.m. Sample Type: Serum and EDTA plasma are used. Sample Processing: Samples are centrifuged immediately and serum and plasma separated and stored into aliquots. Hemolysis is avoided during handling.

Storage Conditions: Samples are stored at ≤-20 °C until analysis. For long-term storage exceeding three months for CTX-I and six months for PINP, samples are maintained at ≤-70 °C.

Thawing and Preparation: Thawed samples are mixed thoroughly by inversion before analysis. Centrifugation is performed to remove particulates when necessary.

Consistency in Monitoring: The same sample type and identical handling conditions are maintained for patient monitoring.

Batch Analysis of Serial Samples: Serial samples are frozen and analyzed collectively within the same batch.

10. Ethics The study will be reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of LAIKO General Hospital of Athens and the Ethics Committee of the Medical School of National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, before initiation. It will be conducted in compliance with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki, ensuring the protection of participants' rights, safety, and well-being. All participants will provide informed consent before enrollment, and the study will adhere to all relevant regulatory and institutional guidelines for clinical research.

11. Processing capabilities:

1. Timeline: Recruitment: 6 months; may be extended up to 12 months Data Analysis: 3 months Authorship: at least 2 years

2. Budget: A detailed budget will be prepared, covering personnel costs, laboratory tests, participant incentives, and data analysis.

Conclusion:

This research aims to fill the gap in knowledge regarding how different interventions for obesity affect bone metabolism, which is crucial for developing comprehensive treatment protocols for people living with obesity.

Conditions

Obesity (Disorder)

Study Design

• Observational Model Type: COHORT
• Study Time Perspective: PROSPECTIVE

Study Groups

Liraglutide

Patients with obesity receiving liraglutide (up to maximum dose of 3mg daily)

No interventions assigned to this group

Tirzepatide

Patients with obesity receiving tirzepatide (up to dose of 10-15mg weekly)

No interventions assigned to this group

Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion Criteria

• Adults aged between 30 and 65 years
• BMI ≥40 kg/m²

Exclusion Criteria

• Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM)
• Chronic kidney disease
• Liver failure
• Heart failure
• Malignancy coexistence
• Previous bariatric or gastrointestinal surgery involving intestinal bypass
• Uncontrolled hypo/hyperthyroidism
• Uncontrolled hypo/hyperparathyroidism
• Pregnancy and lactation
• Recent fracture (within 2 years)
• Rare Metabolic Bone Diseases (e.g., Paget's disease of bone, fibrous dysplasia, osteopetrosis)
• Inflammatory arthritis
• Medications which can affect bone markers: bone-anabolic agents, antiresorptive agents, antiandrogenic agents, vitamin K antagonists, antipsychotic agents, contraceptives, glucocorticoids (oral), methotrexate, thiazides, aromatase inhibitors etc)
• Hemolytic anemia

• Minimum Eligible Age: 30 Years
• Maximum Eligible Age: 65 Years
• Eligible Sex: ALL
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Sponsors

Laikο General Hospital, Athens

OTHER

Sponsor Role: collaborator

Athens Medical Center

OTHER

Sponsor Role: collaborator

Sotiria General Hospital

OTHER

Sponsor Role: collaborator

251 Hellenic Air Force & VA General Hospital

OTHER

Sponsor Role: collaborator

Evangelismos Hospital

OTHER

Sponsor Role: collaborator

National and Kapodistrian University of Athens

OTHER

Sponsor Role: lead

Responsible Party

Maria Yavropoulou

Consultant Endocrinologist in the 1st Department of Propaedeutic and Internal Medicine, Medical School of the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA) and Deputy in Charge of (C.E.R.E.D) - Disorders of Calcium and Phosphate Metabolism

Responsibility Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Locations

Laiko General Hospital

Athens, Attica, Greece

Site Status: RECRUITING

Countries

Greece

Central Contacts

Maria Evangelia Koloutsou, Endocrinology Resident

Role: CONTACT

mkoloutsou@yahoo.com

+306986606272

Facility Contacts

Maria Evangelia Ioannis Koloutsou, MD (Medical Doctor)

Role: primary

mkoloutsou@yahoo.com

6986606272

Maria Evangelia Ioannis Koloutsou, MD (Medical Doctor)

Role: backup

mkoloutsou@yahoo.com

+306986606272

References

Rhee EJ. The Influence of Obesity and Metabolic Health on Vascular Health. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul). 2022 Feb;37(1):1-8. doi: 10.3803/EnM.2022.101. Epub 2022 Feb 28.

