Effects of Calcium on Gut Functions and Blood Glucose in Humans With Type 2 Diabetes

NCT ID: NCT06942195

Last Updated: 2025-12-26

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

RECRUITING

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

8 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2025-05-22

Study Completion Date

2026-04-28

Brief Summary

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The intervention in this study consists of a 75-min intraduodenal infusion of an isotonic solution containing either of calcium chloride (CaCl2) or control (saline).

Participants enrolled into the study will receive, in randomised, double-blind fashion (i) Saline (control), (ii) 500 mg CaCl2, or (iii) 1000 mg CaCl2 in three separate sessions, each of which will be separated by at least 4 (and up to 10) days. Each study session will be 4-6 hours. Studies will be carried out in the Clinical Research Facility of the Adelaide Medical School, the University of Adelaide, by staff and students trained in the required techniques.

Detailed Description

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Each participant will be required to consume a standardised dinner meal (beef lasagne; total energy content: 602 kcal; McCain Food, Wendouree, Victoria, Australia) on the night before each visit by 7 pm. After fasting overnight for \~ 13.5 hours and refraining from exercise and alcohol during the previous 24 hours, the participant will arrive in the laboratory at 8.30 am. After confirming adherence to the study requirements, vital signs ( blood pressure, heart rate and body temperature) will be measured to establish baseline values for safety, and they will be monitored throughout the study. Then, a manometric catheter will be inserted through an anaesthetised nostril and allowed to pass through the stomach and into the duodenum by peristalsis. The infusion port will be positioned \~ 14 cm distal to the pylorus. The correct positioning of the catheter will be monitored continuously by measurement of the transmucosal potential difference in the stomach (\~ -40 mV) and the duodenum (\~ 0 mV). Once the catheter has been positioned correctly, an intravenous cannula will be placed into a forearm vein for regular blood sampling. At time = -30 minute, a baseline blood sample (7 ml), visual analogue scale (VAS) questionnaire to assess gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, and breath sample to assess gastric emptying will be collected. Then the infusion of one of the study treatments, i.e. i) saline, ii) 500 mg CaCl2 or iii) 1000 mg CaCl2), will commence and continue for 75 minutes (times = -30 to 45 minutes). At time = -1 minute, participants will consume, within 1 minute, a mixed-nutrient drink (350 mL, containing 500 kcal, 74 g carbohydrates) labelled with 100 mg 13C-acetate for measurement of gastric emptying by non-invasive breath sampling at regular intervals, for subsequent analysis of 13CO2 levels. Blood samples for the measurement of plasma glucose and hormone concentrations, and VAS questionnaires, will be collected before and after the mixed-nutrient drink. At time = 240 minute, after collecting final blood and breath samples and VAS questionnaire, the intravenous cannula will be removed and the participant will be served a light lunch, after which they will be allowed to leave the laboratory. A total of 98 mL of blood (14 sampling time points, 7 mL each) will be taken on each study day (study total of 310 mL, including screening and glucose tolerance test samples).

Conditions

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T2DM

Keywords

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Intraduodenal Calcium Gastric emptying Glucoregulatory hormones Plasma glucose Human

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

CROSSOVER

Primary Study Purpose

OTHER

Blinding Strategy

TRIPLE

Participants Investigators Outcome Assessors
In order to blind both investigator and participant, the treatments will be prepared on the morning of each study day, by a research officer who will have no involvement in data analysis.

Study Groups

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Ca-1000

In this arm, participants will receive a 75-minute intraduodenal infusion of an isotonic solution containing 3.68 g of calcium chloride dihydrate (CaCl₂·2H₂O), dissolved in 225 mL of distilled water.

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Ca-1000

Intervention Type OTHER

Calcium, an essential mineral and a key component of dairy, is a regular part of our daily diet. Recent studies have shown that calcium, at doses of 1000 mg, stimulates gut hormones and motility, will be 'higher dose' in this condition.

Ca-500

In this arm, participants will receive a 75-minute intraduodenal infusion of an isotonic solution containing 1.84 g of calcium chloride dihydrate (CaCl₂·2H₂O), dissolved in 225 mL of distilled water. Additionally, 1.2 g of sodium chloride (NaCl) will be added to ensure the solution is isosmotic (300 mOsm).

