Treatment Of Meta-diaphyseal Bone Defect In Long Bone With Titanium Mesh Cage

NCT ID: NCT06923579

Last Updated: 2025-04-11

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

NOT_YET_RECRUITING

Total Enrollment

20 participants

Study Classification

OBSERVATIONAL

Study Start Date

2025-04-10

Study Completion Date

2028-03-25

Brief Summary

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Meta-diaphyseal bone defects in long bones pose a significant challenge in orthopedic surgery. Traditional treatment methods include autologous bone grafts, allografts, and distraction osteogenesis. Autologous bone grafting is often considered the gold standard due to its superior biological compatibility, but it is limited by complications such as donor site morbidity and the finite quantity of available graft material. Allografts provide an alternative but are associated with risks of immune rejection and disease transmission. Distraction osteogenesis, popularized by Ilizarov, allows for gradual bone regeneration and lengthening but requires prolonged treatment periods and carries the risk of complications like pin tract infections.

In the late 1990s, titanium mesh cages, particularly the Harms cage, emerged as a novel solution for meta-diaphyseal bone defects. Originally developed for spinal surgery, these cages were adapted for long bone reconstruction due to their structural stability and biocompatibility. The cylindrical design of titanium mesh cages provides mechanical support while allowing for the containment of bone graft material and promoting vascular ingrowth. This technique enables effective reconstruction of segmental defects by combining the cage with cancellous bone grafts or other substitutes.

Recent studies have demonstrated promising outcomes with titanium mesh cages in treating meta-diaphyseal defects. High union rates and favorable functional results have been reported in long-term follow-ups. The method offers advantages such as immediate structural stability and adaptability to various clinical scenarios, making it a valuable option for addressing complex bone defects. However, like all techniques, it is not without limitations, including potential complications such as residual limb length discrepancies or recurrent infections in some cases. Nonetheless, titanium mesh cages represent a significant advancement in the management of challenging long bone defects.

Detailed Description

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Meta-diaphyseal bone defects in long bones present a significant challenge in orthopedic surgery. Traditional treatment methods include autologous bone grafts, allografts, and distraction osteogenesis. Autologous bone grafting, considered the gold standard, is limited by donor site morbidity and the finite availability of graft material. Allografts provide an alternative but carry risks such as immune rejection and disease transmission. Distraction osteogenesis, popularized by Ilizarov, allows for gradual bone lengthening but requires prolonged treatment periods and may lead to complications like pin tract infections. More recently, bioengineered materials and growth factors have been explored as potential solutions, but their clinical application remains challenging.

Open fractures are classified based on orthogonal radiographs to assess the extent and geometry of bone loss. These classifications include incomplete defects (D1), minor or subcritical complete defects (D2), and segmental or critical-sized defects (D3). Incomplete defects (D1) are further divided into D1A (\<25% cortical loss), D1B (25-75% cortical loss), and D1C (\>75% cortical loss). Minor/subcritical defects (D2) are categorized as D2A (two oblique ends allowing overlap), D2B (one oblique end and one transverse end), and D2C (two transverse ends). Segmental/critical-sized defects (D3) are classified into D3A (moderate defects, 2 to \<4 cm), D3B (major defects, 4 to \<8 cm), and D3C (massive defects, ≥8 cm). The reliability of these classifications has been assessed using Fleiss' kappa tests among independent observers.

The use of titanium mesh cages, particularly the Harms cage, emerged in the late 1990s as a novel approach for treating meta-diaphyseal bone defects. Initially developed for spinal surgery, the Harms cage was adapted for long bone reconstruction due to its structural stability and biocompatibility. These cages provide immediate mechanical support while promoting bone ingrowth, addressing many limitations of traditional methods. The porous structure facilitates vascularization and integration with surrounding bone, potentially leading to improved healing outcomes.

Titanium mesh cages offer several advantages in managing meta-diaphyseal defects. They maintain bone length, provide immediate stability, and allow for earlier weight-bearing. However, challenges such as the risk of subsidence and the need for precise surgical technique remain. Recent studies have reported high union rates and favorable functional outcomes in long-term follow-ups, suggesting that titanium mesh cages are a reliable option for treating complex long bone defects.

This case series study aims to evaluate the efficacy of titanium mesh cages in addressing meta-diaphyseal bone defects. It focuses on clinical outcomes, radiographic healing, and patient-reported functional improvements. By validating this technique, titanium mesh cages could potentially set a new standard in managing challenging bone defects in orthopedic surgery.

