Cerebral Regional Oxygen Saturation During TAVI - The CROS-TAVI Prospective Registry

NCT ID: NCT07016789

Last Updated: 2025-06-26

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

NOT_YET_RECRUITING

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

40 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2025-06-30

Study Completion Date

2026-06-30

Brief Summary

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This single-center, non-commercial clinical study investigates how different types of transcatheter aortic valve prostheses affect cerebral oxygen saturation during the procedure (TAVI - Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation). The study uses a non-invasive monitoring system (NIRS) to track brain oxygenation (rSO₂) in real time.

The goal is to understand whether balloon-expandable, intra-annular self-expanding, or supra-annular self-expanding valves lead to different levels or patterns of cerebral oxygenation. This may help identify early warning signs for delayed hemodynamic recovery, stroke, or delirium.

Participants will be randomly assigned to receive one of:

A balloon-expandable valve (Group A), or

A self-expanding valve (Group B), with further randomization into:

Group B1: intra-annular valve (NAVITOR)

Group B2: supra-annular valve (EVOLUT)

The procedure, follow-up, and data collection will follow standard clinical practice. No experimental devices or drugs are used. Patients will not undergo any additional risk or burden beyond what is normally expected during TAVI.

The study is being conducted at the Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS in Rome, Italy, and aims to enroll 40 patients. No compensation is provided, and participation is voluntary.

Detailed Description

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This is a prospective, randomized, single-center, interventional clinical study conducted at the Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS in Rome, Italy. The study aims to investigate differences in cerebral regional oxygen saturation (rSO₂) during transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) using different transcatheter heart valve (THV) technologies.

Aortic valve stenosis (AVS) is the most common valvular disease in the elderly, and TAVI has become a widely accepted therapeutic option in high-, intermediate-, and low-risk patients. However, the rapid ventricular pacing, balloon dilatation, and valve deployment involved in TAVI may induce transient cerebral hypoperfusion. This study utilizes near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) as a non-invasive method to monitor cerebral oxygenation in real-time during the procedure.

The primary objective is to evaluate the variation in rSO₂ during specific procedural phases and determine whether the type of valve used (balloon-expandable vs. self-expanding) impacts cerebral perfusion. A secondary aim is to identify a potential threshold value of rSO₂ below which prolonged hemodynamic recovery may occur. The study also explores the association between cerebral desaturation and clinical outcomes such as in-hospital mortality, stroke, and postprocedural delirium.

Patients with symptomatic severe aortic stenosis meeting specific inclusion/exclusion criteria will be enrolled and randomized 1:1 to receive:

Group A: A balloon-expandable valve (SAPIEN platform, Edwards Lifesciences)

Group B: A self-expanding valve (SEV)

Patients in Group B will be further randomized to receive:

Group B1: Intra-annular SEV (NAVITOR, Abbott)

Group B2: Supra-annular SEV (EVOLUT, Medtronic)

Cerebral rSO₂ will be monitored bilaterally using INVOS 5100C NIRS sensors placed on the forehead. Measurements will be recorded at six procedural time points: baseline (pre-induction), start of procedure, during pre-dilatation (if performed), at valve deployment, at the lowest rSO₂ during deployment, post-dilatation (if performed), and end of procedure.

Neurocognitive status will be assessed pre-procedure using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Postoperative delirium will be monitored using the CAM-ICU and RASS scales. Clinical and procedural data, including rapid ventricular pacing parameters, valve type, and any need for resheathing, will also be recorded.

The primary endpoint is the comparison of mean nadir rSO₂ values between balloon-expandable and self-expanding valve groups. Exploratory analyses will evaluate differences among all three groups (A, B1, B2). Secondary endpoints include in-hospital death, stroke, and delirium incidence.

A total of 40 patients will be enrolled (20 in Group A, 10 in B1, 10 in B2). The study is no-profit, does not involve investigational drugs or unapproved devices, and all THVs used are CE-marked and clinically approved. The protocol has been approved by the local ethics committee (CET Lazio Area 3, ID 7257).

The findings of this study may provide novel insights into the role of cerebral oxygenation monitoring during TAVI and contribute to optimizing valve selection and procedural strategies to improve neurologic and hemodynamic outcomes.

Conditions

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Aortic Stenosis Disease TAVI(Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation) Cerebral Oxygen Saturation Hemodynamic Changes

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Patients will be randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive either a balloon-expandable valve (Group A) or a self-expanding valve (Group B).

