Trial Outcomes & Findings for The Effect of Shoulder Mobilization on Muscle Strength and Proprioception: a Randomized Double-blind Study (NCT NCT06910332)

Last Updated: 2025-12-09

Results Overview

Laser pointer-assisted joint position reproduction test for shoulder: A laser pointer is strapped 5 cm above the lateral epicondyle. Participants actively move their arm to a predefined position (90° flexion or abduction), and the laser projection is marked. After lowering their arm and closing their eyes, they attempt to replicate the same position. The difference between the initial and reproduced positions (in millimeters) is measured

Recruitment status

COMPLETED

Study phase

Target enrollment

48 participants

Primary outcome timeframe

Before the intervention

Results posted on

2025-12-09

Participant Flow

Participants were recruited from a university setting between April and May 2025. All participants provided written informed consent.

48 participants were assessed for eligibility and randomized before any intervention was delivered. No dropouts or exclusions occurred.

Participant milestones

Participant milestones
Measure	Mobilization Group Received passive glenohumeral joint mobilization (inferior, anterior, posterior glides).	Sham Group Received simulated mobilization without mechanical input.
Overall Study STARTED	24	24
Overall Study COMPLETED	24	24
Overall Study NOT COMPLETED	0	0

Reasons for withdrawal

Withdrawal data not reported

Baseline Characteristics

The Effect of Shoulder Mobilization on Muscle Strength and Proprioception: a Randomized Double-blind Study

Baseline characteristics by cohort

Baseline characteristics by cohort
Measure	Mobilization Group n=24 Participants Received passive glenohumeral joint mobilization (inferior, anterior, posterior glides).	Sham Group n=24 Participants Received simulated mobilization without mechanical input.	Total n=48 Participants Total of all reporting groups
Muscle strength External Rotation	9.82 kg n=4 Participants	9.4 kg n=50 Participants	9.47 kg n=518 Participants
Age, Continuous	21.08 years n=4 Participants	20.91 years n=50 Participants	21 years n=518 Participants
Sex: Female, Male Female	14 Participants n=4 Participants	13 Participants n=50 Participants	27 Participants n=518 Participants
Sex: Female, Male Male	10 Participants n=4 Participants	11 Participants n=50 Participants	21 Participants n=518 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Hispanic or Latino	0 Participants n=4 Participants	0 Participants n=50 Participants	0 Participants n=518 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Not Hispanic or Latino	0 Participants n=4 Participants	0 Participants n=50 Participants	0 Participants n=518 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported	24 Participants n=4 Participants	24 Participants n=50 Participants	48 Participants n=518 Participants
Muscle strength Flexion	17.3 kg n=4 Participants	19.5 kg n=50 Participants	17.6 kg n=518 Participants
Muscle strength Abduction	17.6 kg n=4 Participants	17.8 kg n=50 Participants	17.6 kg n=518 Participants
Muscle strength Internal Rotation	15.4 kg n=4 Participants	14.6 kg n=50 Participants	14.6 kg n=518 Participants
Proprioception Error Flexion	54 mm n=4 Participants	62.8 mm n=50 Participants	57.3 mm n=518 Participants
Proprioception Error Abduction	86.7 mm n=4 Participants	85.3 mm n=50 Participants	86.2 mm n=518 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Before the intervention

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Mobilization Group n=24 Participants Participants receive passive shoulder joint mobilization targeting the glenohumeral joint.	Sham Group n=24 Participants Participants undergo a placebo procedure where the practitioner mimics the mobilization technique without applying actual joint movement or distraction.
Proprioception Proprioception Flexion	54 mm Standard Deviation 20.9	62.8 mm Standard Deviation 22.8
Proprioception Proprioception Abduction	86.7 mm Standard Deviation 32.1	85.3 mm Standard Deviation 26.6

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Immediately after intervention

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Mobilization Group n=24 Participants Participants receive passive shoulder joint mobilization targeting the glenohumeral joint.	Sham Group n=24 Participants Participants undergo a placebo procedure where the practitioner mimics the mobilization technique without applying actual joint movement or distraction.
Proprioception Proprioception Flexion	52.3 mm Standard Deviation 23.9	52.2 mm Standard Deviation 78.3
Proprioception Proprioception Abduction	91.2 mm Standard Deviation 29	78.3 mm Standard Deviation 32.5

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Before the intervention

Hand-held dynamometer (Lafayette) Muscle strength will be measured using a hand-held dynamometer (Lafayette). The assessment will focus on the shoulder flexors, abductors, internal rotators, and external rotators. Three measurements for each muscle group will be taken, and the average value will be recorded in kilograms (kg).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Mobilization Group n=24 Participants Participants receive passive shoulder joint mobilization targeting the glenohumeral joint.	Sham Group n=24 Participants Participants undergo a placebo procedure where the practitioner mimics the mobilization technique without applying actual joint movement or distraction.
Muscle Strength Shoulder External Rotation	9.82 kg Standard Deviation 3.60	9.40 kg Standard Deviation 4.10
Muscle Strength Shoulder Internal Rotation	15.4 kg Standard Deviation 5.84	14.6 kg Standard Deviation 5.91
Muscle Strength Shoulder Flexion	17.3 kg Standard Deviation 7.59	19.5 kg Standard Deviation 9.08
Muscle Strength Shoulder Abduction	17.6 kg Standard Deviation 7.32	17.8 kg Standard Deviation 7.58

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Immediately after intervention

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Mobilization Group n=24 Participants Participants receive passive shoulder joint mobilization targeting the glenohumeral joint.	Sham Group n=24 Participants Participants undergo a placebo procedure where the practitioner mimics the mobilization technique without applying actual joint movement or distraction.
Muscle Strength Shoulder Flexion	18.3 kg Standard Deviation 8.03	18.5 kg Standard Deviation 9.42
Muscle Strength Shoulder Abduction	16.6 kg Standard Deviation 6.81	16.5 kg Standard Deviation 8.35
Muscle Strength Shoulder External Rotation	9.83 kg Standard Deviation 3.05	9.95 kg Standard Deviation 4.87
Muscle Strength Shoulder Internal Rotation	15.1 kg Standard Deviation 5.86	14.2 kg Standard Deviation 6.45

Adverse Events

Mobilization Group

Serious events: 0 serious events

Other events: 0 other events

Deaths: 0 deaths

Sham Group

Serious events: 0 serious events

Other events: 0 other events

Deaths: 0 deaths

Serious adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Other adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Additional Information

Ali Ömer ACAR

Acıbadem University, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation

Phone: +90 216 500 44 44

Email: [email protected]

Results disclosure agreements

Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
Publication restrictions are in place