Testing the Addition of an Anti-Cancer Drug, Triapine, to the Usual Radiation Therapy for Recurrent Glioblastoma or Astrocytoma

NCT ID: NCT06860594

Last Updated: 2025-11-10

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

RECRUITING

Clinical Phase

PHASE1

Total Enrollment

30 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2025-07-30

Study Completion Date

2027-06-30

Brief Summary

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This phase I trial tests the safety, side effects, and best dose of triapine in combination with radiation therapy in treating patients with glioblastoma or astrocytoma that has come back after a period of improvement (recurrent). Triapine may stop the growth of tumor cells by blocking some of the enzymes needed for cell growth. Radiation therapy uses high energy x-rays, particles, or radioactive seeds to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors. Giving triapine in combination with radiation therapy may be safe, tolerable, and/or effective in treating patients with recurrent glioblastoma or astrocytoma.

Detailed Description

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PRIMARY OBJECTIVE:

I. To identify the safety and maximally tolerated dose (MTD) of oral triapine used in combination with radiation therapy for patients with recurrent glioblastoma (GBM) or astrocytoma.

SECONDARY OBJECTIVES:

I. To observe and record anti-tumor activity. II. To determine the pharmacokinetics of oral triapine in plasma and the central nervous system (CNS).

III. To evaluate the efficacy of triapine when administered in combination with radiation therapy by assessing:

IIIa. Progression-free survival (PFS); IIIb. Overall survival (OS); IIIc. The proportion of patients requiring bevacizumab for symptom control; IIId. The correlation of genetic mutations in select genes (e.g., p53, p16, KRAS, and Pi3k/mTOR/AKT) with tumor response and clinical outcomes.

OUTLINE: This is a dose-escalation study of triapine in combination with radiation therapy.

Patients undergo intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) once daily (QD) 5 days per week (Monday-Friday) for a total of 10 treatment days over 2 weeks and receive triapine orally (PO) 2 hours prior to IMRT on each radiation treatment day in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients also undergo computed tomography (CT) and/or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) throughout the study as well as blood sample collection during screening and on study. Patients may undergo cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) sample collection during screening.

After completion of study treatment, patients are followed up at 2 weeks after radiation therapy, then every 3 months for up to 5 years from study treatment initiation.

Conditions

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Astrocytoma, IDH-Mutant, Grade 2 Recurrent Adult Diffuse Hemispheric Glioma, H3 G34-Mutant Recurrent Adult Diffuse Midline Glioma, H3 K27-Mutant Recurrent Astrocytoma, IDH-Mutant Recurrent Astrocytoma, IDH-Mutant, Grade 3 Recurrent Astrocytoma, IDH-Mutant, Grade 4 Recurrent Glioblastoma, IDH-Wildtype

Study Design

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Allocation Method

NA

Intervention Model

SINGLE_GROUP

Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

NONE

Study Groups

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Treatment (IMRT, triapine)

Patients undergo IMRT QD 5 days per week (Monday-Friday) for a total of 10 treatment days over 2 weeks and receive triapine PO 2 hours prior to IMRT on each radiation treatment day in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients also undergo CT and/or MRI throughout the study as well as blood sample collection during screening and on study. Patients may undergo CSF sample collection during screening.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Biospecimen Collection

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Undergo blood and CSF sample collection

Computed Tomography

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Undergo CT

Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy

Intervention Type RADIATION

Undergo IMRT

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Undergo MRI

Triapine

Intervention Type DRUG

Given PO

Interventions

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Biospecimen Collection

Undergo blood and CSF sample collection

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Computed Tomography

Undergo CT

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy

Undergo IMRT

Intervention Type RADIATION

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Undergo MRI

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Triapine

Given PO

Intervention Type DRUG

Other Intervention Names

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Biological Sample Collection Biospecimen Collected Specimen Collection CAT CAT Scan Computed Axial Tomography Computerized Axial Tomography Computerized axial tomography (procedure) Computerized Tomography Computerized Tomography (CT) scan CT CT Scan Diagnostic CAT Scan Diagnostic CAT Scan Service Type tomography IMRT Intensity modulated radiation therapy (procedure) Intensity Modulated RT Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy Radiation, Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy Magnetic Resonance Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Magnetic resonance imaging (procedure) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Scan Medical Imaging, Magnetic Resonance / Nuclear Magnetic Resonance MR MR Imaging MRI MRI Scan MRIs NMR Imaging NMRI Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging sMRI Structural MRI 3-aminopyridine-2-carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazone 3-AP 3-Apct OCX-0191 OCX-191 OCX191 PAN-811