Patients randomized to Group B will undergo a second randomization to receive either:

an intra-annular SEV (Group B1 - NAVITOR), or a supra-annular SEV (Group B2 - EVOLUT). Patients will be randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive either a balloon-expandable valve (Group A) or a self-expanding valve (Group B).

Patients randomized to Group B will undergo a second randomization to receive either:

an intra-annular SEV (Group B1 - NAVITOR), or a supra-annular SEV (Group B2 - EVOLUT).
Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

NONE

Study Groups

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Balloon-expandable valve (Group A)

Participants in this arm will receive a balloon-expandable transcatheter heart valve (SAPIEN platform, Edwards Lifesciences). Cerebral oxygenation will be monitored during the TAVI procedure using NIRS.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Near-infrared spectroscopy monitoring (NIRS) INVOS 5100C

Intervention Type DEVICE

Continuous bilateral cerebral oxygen saturation monitoring using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) during TAVI. Sensors are placed on the forehead to record rSO₂ values at predefined timepoints. Device used: INVOS 5100C (Medtronic/Covidien).

Self-expanding intra-annular valve (Group B1)

Participants in this arm will receive an intra-annular self-expanding valve (NAVITOR, Abbott). Cerebral rSO₂ will be monitored during TAVI using NIRS at predefined timepoints.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Near-infrared spectroscopy monitoring (NIRS) INVOS 5100C

Intervention Type DEVICE

Continuous bilateral cerebral oxygen saturation monitoring using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) during TAVI. Sensors are placed on the forehead to record rSO₂ values at predefined timepoints. Device used: INVOS 5100C (Medtronic/Covidien).

Self-expanding supra-annular valve (Group B2)

Participants in this arm will receive a supra-annular self-expanding valve (EVOLUT, Medtronic). NIRS will be used to monitor cerebral oxygenation throughout the TAVI procedure.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Near-infrared spectroscopy monitoring (NIRS) INVOS 5100C

Intervention Type DEVICE

Continuous bilateral cerebral oxygen saturation monitoring using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) during TAVI. Sensors are placed on the forehead to record rSO₂ values at predefined timepoints. Device used: INVOS 5100C (Medtronic/Covidien).

Interventions

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Near-infrared spectroscopy monitoring (NIRS) INVOS 5100C

Continuous bilateral cerebral oxygen saturation monitoring using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) during TAVI. Sensors are placed on the forehead to record rSO₂ values at predefined timepoints. Device used: INVOS 5100C (Medtronic/Covidien).

Intervention Type DEVICE

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

Signed informed consent prior to any study-specific procedures

Diagnosis of severe degenerative aortic valve stenosis with echocardiographic criteria:

Mean gradient \> 40 mm Hg, or

Jet velocity \> 4.0 m/s, or

Aortic valve area (AVA) \< 0.8 cm² (or AVA index \< 0.5 cm²/m²)

Symptomatic aortic stenosis defined as NYHA functional class ≥ II

Exclusion Criteria

Symptomatic carotid artery disease or indication for carotid revascularization

Cardiogenic shock or inotropic support required prior to the procedure

Active neurodegenerative disease

Contraindications as determined by anesthesiology screening

Age \< 18 years

Contraindications to NIRS monitoring

ST-elevation myocardial infarction or cardiogenic shock within 48h before enrollment

Emergency TAVI due to decompensated AV stenosis

Malignancy or comorbidities with life expectancy \< 12 months

Inability to comply with the study protocol

Stroke or transient ischemic attack within 6 months

Renal insufficiency (creatinine \> 3.0 mg/dL) or dialysis dependency

Severe left ventricular dysfunction (LVEF \< 30%)

Significant mixed valvular disease (e.g., severe mitral or tricuspid regurgitation)

Intracardiac mass, thrombus, or vegetation

Chronic corticosteroid use

Participation in another investigational drug or device study

Active bacterial endocarditis or other active infections
Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

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Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Responsibility Role SPONSOR

Principal Investigators

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Cristina Aurigemma

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS

Locations

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Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS

Rome, Lazio, Italy

Site Status

Countries

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Italy

Central Contacts

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Cristina Aurigemma, M.D.

Role: CONTACT

+39 06 3015 5950

Facility Contacts

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Cristina Aurigemma, M.D.

