Comparison of Different Non-invasive Electrical Stimulation Protocols to Facilitate Rehabilitation in Parkinson's Disease Subjects With Postural Instability and Gait Disorders

NCT ID: NCT06868160

Last Updated: 2025-12-03

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

RECRUITING

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

71 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2025-10-08

Study Completion Date

2029-01-31

Brief Summary

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The trial will include 51 adult participants with Parkinson's disease and postural instability and gait disorders (PD-PIGD) and 20 age- and sex-matched healthy controls.

At baseline (T0) patients will undergo neurological and cognitive/behavioural assessments, gait/balance evaluation, neuroimaging/neurophysiology assessments including brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) and Electroencephalography (EEG) acquisitions to assess brain activity, connectivity and structural changes, and blood sample.

PD-PIGD patients will be randomly allocated in two training groups: the REHAB+SHAM group and the REHAB + STIM group.

The REHAB+SHAM group will perform 2 cycles of dual-task gait/balance training consisting of action observation training (AOT) and motor imagery (MI) combined with practicing the observed-imagined exercises (an approach that has been demonstrated to be effective to improve gait and mobility in PD-PIGD), additionally they will undergo SHAM transcranial and trans-spinal stimulation. SHAM stimulation will be performed using the same montage used for transcranial and spinal stimulation (explained below), however an initial current is delivered and programmed to fade off in a brief period of time.

The REHAB + STIM group will perform the same exercises combined with non-invasive stimulation.

Non-invasive stimulation will be administered using tDCS with trans-spinal Direct Current Stimulation (tsDCS) or transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) alone combined with SHAMtsDCS.

This design will aid in determining not only whether non-invasive stimulation can enhance rehabilitation outcomes but also whether the combination of tDCS and tsDCS could lead to improved results compared to tDCS alone.

The motor-cognitive training of the REHAB+SHAM group will consist of 2 cycles of SHAM stimulation and training lasting 6 weeks, 3 times per week, about 1 hour each session, separated by a 8-week washout period.

The REHAB + STIM group will undergo 2 cycles of the 6-week training, separated by a 8-week washout period with a cross-over design: half of subjects will first receive 6-week training with tDCS+SHAMtsDCS followed by 6-week tDCS+ tsDCS, while the other half will follow the reverse order, according to a randomization procedure.

After the training (i.e., 6-week visit \[W6\] and 20-week visit \[W20\]), PD-PIGD patients will be re-evaluated through neurological, cognitive/behavioural, gait/balance, neuroimaging/neurophysiology assessments and blood sample.

These measures (except for MRI at 14-week \[W14\] visit) will be also repeated at W14 and 28-week follow-up visits to assess maintenance of results.

20 healthy controls will also be recruited and evaluated at baseline. They will undergo the same assessments administered to PD-PIGD patients at T0 (neurological, cognitive/behavioural assessments, gait/balance evaluation using gait analysis systems, neuroimaging/neurophysiology, blood sample).

Detailed Description

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Conditions

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Parkinson Disease

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Every patient will undergo two rounds of training (6 weeks) with a 8-week washout period in between. Patients will be randomized in two parallel groups: 1/3 of the patients will receive two rounds of rehabilitation + SHAM stimulation; 2/3 of the patients will receive two rounds of rehabilitation + non-invasive STIMULATION.

Patients in the STIMULATION group will be further randomized in two groups both receiving tDCS stimulation combined with tsDCS or SHAMtsDCS in a crossover design: one group will receive a first round of rehabilitation + tDCS + tsDCS followed by a round of rehabilitation + tDCS + SHAM tsDCS; the other group will receive the same treatment in an inverted order.
Primary Study Purpose

SUPPORTIVE_CARE

Blinding Strategy

DOUBLE

Participants Outcome Assessors
The assessor blinded will be neurologists, neuropsychologists and physiotherapists who will perform the evaluations at each time point.

Patients will not know if they are receiving sham or real stimulation.

Study Groups

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REHAB+SHAM

Dual-task gait/balance training consisting of action observation training (AOT) and motor imagery (MI) combined with practicing the observed-imagined exercises. Patients will receive SHAM stimulation.