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* Patients must have histologically, molecularly, or cytologically confirmed recurrent astrocytic tumors including:

* GBM or variants, IDH-wildtype, grade 2-4 (standard curative measures available or not)
* Astrocytoma, IDH-mutant, grade 2-4 (standard curative measures available or not)
* Diffuse midline gliomas, including pediatric-type H3 G34 or E3 K27 mutant tumors.
* Tumors ≤ 6 cm in maximal diameter.

* Patients who had recent resection for recurrent tumor must have measurable disease.
* Patients must have at least a 6-month break from last dose of radiation therapy.

Re-irradiation within 6 months may increase risk for radiation necrosis/edema, which will affect toxicity assessment and patient safety. Additionally, GBM and other high-grade astrocytic tumors can exhibit pseudo-progression within 6 months from completing definitive, 1st line radiation therapy, and re-irradiation during this period will increase risk for misattribution of effect.

* Prior history of standard dose radiation for gliomas of 59.4-60 gray (Gy) in 1.8-2 Gy per fraction (or equivalent or lower) is allowed.
* Patients who received non-standard radiation dose regimen (e.g., 40 Gy, 34-35 Gy, 25 Gy) or stereotactic radiosurgery are eligible as long as there is at least one of the following:

* A new tumor outside the original radiotherapy field as determined by the investigator.
* There is histologic confirmation of tumor on biopsy or resection.
* Imaging findings are consistent with true progressive disease (on standard MRI sequences, MRI spectroscopy/perfusion, or nuclear medicine imaging).
* Age ≥ 18 years. Because no dosing or adverse event data are currently available on the use of triapine in patients \< 18 years of age, children are excluded from this study.
* Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status ≤ 2 (Karnofsky ≥ 60%).
* Absolute neutrophil count ≥ 1,500/mcL.
* Hemoglobin ≥ 8 g/dL.
* Platelets ≥ 100,000/mcL.
* Total bilirubin ≤ 1.5 x institutional upper limit of normal (ULN).
* Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase \[SGOT\])/alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase \[SGPT\]) ≤ 3 x institutional ULN.
* Creatinine ≤ 1.5 x ULN OR glomerular filtration rate (GFR) ≥ 50 mL/min/1.73 m\^2.
* Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients on effective anti-retroviral therapy with undetectable viral load within 6 months are eligible for this trial.
* For patients with evidence of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, the HBV viral load must be undetectable on suppressive therapy, if indicated.
* Patients with a history of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection must have been treated and cured. For patients with HCV infection who are currently on treatment, they are eligible if they have an undetectable HCV viral load.
* Patients with a prior or concurrent malignancy whose natural history or treatment does not have the potential to interfere with the safety or efficacy assessment of the investigational regimen are eligible for this trial.
* Patients with known history or current symptoms of cardiac disease, or history of treatment with cardiotoxic agents, should have a clinical risk assessment of cardiac function using the New York Heart Association Functional Classification. To be eligible for this trial, patients should be class II or better.
* Patients must be able to swallow whole capsules.
* Patients must be able to undergo MRIs with contrast. Patients with non-compatible devices with MRI can be eligible if CT scans of sufficient quality are obtained. However, patients without non-compatible devices may not use CT scans to meet this requirement.
* The effects of triapine on the developing human fetus are unknown. For this reason and because ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) inhibitor agent and radiation are known to be teratogenic, women of child-bearing potential and men must agree to use adequate contraception (hormonal or barrier method of birth control; abstinence) prior to study entry, for the duration of study participation, and for 12 months after finishing study treatment. People of child-bearing potential must have a negative serum or urine pregnancy test (minimum sensitivity 25 IU/L or equivalent units of human chorionic gonadotropin \[HCG\]) within 2 weeks of registration. Should a woman become pregnant or suspect she is pregnant while she or her partner is participating in this study, she should inform her treating physician immediately. Men treated or enrolled on this protocol must also agree to use adequate contraception prior to the study, for the duration of study participation, and 12 months after completion of triapine administration.
* Ability to understand and the willingness to sign a written informed consent document. Legally authorized representatives may sign and give informed consent on behalf of study participants.