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Ca-500

Intervention Type OTHER

Calcium, an essential mineral and a key component of dairy, is a regular part of our daily diet. Recent studies have shown that calcium, at doses of 500 mg, stimulates gut function. In this condition, it will be considered 'lower dose.'

Control

In this arm, participants will receive a 75-minute intraduodenal infusion of saline (an isotonic solution containing 2.8 g of sodium chloride (NaCl), dissolved in 225 mL of distilled water).

Group Type PLACEBO_COMPARATOR

Control

Intervention Type OTHER

Saline (an isotonic solution containing 2.8 g of sodium chloride (NaCl), dissolved in 225 mL of distilled water).

Interventions

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Ca-1000

Calcium, an essential mineral and a key component of dairy, is a regular part of our daily diet. Recent studies have shown that calcium, at doses of 1000 mg, stimulates gut hormones and motility, will be 'higher dose' in this condition.

Intervention Type OTHER

Ca-500

Calcium, an essential mineral and a key component of dairy, is a regular part of our daily diet. Recent studies have shown that calcium, at doses of 500 mg, stimulates gut function. In this condition, it will be considered 'lower dose.'

Intervention Type OTHER

Control

Saline (an isotonic solution containing 2.8 g of sodium chloride (NaCl), dissolved in 225 mL of distilled water).

Intervention Type OTHER

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* Males with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Diagnosis of T2DM will be based on WHO criteria. Only males will be included to avoid the confounding effects of the menstrual cycle on gastric emptying.
* BMI: 28-38 kg/m².
* HbA1c \>=6.5 - \<=7.9% at screening.
* Blood glucose medications will be required to be withheld for 48 hours prior to each study day.
* Weight-stable (i.e. \<5% fluctuation) at study entry, which will be ascertained by a stable body weight in the preceding 3 months.

Exclusion Criteria

* Significant GI symptoms, or history of GI disease or surgery
* Current gallbladder or pancreatic disease
* Cardiovascular or respiratory diseases
* Any other illnesses (except type 2 diabetes) as assessed by the investigator - (including chronic illnesses not explicitly listed above)
* Use of prescribed or non-prescribed medications (including vitamins and herbal supplements) which may affect energy metabolism, GI function, bodyweight or appetite (e.g. domperidone, cisapride, anticholinergic drugs (e.g. atropine), metoclopramide, erythromycin, hyoscine, orlistat, green tea extracts, Astragalus, St Johns Wort etc.)
* Lactose intolerance/other food allergy(ies)
* Individuals with low ferritin levels (\<30 ng/mL), or who have donated blood in the 12 weeks prior to taking part in the study
* High performance athletes
* Current intake of \> 2 standard drinks on \> 5 days per week (\>140g/week)
* Current smokers of tobacco (cigarettes, cigars, pipes, sheesha, chewing, vaping etc.)
* Current use of recreational drugs, e.g. marijuana
* Current intake of any illicit substance
* Vegetarians
* Inability to tolerate nasoduodenal tube
* Inability to comprehend study protocol
* HbA1c \<6% or \>7.9%
* Estimated glomerular filtration rate \<45 ml/min
* Any patient whose medication cannot be withheld for 48 hours for medical reasons
Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

70 Years

Eligible Sex

MALE

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

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University of Adelaide

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Christine Feinle-Bisset

Professor Christine Feinle-Bisset

Responsibility Role PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

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Prof Christine Feinle-Bisset

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Adelaide Medical School University of Adelaide Level 5 Adelaide Health and Medical Sciences Building, Cnr George St and North Tce, Adelaide, SA 5005

Locations

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Clinical Research Facility, Adelaide Health and Medical Sciences Building

Adelaide, South Australia, Australia

Site Status RECRUITING

Countries

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Australia

Central Contacts

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Prof Christine Feinle-Bisset

Role: CONTACT

Phone: +61 8 8313 6053

Email: [email protected]

Penelope Fitzgerald, MsC

Role: CONTACT

Phone: +61883136278

Email: [email protected]

Facility Contacts

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Parisa Rouhani, MsC

Role: primary

Other Identifiers

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13243-1

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id