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Rehabilitation

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Two cycles of dual-task gait/balance training consisting of action observation training (AOT) and motor imagery (MI) combined with practicing the observed-imagined exercises.

Three 1-hour sessions per week for 6 weeks. Cycle repeated after 8-week washout period.

SHAM tDCS

Intervention Type DEVICE

SHAM stimulation will be performed using the same montage used for transcranial and spinal stimulation, however an initial current is delivered and programmed to fade off in a brief period of time.

SHAM tsDCS

Intervention Type DEVICE

SHAM stimulation will have the same montage as tsDCS but run in SHAM more with an initial stimulation at standard intensity, followed by a programmed fade off after a brief time period. Patients will undergo 30 minutes of SHAM stimulation session preceding rehabilitation

REHAB+tDCS+tsDCS

Patients will perform the same exercises as REHAB+SHAM group, combined with non-invasive stimulation. Non-invasive stimulation will be administered using tDCS (DorsoLateral Prefrontal Cortex) combined with tsDCS for the first cycle (6 weeks). During the second cycle (6 weeks after 8-week washout) patients will receive tDCS + sham tsDCS.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Rehabilitation

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Two cycles of dual-task gait/balance training consisting of action observation training (AOT) and motor imagery (MI) combined with practicing the observed-imagined exercises.

Three 1-hour sessions per week for 6 weeks. Cycle repeated after 8-week washout period.

tDCS

Intervention Type DEVICE

Anodic tDCS with the anode placed on the of the left DorsoLateral Prefrontal Cortex. Patients will undergo 30 minutes tDCS session preceding rehabilitation

tsDCS (first cycle)

Intervention Type DEVICE

Anodic spinal cervical stimulation with anode electrode placed on the spinous process of C3 vertebra and cathode placed on T3. Patients will undergo 30 minutes stimulation session preceding rehabilitation during the first cycle (6 weeks)

SHAM tsDCS (second cycle)

Intervention Type DEVICE

SHAM stimulation will have the same montage as tsDCS but run in SHAM more with an initial stimulation at standard intensity, followed by a programmed fade off after a brief time period. Patients will undergo 30 minutes of SHAM stimulation session preceding rehabilitation during the second cycle (6 weeks after 8-week washout)

REHAB+tDCS+SHAMtsDCS

Patients will perform the same exercises as REHAB+SHAM group, combined with non-invasive stimulation. Non-invasive stimulation will be administered using tDCS (DorsoLateral Prefrontal Cortex) combined with SHAM tsDCS for the first cycle (6 weeks). During the second cycle (6 weeks after 8-week washout) patients will receive tDCS + tsDCS.

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Rehabilitation

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Two cycles of dual-task gait/balance training consisting of action observation training (AOT) and motor imagery (MI) combined with practicing the observed-imagined exercises.

Three 1-hour sessions per week for 6 weeks. Cycle repeated after 8-week washout period.

tDCS

Intervention Type DEVICE

Anodic tDCS with the anode placed on the of the left DorsoLateral Prefrontal Cortex. Patients will undergo 30 minutes tDCS session preceding rehabilitation

tsDCS (second cycle)

Intervention Type DEVICE

Anodic spinal cervical stimulation with anode electrode placed on the spinous process of C3 vertebra and cathode placed on T3. Patients will undergo 30 minutes stimulation session preceding rehabilitation during the second cycle (6 weeks after 8-week washout)

SHAM tsDCS (first cycle)

Intervention Type DEVICE

SHAM stimulation will have the same montage as tsDCS but run in SHAM more with an initial stimulation at standard intensity, followed by a programmed fade off after a brief time period. Patients will undergo 30 minutes of SHAM stimulation session preceding rehabilitation during the first cycle (6 weeks)

Healthy subjects

Age- and sex-matched healthy subjects recruited to compare gait, neuropsychological, serum, functional magnetic resonance imaging and neurophysiological characteristics at baseline

Group Type NO_INTERVENTION

No interventions assigned to this group

Interventions

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Rehabilitation

Two cycles of dual-task gait/balance training consisting of action observation training (AOT) and motor imagery (MI) combined with practicing the observed-imagined exercises.