Exclusion Criteria

* Patients who have not recovered from adverse events due to prior anti-cancer therapy (i.e., have residual toxicities \> grade 1) with the exception of alopecia.
* Patients who are receiving any other investigational agents.
* Patients who are actively taking medications that are known to induce methemoglobinemia (e.g. sulfonamides, nitrofurans, anti-malarials \[primaquine, chloroquine\], cyclophosphamide, and ifosfamide).
* History of allergic reactions attributed to compounds of similar chemical or biologic composition to triapine.
* Patients with known G6PD deficiency. Testing for G6PD deficiency is not required.
* Patients with uncontrolled intercurrent illness, active infections, or any other significant condition(s) that would make participation in this protocol unreasonably hazardous.
* Pregnant women are excluded from this study because triapine is a RNR inhibitor agent with the potential for teratogenic or abortifacient effects. Because there is an unknown but potential risk for adverse events in nursing infants secondary to treatment of the mother with triapine, breastfeeding should be discontinued if the mother is treated with triapine. These potential risks may also apply to the radiation used in this study.
Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

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National Cancer Institute (NCI)

NIH

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Responsibility Role SPONSOR

Principal Investigators

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Stephanie M Yoon

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center LAO

Locations

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City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center

Duarte, California, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

UCI Health - Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center and Ambulatory Care

Irvine, California, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

UC San Diego Moores Cancer Center

La Jolla, California, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

UC Irvine Health/Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center

Orange, California, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center

Sacramento, California, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Yale University

New Haven, Connecticut, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Smilow Cancer Hospital Care Center-Trumbull

Trumbull, Connecticut, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

MedStar Georgetown University Hospital

Washington D.C., District of Columbia, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Northwestern University

Chicago, Illinois, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

University of Kansas Clinical Research Center

Fairway, Kansas, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

University of Kansas Cancer Center

Kansas City, Kansas, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

University of Kansas Hospital-Westwood Cancer Center

Westwood, Kansas, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

University of Kentucky/Markey Cancer Center

Lexington, Kentucky, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Siteman Cancer Center at Saint Peters Hospital

City of Saint Peters, Missouri, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Siteman Cancer Center at West County Hospital

Creve Coeur, Missouri, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Washington University School of Medicine

St Louis, Missouri, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Siteman Cancer Center-South County

St Louis, Missouri, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Siteman Cancer Center at Christian Hospital

St Louis, Missouri, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Carolinas Medical Center/Levine Cancer Institute

Charlotte, North Carolina, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center

Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute (UPCI)

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Vanderbilt University/Ingram Cancer Center

Nashville, Tennessee, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

VCU Massey Comprehensive Cancer Center

Richmond, Virginia, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center - Eastpark Medical Center

Madison, Wisconsin, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center - University Hospital

Madison, Wisconsin, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Countries

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United States

Facility Contacts

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Other Identifiers

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NCI-2025-01531

Identifier Type: REGISTRY

Identifier Source: secondary_id

PHI-151

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: secondary_id

10699

Identifier Type: OTHER

Identifier Source: secondary_id

10699

Identifier Type: OTHER

Identifier Source: secondary_id

UM1CA186717

Identifier Type: NIH

Identifier Source: secondary_id

View Link

NCI-2025-01531

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id