Reference Type: RESULT

PMID: 35255597 (View on PubMed)

Engin A. The Definition and Prevalence of Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2017;960:1-17. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-48382-5_1.

Reference Type: RESULT

PMID: 28585193 (View on PubMed)

Greenblatt MB, Tsai JN, Wein MN. Bone Turnover Markers in the Diagnosis and Monitoring of Metabolic Bone Disease. Clin Chem. 2017 Feb;63(2):464-474. doi: 10.1373/clinchem.2016.259085. Epub 2016 Dec 9.

Reference Type: RESULT

PMID: 27940448 (View on PubMed)

Katsarou A, Panagiotakos D, Zafeiropoulou A, Vryonis M, Skoularigis I, Tryposkiadis F, Papageorgiou C. Validation of a Greek version of PSS-14; a global measure of perceived stress. Cent Eur J Public Health. 2012 Jun;20(2):104-9. doi: 10.21101/cejph.a3698.

Reference Type: RESULT

PMID: 22966732 (View on PubMed)

Pappa E, Kontodimopoulos N, Niakas D. Validating and norming of the Greek SF-36 Health Survey. Qual Life Res. 2005 Jun;14(5):1433-8. doi: 10.1007/s11136-004-6014-y.

Reference Type: RESULT

PMID: 16047519 (View on PubMed)

Tsekoura M, Billis E, Tsepis E, Lampropoulou S, Beaudart C, Bruyere O, Yilmaz O, Bahat G, Gliatis J. Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Greek Version of the SARC-F for evaluating sarcopenia in Greek older adults. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact. 2020 Dec 1;20(4):505-512.

Reference Type: RESULT

PMID: 33265078 (View on PubMed)

Denarie D, Constant E, Thomas T, Marotte H. Could biomarkers of bone, cartilage or synovium turnover be used for relapse prediction in rheumatoid arthritis patients? Mediators Inflamm. 2014;2014:537324. doi: 10.1155/2014/537324. Epub 2014 Mar 12.

Reference Type: RESULT

PMID: 24744505 (View on PubMed)

Farup PG. Changes in bone turnover markers 6-12 months after bariatric surgery. Sci Rep. 2024 Jun 27;14(1):14844. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-65952-y.

Reference Type: RESULT

PMID: 38937532 (View on PubMed)

Wu C, Kato TS, Pronschinske K, Qiu S, Naka Y, Takayama H, Schulze-Spate U, Cremers S, Shane E, Mancini D, Schulze PC. Dynamics of bone turnover markers in patients with heart failure and following haemodynamic improvement through ventricular assist device implantation. Eur J Heart Fail. 2012 Dec;14(12):1356-65. doi: 10.1093/eurjhf/hfs138. Epub 2012 Sep 18.

Reference Type: RESULT

PMID: 22989867 (View on PubMed)

Woodcock A. Effects of inhaled corticosteroids on bone density and metabolism. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1998 Apr;101(4 Pt 2):S456-9. doi: 10.1016/s0091-6749(98)70159-9.

Reference Type: RESULT

PMID: 9563372 (View on PubMed)

Weerasinghe DK, Hodge JM, Pasco JA, Samarasinghe RM, Azimi Manavi B, Williams LJ. Antipsychotic-induced bone loss: the role of dopamine, serotonin and adrenergic receptor signalling. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2023 May 25;11:1184550. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1184550. eCollection 2023.

Reference Type: RESULT

PMID: 37305679 (View on PubMed)

Loncar G, Cvetinovic N, Lainscak M, Isakovic A, von Haehling S. Bone in heart failure. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2020 Apr;11(2):381-393. doi: 10.1002/jcsm.12516. Epub 2020 Feb 22.

Reference Type: RESULT

PMID: 32087616 (View on PubMed)

Vasikaran S, Eastell R, Bruyere O, Foldes AJ, Garnero P, Griesmacher A, McClung M, Morris HA, Silverman S, Trenti T, Wahl DA, Cooper C, Kanis JA; IOF-IFCC Bone Marker Standards Working Group. Markers of bone turnover for the prediction of fracture risk and monitoring of osteoporosis treatment: a need for international reference standards. Osteoporos Int. 2011 Feb;22(2):391-420. doi: 10.1007/s00198-010-1501-1. Epub 2010 Dec 24.