Conditions

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Meta-diaphyseal Bone Defect In Long Bone

Study Design

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Observational Model Type

COHORT

Study Time Perspective

PROSPECTIVE

Study Groups

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Adult patients 16 - 60 years old in both gender

Titanium Mesh Cage

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

the Harms cage was adapted for long bone reconstruction due to its structural stability and biocompatibility. The cage provides immediate mechanical support while allowing for bone ingrowth, addressing the limitations of traditional methods.

Advantages of the titanium mesh cage include its ability to maintain bone length, provide immediate stability, and allow for earlier weight-bearing. The porous structure facilitates vascularization and bone integration, potentially leading to improved healing outcomes

Interventions

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Titanium Mesh Cage

the Harms cage was adapted for long bone reconstruction due to its structural stability and biocompatibility. The cage provides immediate mechanical support while allowing for bone ingrowth, addressing the limitations of traditional methods.

Advantages of the titanium mesh cage include its ability to maintain bone length, provide immediate stability, and allow for earlier weight-bearing. The porous structure facilitates vascularization and bone integration, potentially leading to improved healing outcomes

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* Age: Patients aged 16-60 years (adults of any gender)
* Defect Location: Meta-diaphyseal defects in long bones (femur, tibia, humerus)
* Defect Size: Critical-sized defects ≥2 cm in length
* Case Type: Both acute (traumatic/post-traumatic) and chronic (osteomyelitis, non-union) presentations

Exclusion Criteria

* Soft Tissue Status: Inadequate soft tissue coverage requiring complex reconstruction (unreconstructable defects)
* Infection: Active local or systemic infection (e.g., unresolved osteomyelitis, sepsis)
* Host Status: Severe immunocompromise or systemic conditions contraindicating surgery (e.g., uncontrolled diabetes, renal failure)
* Prior Interventions: Previous failed reconstruction attempts with persistent instability
Minimum Eligible Age

16 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

60 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

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Assiut University

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Mohamed Adel Ragab Mohamed

Assissant lecturer

Responsibility Role PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Central Contacts

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Mohamed Adel Doctor

Role: CONTACT

00201141095244

Aly Mohammaden Professor

Role: CONTACT

00201222443531

References

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Feltri P, Solaro L, Di Martino A, Candrian C, Errani C, Filardo G. Union, complication, reintervention and failure rates of surgical techniques for large diaphyseal defects: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep. 2022 Jun 1;12(1):9098. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-12140-5.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 35650218 (View on PubMed)

Attias N, Thabet AM, Prabhakar G, Dollahite JA, Gehlert RJ, DeCoster TA. Management of extra-articular segmental defects in long bone using a titanium mesh cage as an adjunct to other methods of fixation: a multicentre report of 17 cases. Bone Joint J. 2018 May 1;100-B(5):646-651. doi: 10.1302/0301-620X.100B5.BJJ-2017-0817.R2.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 29701099 (View on PubMed)

Klezl Z, Bagley CA, Bookland MJ, Wolinsky JP, Rezek Z, Gokaslan ZL. Harms titanium mesh cage fracture. Eur Spine J. 2007 Dec;16 Suppl 3(Suppl 3):306-10. doi: 10.1007/s00586-007-0377-z. Epub 2007 May 12.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 17497187 (View on PubMed)

Cobos JA, Lindsey RW, Gugala Z. The cylindrical titanium mesh cage for treatment of a long bone segmental defect: description of a new technique and report of two cases. J Orthop Trauma. 2000 Jan;14(1):54-9. doi: 10.1097/00005131-200001000-00011.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 10630804 (View on PubMed)

Solomon LB, Callary SA, Boopalan PR, Chakrabarty A, Costi JJ, Howie DW. Impaction bone grafting of segmental bone defects in femoral non-unions. Acta Orthop Belg. 2013 Feb;79(1):64-70.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 23547518 (View on PubMed)

Einhorn TA, Gerstenfeld LC. Fracture healing: mechanisms and interventions. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2015 Jan;11(1):45-54. doi: 10.1038/nrrheum.2014.164. Epub 2014 Sep 30.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 25266456 (View on PubMed)

Rosslenbroich SB, Oh CW, Kern T, Mukhopadhaya J, Raschke MJ, Kneser U, Krettek C. Current Management of Diaphyseal Long Bone Defects-A Multidisciplinary and International Perspective. J Clin Med. 2023 Sep 29;12(19):6283. doi: 10.3390/jcm12196283.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 37834927 (View on PubMed)

Tetsworth KD, Burnand HG, Hohmann E, Glatt V. Classification of Bone Defects: An Extension of the Orthopaedic Trauma Association Open Fracture Classification. J Orthop Trauma. 2021 Feb 1;35(2):71-76. doi: 10.1097/BOT.0000000000001896.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 32639397 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

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Meta-diaphyseal Bone Defect

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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