Duration of Perioperative Antibiotics in Pancreatoduodenectomy

NCT ID: NCT07043855

Last Updated: 2025-07-02

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

NOT_YET_RECRUITING

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

558 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2025-08-31

Study Completion Date

2027-10-31

Brief Summary

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The goal of this clinical trial is to learn if different prophylactic antibiotic regimens can prevent surgical site infections in adult patients undergoing pancreatoduodenectomy. The main questions it aims to answer are:

Does a single preoperative dose of cefazolin reduce the risk of surgical site infection? Does a three-day combination of cefotaxime plus metronidazole reduce the risk of surgical site infection? Researchers will compare a single dose of cefazolin to a three-day course of cefotaxime + metronidazole to see if there is a difference in postoperative infection rates.

Participants will:

* Be randomly assigned to one of two antibiotic regimens before and after surgery
* Receive either Arm A: one dose of cefazolin immediately before surgery Arm B: cefoxitin for perioperative antibiotics followed by cefotaxime plus metronidazole administered for three days after surgery
* Undergo routine postoperative monitoring for signs of infection
* Have any surgical site infections and related complications recorded until 30 days after surgery

Detailed Description

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1. Brief background:

Pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) is one of the major hepatobiliopancreatic surgical procedures, with postoperative infectious complication rates reaching approximately 20-40%. International guidelines recommend a single preoperative dose of cefazolin as prophylactic antibiotic therapy for PD. However, due to concerns about high infectious complication rates, some institutions administer antibiotics for more than 24 hours postoperatively. This study aims to compare the surgical site infection rates between the internationally recommended single-dose cefazolin regimen and the current practice at Asan Medical Center of perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis consisting of preoperative second-generation cephalosporin (cefoxitin) administration followed by postoperative combined cefotaxime and metronidazole therapy for 3 days in patients undergoing PD. Through this comparison, we seek to contribute to establishing effective and safe antibiotic prophylaxis guidelines and advancing antimicrobial stewardship efforts for this patient population.

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2. Protocol summary:

This phase III, single-center randomized study at Seoul, Asan Medical Center will compare the efficacy of two antibiotic prophylaxis regimens in adult patients undergoing pancreatoduodenectomy. A total of 558 participants will be enrolled over a two-year period (from IRB approval), with follow-up through 30 days postoperatively. After informed consent and stratification by biliary stent status, patients will be randomized 1:1 to: (1) Intervention arm: single dose of cefazolin administered within 1 hour before skin incision. (2) Control (conventional) arm: Single dose of cefoxitin within 1 hour before skin incision, followed by cefotaxime plus metronidazole on postoperative days 1-3.

Participants will be assessed for surgical site infection (SSI) and other infectious complications. The primary outcome is the incidence of SSI within 30 days

Conditions

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Pancreatoduodenectomy PPPD Infectious Complications

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Primary Study Purpose

PREVENTION

Blinding Strategy

NONE

Study Groups

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single dose preoperative antibiotic

Single Preoperative Dose of Cefazolin

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

single dose preoperative antibiotic

Intervention Type DRUG

Arm A is a single preoperative dose of cefazolin administered immediately before surgery

prolonged perioperative antibiotics

Preoperative Single-Dose Cefoxitin followed by Three-Day Cefotaxime and Metronidazole Prophylaxis

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Prolonged perioperative antibiotics

Intervention Type DRUG

Preoperative Single-Dose Cefoxitin followed by Three-Day Cefotaxime and Metronidazole Prophylaxis

Interventions

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single dose preoperative antibiotic

Arm A is a single preoperative dose of cefazolin administered immediately before surgery

Intervention Type DRUG

Prolonged perioperative antibiotics

Preoperative Single-Dose Cefoxitin followed by Three-Day Cefotaxime and Metronidazole Prophylaxis

Intervention Type DRUG

Other Intervention Names

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cefazolin cefoxitin followed by 3-day cefotaxime plus metronidazole

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* Male and female adults aged 18 to 80 years old scheduled for pancreaticoduodenectomy for any indication (including open, laparoscopic, and robotic surgery).
* Patients who have received sufficient explanation about this clinical trial and have voluntarily decided to participate and provided written informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria

* History of Type 1 immediate hypersensitivity reaction to cefazolin, cefotaxime, or metronidazole.
* Active or uncontrolled infection prior to surgery for which treatment has not been completed.
* Use of antibiotics for any reason within 1 week prior to surgery.
* Long-term use of immunosuppressants due to other concomitant diseases.
* Undergoing dialysis or having renal dysfunction of KDIGO Grade 3 or higher (GFR \< 45).
* Pregnancy or breastfeeding.
Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