Three 1-hour sessions per week for 6 weeks. Cycle repeated after 8-week washout period.

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

SHAM tDCS

SHAM stimulation will be performed using the same montage used for transcranial and spinal stimulation, however an initial current is delivered and programmed to fade off in a brief period of time.

Intervention Type DEVICE

tDCS

Anodic tDCS with the anode placed on the of the left DorsoLateral Prefrontal Cortex. Patients will undergo 30 minutes tDCS session preceding rehabilitation

Intervention Type DEVICE

tsDCS (first cycle)

Anodic spinal cervical stimulation with anode electrode placed on the spinous process of C3 vertebra and cathode placed on T3. Patients will undergo 30 minutes stimulation session preceding rehabilitation during the first cycle (6 weeks)

Intervention Type DEVICE

tsDCS (second cycle)

Anodic spinal cervical stimulation with anode electrode placed on the spinous process of C3 vertebra and cathode placed on T3. Patients will undergo 30 minutes stimulation session preceding rehabilitation during the second cycle (6 weeks after 8-week washout)

Intervention Type DEVICE

SHAM tsDCS (first cycle)

SHAM stimulation will have the same montage as tsDCS but run in SHAM more with an initial stimulation at standard intensity, followed by a programmed fade off after a brief time period. Patients will undergo 30 minutes of SHAM stimulation session preceding rehabilitation during the first cycle (6 weeks)

Intervention Type DEVICE

SHAM tsDCS (second cycle)

SHAM stimulation will have the same montage as tsDCS but run in SHAM more with an initial stimulation at standard intensity, followed by a programmed fade off after a brief time period. Patients will undergo 30 minutes of SHAM stimulation session preceding rehabilitation during the second cycle (6 weeks after 8-week washout)

Intervention Type DEVICE

SHAM tsDCS

SHAM stimulation will have the same montage as tsDCS but run in SHAM more with an initial stimulation at standard intensity, followed by a programmed fade off after a brief time period. Patients will undergo 30 minutes of SHAM stimulation session preceding rehabilitation

Intervention Type DEVICE

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* 45 years \< age ≤ 85 years
* Idiopathic PD according to the Movement Disorders Society (MDS) diagnostic criteria
* Hoehn \& Yahr (H\&Y) score ≤ 4
* PIGD phenotype
* Stable dopaminergic medication for at least 4 weeks and without any changes during the observation period (28 weeks)
* No dementia according to Litvan\'s criteria and Mini-Mental Status Examination score (MMSE) ≥ 24
* No significant tremor/involuntary movements that could determine artifacts during the MRI acquisition
* Oral and written informed consent to study participation


* Sex-matched and age-matched (age range: mean age of PD years ± 15 years)
* Oral and written informed consent to study participation

Exclusion Criteria

* Any major systemic, psychiatric, neurological, visual, and musculoskeletal disturbances or other causes of walking inability
* Medical conditions or substance abuse that could interfere with cognition
* Pacemaker or other implanted neurostimulation devices in the head/neck district
* (Other) Contraindications to undergoing MRI examination
* Brain damage at routine MRI, including extensive cerebrovascular disorders
* Denied oral and written informed consent to study participation
* Significant scalp traumatic or surgical wounds or scalp alterations that could determine a risk of infection in the site of non-invasive stimulation or the spread of excessive current from the device (only for patients receiving the neurostimulation).
Minimum Eligible Age

45 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

85 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Sponsors

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IRCCS San Raffaele

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Prof. Massimo Filippi

Prof.

Responsibility Role PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Locations

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San Raffaele Neurotech Hub

Milan, , Italy

Site Status RECRUITING

Countries

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Italy

Central Contacts

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Federica Agosta, PhD, MD

Role: CONTACT

0226433051 ext. 0039

Elisabetta Sarasso, MSc

Role: CONTACT

0226434685 ext. 0039

Facility Contacts

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Massimo Filippi, Prof., MD

Role: primary

0226433054 ext. 0039

Other Identifiers

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NEUROTECH_001 PD gait

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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