Reference Type: RESULT

PMID: 21184054 (View on PubMed)

Schini M, Vilaca T, Gossiel F, Salam S, Eastell R. Bone Turnover Markers: Basic Biology to Clinical Applications. Endocr Rev. 2023 May 8;44(3):417-473. doi: 10.1210/endrev/bnac031.

Reference Type: RESULT

PMID: 36510335 (View on PubMed)

Filella X, Guanabens N. Clinical use of bone markers: a challenge to variability. Adv Lab Med. 2023 Aug 28;5(1):7-14. doi: 10.1515/almed-2023-0092. eCollection 2024 Mar.

Reference Type: RESULT

PMID: 38634081 (View on PubMed)

Lv F, Cai X, Lin C, Yang W, Ji L. Effects of Semaglutide and Tirzepatide on Bone Metabolism in Type 2 Diabetic Mice. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2024 Dec 9;17(12):1655. doi: 10.3390/ph17121655.

Reference Type: RESULT

PMID: 39770498 (View on PubMed)

Iepsen EW, Lundgren JR, Hartmann B, Pedersen O, Hansen T, Jorgensen NR, Jensen JE, Holst JJ, Madsbad S, Torekov SS. GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Treatment Increases Bone Formation and Prevents Bone Loss in Weight-Reduced Obese Women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2015 Aug;100(8):2909-17. doi: 10.1210/jc.2015-1176. Epub 2015 Jun 4.

Reference Type: RESULT

PMID: 26043228 (View on PubMed)

Hygum K, Harslof T, Jorgensen NR, Rungby J, Pedersen SB, Langdahl BL. Bone resorption is unchanged by liraglutide in type 2 diabetes patients: A randomised controlled trial. Bone. 2020 Mar;132:115197. doi: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.115197. Epub 2019 Dec 20.

Reference Type: RESULT

PMID: 31870634 (View on PubMed)

Yang L, Yang J, Pan T, Zhong X. Liraglutide increases bone formation and inhibits bone resorption in rats with glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. J Endocrinol Invest. 2019 Sep;42(9):1125-1131. doi: 10.1007/s40618-019-01034-5. Epub 2019 Apr 6.

Reference Type: RESULT

PMID: 30955181 (View on PubMed)

Cheng Y, Liu P, Xiang Q, Liang J, Chen H, Zhang H, Yang L. Glucagon-like peptide-1 attenuates diabetes-associated osteoporosis in ZDF rat, possibly through the RAGE pathway. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2022 May 17;23(1):465. doi: 10.1186/s12891-022-05396-5.

Reference Type: RESULT

PMID: 35581617 (View on PubMed)

Wen B, Zhao L, Zhao H, Wang X. Liraglutide exerts a bone-protective effect in ovariectomized rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes by inhibiting osteoclastogenesis. Exp Ther Med. 2018 Jun;15(6):5077-5083. doi: 10.3892/etm.2018.6043. Epub 2018 Apr 10.

Reference Type: RESULT

PMID: 29805533 (View on PubMed)

Fathy MA, Anbaig A, Aljafil R, El-Sayed SF, Abdelnour HM, Ahmed MM, Abdelghany EMA, Alnasser SM, Hassan SMA, Shalaby AM. Effect of Liraglutide on Osteoporosis in a Rat Model of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Histological, Immunohistochemical, and Biochemical Study. Microsc Microanal. 2023 Dec 21;29(6):2053-2067. doi: 10.1093/micmic/ozad102.

Reference Type: RESULT

PMID: 37832035 (View on PubMed)

Stefanakis K, Kokkorakis M, Mantzoros CS. The impact of weight loss on fat-free mass, muscle, bone and hematopoiesis health: Implications for emerging pharmacotherapies aiming at fat reduction and lean mass preservation. Metabolism. 2024 Dec;161:156057. doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2024.156057. Epub 2024 Oct 30.