Role: primary

References

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VARC-3 WRITING COMMITTEE:; Genereux P, Piazza N, Alu MC, Nazif T, Hahn RT, Pibarot P, Bax JJ, Leipsic JA, Blanke P, Blackstone EH, Finn MT, Kapadia S, Linke A, Mack MJ, Makkar R, Mehran R, Popma JJ, Reardon M, Rodes-Cabau J, Van Mieghem NM, Webb JG, Cohen DJ, Leon MB. Valve Academic Research Consortium 3: Updated Endpoint Definitions for Aortic Valve Clinical Research. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2021 Jun 1;77(21):2717-2746. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2021.02.038. Epub 2021 Apr 19.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 33888385 (View on PubMed)

Iwata S, Ozaki M. Cerebral regional oxygen saturation as a predictive parameter for preoperative heart failure and delayed hemodynamic recovery in transcutaneous aortic valve implantation: a retrospective cohort study. J Clin Monit Comput. 2024 Aug;38(4):763-772. doi: 10.1007/s10877-024-01129-2. Epub 2024 Feb 4.

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Suemori T, Horton SB, Bottrell S, Skowno JJ, Davidson A. Changes in cerebral oxygen saturation and haemoglobin concentration during paediatric cardiac surgery. Anaesth Intensive Care. 2017 Mar;45(2):220-227. doi: 10.1177/0310057X1704500212.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 28267944 (View on PubMed)

Uysal S, Lin HM, Trinh M, Park CH, Reich DL. Optimizing cerebral oxygenation in cardiac surgery: A randomized controlled trial examining neurocognitive and perioperative outcomes. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2020 Mar;159(3):943-953.e3. doi: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2019.03.036. Epub 2019 Mar 29.

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Reference Type BACKGROUND
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Heringlake M, Garbers C, Kabler JH, Anderson I, Heinze H, Schon J, Berger KU, Dibbelt L, Sievers HH, Hanke T. Preoperative cerebral oxygen saturation and clinical outcomes in cardiac surgery. Anesthesiology. 2011 Jan;114(1):58-69. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0b013e3181fef34e.

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Schoen J, Meyerrose J, Paarmann H, Heringlake M, Hueppe M, Berger KU. Preoperative regional cerebral oxygen saturation is a predictor of postoperative delirium in on-pump cardiac surgery patients: a prospective observational trial. Crit Care. 2011;15(5):R218. doi: 10.1186/cc10454. Epub 2011 Sep 19.

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Mack MJ, Leon MB, Thourani VH, Makkar R, Kodali SK, Russo M, Kapadia SR, Malaisrie SC, Cohen DJ, Pibarot P, Leipsic J, Hahn RT, Blanke P, Williams MR, McCabe JM, Brown DL, Babaliaros V, Goldman S, Szeto WY, Genereux P, Pershad A, Pocock SJ, Alu MC, Webb JG, Smith CR; PARTNER 3 Investigators. Transcatheter Aortic-Valve Replacement with a Balloon-Expandable Valve in Low-Risk Patients. N Engl J Med. 2019 May 2;380(18):1695-1705. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1814052. Epub 2019 Mar 16.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 30883058 (View on PubMed)

Leon MB, Smith CR, Mack MJ, Makkar RR, Svensson LG, Kodali SK, Thourani VH, Tuzcu EM, Miller DC, Herrmann HC, Doshi D, Cohen DJ, Pichard AD, Kapadia S, Dewey T, Babaliaros V, Szeto WY, Williams MR, Kereiakes D, Zajarias A, Greason KL, Whisenant BK, Hodson RW, Moses JW, Trento A, Brown DL, Fearon WF, Pibarot P, Hahn RT, Jaber WA, Anderson WN, Alu MC, Webb JG; PARTNER 2 Investigators. Transcatheter or Surgical Aortic-Valve Replacement in Intermediate-Risk Patients. N Engl J Med. 2016 Apr 28;374(17):1609-20. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1514616. Epub 2016 Apr 2.

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Vahanian A, Alfieri O, Andreotti F, Antunes MJ, Baron-Esquivias G, Baumgartner H, Borger MA, Carrel TP, De Bonis M, Evangelista A, Falk V, Lung B, Lancellotti P, Pierard L, Price S, Schafers HJ, Schuler G, Stepinska J, Swedberg K, Takkenberg J, Von Oppell UO, Windecker S, Zamorano JL, Zembala M; ESC Committee for Practice Guidelines (CPG); Joint Task Force on the Management of Valvular Heart Disease of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC); European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS). Guidelines on the management of valvular heart disease (version 2012): the Joint Task Force on the Management of Valvular Heart Disease of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS). Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2012 Oct;42(4):S1-44. doi: 10.1093/ejcts/ezs455. Epub 2012 Aug 25. No abstract available.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
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Other Identifiers

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7257

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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