80 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

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Asan Medical Center

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Sung-Han Kim

Professor

Responsibility Role PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

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Sung-Han Kim, MD, PhD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Asan Medical Center

Locations

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Asan Medical Center

Seoul, , South Korea

Site Status

Countries

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South Korea

Central Contacts

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Sung-Han Kim, MD, PhD

Role: CONTACT

+82-2-3010-3305

So Yun Lim, MD, PhD

Role: CONTACT

+82-2-3010-3261

Facility Contacts

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Sung-Han Kim, MD PhD

Role: primary

+82-2-3010-3305

So Yun Lim, MD, PhD

Role: backup

+82-2-3010-3261

References

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Hwang DW, Kim HJ, Lee JH, Song KB, Kim MH, Lee SK, Choi KT, Jun IG, Bang JY, Kim SC. Effect of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery program on pancreaticoduodenectomy: a randomized controlled trial. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci. 2019 Aug;26(8):360-369. doi: 10.1002/jhbp.641. Epub 2019 Jul 2.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 31152686 (View on PubMed)

Bratzler DW, Dellinger EP, Olsen KM, Perl TM, Auwaerter PG, Bolon MK, Fish DN, Napolitano LM, Sawyer RG, Slain D, Steinberg JP, Weinstein RA; American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (ASHP); Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA); Surgical Infection Society (SIS); Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA). Clinical practice guidelines for antimicrobial prophylaxis in surgery. Surg Infect (Larchmt). 2013 Feb;14(1):73-156. doi: 10.1089/sur.2013.9999. Epub 2013 Mar 5. No abstract available.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 23461695 (View on PubMed)

Boyev A, Arvide EM, Newhook TE, Prakash LR, Bruno ML, Dewhurst WL, Kim MP, Maxwell JE, Ikoma N, Snyder RA, Lee JE, Katz MHG, Tzeng CD. Prophylactic Antibiotic Duration and Infectious Complications in Pancreatoduodenectomy Patients With Biliary Stents: Opportunity for De-escalation. Ann Surg. 2024 Apr 1;279(4):657-664. doi: 10.1097/SLA.0000000000005982. Epub 2023 Jul 3.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 37389897 (View on PubMed)

D'Angelica MI, Ellis RJ, Liu JB, Brajcich BC, Gonen M, Thompson VM, Cohen ME, Seo SK, Zabor EC, Babicky ML, Bentrem DJ, Behrman SW, Bertens KA, Celinski SA, Chan CHF, Dillhoff M, Dixon MEB, Fernandez-Del Castillo C, Gholami S, House MG, Karanicolas PJ, Lavu H, Maithel SK, McAuliffe JC, Ott MJ, Reames BN, Sanford DE, Sarpel U, Scaife CL, Serrano PE, Smith T, Snyder RA, Talamonti MS, Weber SM, Yopp AC, Pitt HA, Ko CY. Piperacillin-Tazobactam Compared With Cefoxitin as Antimicrobial Prophylaxis for Pancreatoduodenectomy: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2023 May 9;329(18):1579-1588. doi: 10.1001/jama.2023.5728.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 37078771 (View on PubMed)

Sugawara G, Yokoyama Y, Ebata T, Mizuno T, Yagi T, Ando M, Nagino M. Duration of Antimicrobial Prophylaxis in Patients Undergoing Major Hepatectomy With Extrahepatic Bile Duct Resection: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Ann Surg. 2018 Jan;267(1):142-148. doi: 10.1097/SLA.0000000000002049.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 27759623 (View on PubMed)

Yamamoto T, Satoi S, Fujii T, Yamada S, Yanagimoto H, Yamaki S, Takami H, Hirooka S, Kosaka H, Kotsuka M, Miyara T, Kodera Y. Dual-center randomized clinical trial exploring the optimal duration of antimicrobial prophylaxis in patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy following biliary drainage. Ann Gastroenterol Surg. 2018 Sep 17;2(6):442-450. doi: 10.1002/ags3.12209. eCollection 2018 Nov.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 30460348 (View on PubMed)

Okamura K, Tanaka K, Miura T, Nakanishi Y, Noji T, Nakamura T, Tsuchikawa T, Okamura K, Shichinohe T, Hirano S. Randomized controlled trial of perioperative antimicrobial therapy based on the results of preoperative bile cultures in patients undergoing biliary reconstruction. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci. 2017 Jul;24(7):382-393. doi: 10.1002/jhbp.453. Epub 2017 May 6.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 28371248 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

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2025-0529

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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