Reference Type: RESULT

PMID: 39481534 (View on PubMed)

Batsis JA. Obesity in the Older Adult: Special Issue. J Nutr Gerontol Geriatr. 2019 Jan-Mar;38(1):1-5. doi: 10.1080/21551197.2018.1564197. Epub 2019 Feb 26. No abstract available.

Reference Type: RESULT

PMID: 30806583 (View on PubMed)

Saad RK, Ghezzawi M, Habli D, Alami RS, Chakhtoura M. Fracture risk following bariatric surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Osteoporos Int. 2022 Mar;33(3):511-526. doi: 10.1007/s00198-021-06206-9. Epub 2022 Jan 5.

Reference Type: RESULT

PMID: 34988627 (View on PubMed)

Wright CS, Li J, Campbell WW. Effects of Dietary Protein Quantity on Bone Quantity following Weight Loss: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Adv Nutr. 2019 Nov 1;10(6):1089-1107. doi: 10.1093/advances/nmz058.

Reference Type: RESULT

PMID: 31301138 (View on PubMed)

Zibellini J, Seimon RV, Lee CM, Gibson AA, Hsu MS, Shapses SA, Nguyen TV, Sainsbury A. Does Diet-Induced Weight Loss Lead to Bone Loss in Overweight or Obese Adults? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Clinical Trials. J Bone Miner Res. 2015 Dec;30(12):2168-78. doi: 10.1002/jbmr.2564. Epub 2015 Jun 16.

Reference Type: RESULT

PMID: 26012544 (View on PubMed)

Szulc P, Naylor K, Hoyle NR, Eastell R, Leary ET; National Bone Health Alliance Bone Turnover Marker Project. Use of CTX-I and PINP as bone turnover markers: National Bone Health Alliance recommendations to standardize sample handling and patient preparation to reduce pre-analytical variability. Osteoporos Int. 2017 Sep;28(9):2541-2556. doi: 10.1007/s00198-017-4082-4. Epub 2017 Jun 19.

Reference Type: RESULT

PMID: 28631236 (View on PubMed)

Patel N, Ganti L. The Treatment and Monitoring of Osteoporosis using Bone Turnover Markers. Orthop Rev (Pavia). 2025 Jan 6;17:127772. doi: 10.52965/001c.127772. eCollection 2025.

Reference Type: RESULT

PMID: 39790440 (View on PubMed)

Hunter GR, Plaisance EP, Fisher G. Weight loss and bone mineral density. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes. 2014 Oct;21(5):358-62. doi: 10.1097/MED.0000000000000087.

Reference Type: RESULT

PMID: 25105997 (View on PubMed)

Rinonapoli G, Pace V, Ruggiero C, Ceccarini P, Bisaccia M, Meccariello L, Caraffa A. Obesity and Bone: A Complex Relationship. Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Dec 20;22(24):13662. doi: 10.3390/ijms222413662.

Reference Type: RESULT

PMID: 34948466 (View on PubMed)

Li H, Qiu J, Gao Z, Li C, Chu J. Association between waist-to-height ratio and osteoporosis in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: a cross-sectional study. Front Med (Lausanne). 2024 Dec 18;11:1486611. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1486611. eCollection 2024.

Reference Type: RESULT

PMID: 39744530 (View on PubMed)

Liu Y, Liu Y, Huang Y, Le S, Jiang H, Ruan B, Ao X, Shi X, Fu X, Wang S. The effect of overweight or obesity on osteoporosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Nutr. 2023 Dec;42(12):2457-2467. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2023.10.013. Epub 2023 Oct 18.

Reference Type: RESULT

PMID: 37925778 (View on PubMed)

Hou J, He C, He W, Yang M, Luo X, Li C. Obesity and Bone Health: A Complex Link. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2020 Dec 21;8:600181. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2020.600181. eCollection 2020.

Reference Type: RESULT

PMID: 33409277 (View on PubMed)

Gkastaris K, Goulis DG, Potoupnis M, Anastasilakis AD, Kapetanos G. Obesity, osteoporosis and bone metabolism. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact. 2020 Sep 1;20(3):372-381.

Reference Type: RESULT

PMID: 32877973 (View on PubMed)

Cauley JA. Public health impact of osteoporosis. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2013 Oct;68(10):1243-51. doi: 10.1093/gerona/glt093. Epub 2013 Jul 31.

Reference Type: RESULT

PMID: 23902935 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

7130/23-05-25

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id