Expression of Genes Relating Hypertension and Efficacy of 4-7-8 Breathing Control on Reducing Blood Pressure
NCT ID: NCT07018128
Last Updated: 2025-12-31
Study Results
The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.
Basic Information
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RECRUITING
NA
200 participants
INTERVENTIONAL
2024-10-01
2026-09-30
Brief Summary
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Detailed Description
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In Study 2, the sample group includes 75 volunteers from Study 1 who are interested in participating. These volunteers will be randomly assigned into three groups of 25 people each. The first group is a control group whose participants will not receive any breathing training. The second group will practice the 4-7-8 breathing technique, which involves inhaling for 4 seconds, holding the breath for 7 seconds, and exhaling for 8 seconds-this constitutes one cycle. They will repeat this for 6 cycles per set, three sets per day, with normal breathing between sets. The third group will practice deep diaphragmatic breathing at a rate of 6-10 breaths per minute for 15 minutes, twice a day. Participants in both the second and third groups are required to follow their assigned breathing programs daily for three consecutive months. At the end of the three months, all participants will be assessed on the same variables measured before the intervention: 1) systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels, 2) blood pressure variability, and 3) inflammation markers, specifically tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interferon-gamma levels in the blood.
Conditions
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Keywords
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Study Design
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RANDOMIZED
PARALLEL
BASIC_SCIENCE
SINGLE
Study Groups
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Study 2: control group
Participants will not receive any breathing training.
No interventions assigned to this group
Study 2: deep breathing
Participants will practice deep diaphragmatic breathing at a rate of 6-10 breaths per minute for 15 minutes, twice a day. Participants are required to follow their assigned breathing programs daily for three consecutive months.
Study 2: deep breathing
Participants in the deep breathing group will be randomized to receive a diaphragmatic deep breathing program. They will be instructed to practice deep breathing at a rate of 6-10 breaths per minute for 15 minutes, twice daily, every day for a duration of 3 months.
Study 2: 4-7-8 breathing
Participants will practice the 4-7-8 breathing technique, which involves inhaling for 4 seconds, holding the breath for 7 seconds, and exhaling for 8 seconds-this constitutes one cycle. They will repeat this for 6 cycles per set, three sets per day, with normal breathing between sets. Participants are required to follow their assigned breathing programs daily for three consecutive months.
Study 2: 4-7-8 breathing
Participants in the 4-7-8 breathing group will be randomized to receive a 4-7-8 breathing program. They will follow the 4-7-8 breathing training program, which involves inhaling for 4 seconds, holding the breath for 7 seconds, and exhaling for 8 seconds, counted as one cycle. This pattern is to be repeated for 6 cycles to complete one set. They will perform 12 sets per day-6 sets in the morning and 6 sets in the evening-with normal breathing between each set. This routine will be carried out daily for a duration of 3 months.
Study 2: slow breathing with device
Participants will practice deep breathing using a resistance-based breathing device called "BreathMax" which provides water pressure resistance set at 25% of their maximum inspiratory capacity. The breathing rate will be set at 6 breaths per minute, continued for 15 minutes per session, twice daily. Participants are required to follow their assigned breathing programs daily for three consecutive months.
Study 2: slow breathing with device
Participants in the slow breathing with device group will be randomized to receive a slow breathing with device. They will undergo deep breathing training using a resistance-based breathing device called BreathMax, set at 25% of their maximal inspiratory pressure. The breathing rate will be 6 breaths per minute, continuously for 15 minutes, twice a day. This routine will be performed daily for a duration of 3 months.
Interventions
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Study 2: deep breathing
Participants in the deep breathing group will be randomized to receive a diaphragmatic deep breathing program. They will be instructed to practice deep breathing at a rate of 6-10 breaths per minute for 15 minutes, twice daily, every day for a duration of 3 months.
Study 2: 4-7-8 breathing
Participants in the 4-7-8 breathing group will be randomized to receive a 4-7-8 breathing program. They will follow the 4-7-8 breathing training program, which involves inhaling for 4 seconds, holding the breath for 7 seconds, and exhaling for 8 seconds, counted as one cycle. This pattern is to be repeated for 6 cycles to complete one set. They will perform 12 sets per day-6 sets in the morning and 6 sets in the evening-with normal breathing between each set. This routine will be carried out daily for a duration of 3 months.
Study 2: slow breathing with device
Participants in the slow breathing with device group will be randomized to receive a slow breathing with device. They will undergo deep breathing training using a resistance-based breathing device called BreathMax, set at 25% of their maximal inspiratory pressure. The breathing rate will be 6 breaths per minute, continuously for 15 minutes, twice a day. This routine will be performed daily for a duration of 3 months.
Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria
* Aged between 18-59 years
* Of Thai ethnicity
* Diagnosed with hypertension, defined as having an SBP of 140 mmHg or higher, or a DBP of 90 mmHg or higher, or having previously been diagnosed with hypertension and currently taking antihypertensive medication
* Originally from various regions of Thailand and currently residing in the eastern region
* Male or female
* Aged between 18-59 years
* Of Thai ethnicity
* Does not have hypertension, defined as having an SBP below 130 mmHg and a DBP below 85 mmHg, with no prior diagnosis of hypertension and no history of taking antihypertensive medication
* Originally from various regions of Thailand and currently residing in the eastern region
* Male or female, aged 35-59 years
* Diagnosed with hypertension, with blood pressure levels above the normal range, defined as SBP of 130 mmHg or higher, or DBP of 85 mmHg or higher, and currently taking medication
* Originally from various regions of Thailand and currently residing in the eastern region
* Able to communicate effectively
Exclusion Criteria
* Has obesity, defined as having a body mass index (BMI) of 30 kg/m² or higher
* Has a fever or is currently experiencing an infectious disease, such as COVID-19, the flu, or other infections
2. Group of individuals with normal blood pressure
* Has heart disease, such as valvular stenosis or regurgitation, coronary artery disease, or heart failure
* Has obesity, defined as having a body mass index (BMI) of 30 kg/m² or higher
* Has a fever or is currently experiencing an infectious disease, such as COVID-19, the flu, or other infections
Study 2:
* Has respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases, cerebrovascular disease, kidney disease, cancer, or immune-related conditions such as allergies, autoimmune diseases (e.g., SLE), immunodeficiency, or rheumatoid arthritis
* Is obese, defined as having a body mass index (BMI) of 30 kg/m² or higher
* Has a fever or is currently infected, such as with COVID-19, the flu, or other infectious diseases
* Is currently pregnant, breastfeeding, or has a history of pregnancy within the 6 months prior to participating in the study
18 Years
59 Years
ALL
Yes
Sponsors
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Burapha University
OTHER
Responsible Party
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Piyapong Prasertsri
Associate Professor Dr.
Locations
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Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Burapha University
MueangChonburi, Changwat Chon Buri, Thailand
Countries
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Central Contacts
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Facility Contacts
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Piyapong Prasertsri, Ph.D.
Role: primary
Tadsawiya Padkao, Ph.D.
Role: backup
Other Identifiers
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IRB1-046/2568
Identifier Type: -
Identifier Source: org_study_id