Excretion of Rivaroxaban in Human Breast Milk

NCT ID: NCT06831474

Last Updated: 2025-07-17

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

RECRUITING

Clinical Phase

PHASE1

Total Enrollment

10 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2025-07-31

Study Completion Date

2026-07-31

Brief Summary

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The purpose of this study is to investigate the distribution of rivaroxaban into human milk at both therapeutic and prophylactic doses, and over time with repeated dosing.

Detailed Description

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The aim of our study is to perform a phase 1, single arm clinical trial to investigate the distribution of rivaroxaban into human milk at both therapeutic and prophylactic maternal doses. Our goal is to enhance the limited, although positive, data regarding the safety of rivaroxaban in breastfeeding. Our novel contributions to the existing body of literature will be in our investigation of rivaroxaban at both prophylactic and therapeutic doses, in repeated doses over time, and in a larger sample of participants. These results will provide physicians and national societies with safety data needed to properly counsel patients and advance clinical guidelines for postpartum care.

Conditions

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Postpartum VTE Prophylaxis VTE (Venous Thromboembolism) Rivaroxaban Breastfeeding Breast Milk Collection

Study Design

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Allocation Method

NON_RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

This is a prospective phase 1, two arm drug trial comparing the excretion of rivaroxaban in human breast milk between groups receiving prophylactic or therapeutic dosing during the postpartum period. Patients will be screened and enrolled for participation either antepartum or postpartum.

Once postpartum, patients will be re-screened for any exclusion criteria and to be sure all inclusion criteria is met. Prior to receiving rivaroxaban each patient will provide a baseline 1 mL breast milk sample. Patients will either receive 10 mg or 20 mg daily of rivaroxaban starting by the first postpartum day. The dose will be be ordered by their postpartum physician team through the inpatient pharmacy and dispensed by their inpatient nursing team, as per standard of care at the discretion of their physician. 1 mL of breast milk will be collected at 3, 6, 12, 15 and 24 hours following their first morning dose. The patient will continue the medication while in house and for each subsequent day o
Primary Study Purpose

PREVENTION

Blinding Strategy

NONE

Study Groups

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Prophylactic rivaroxaban

Patients will receive 10 mg daily of rivaroxaban starting by the first postpartum day. The medication will be ordered by their postpartum physician team through the inpatient pharmacy and dispensed by their inpatient nursing team, as per standard of care. The decision for dose 10 mg vs 20 mg of rivaroxaban is based on inclusion criteria and patient's physician team's recommendation for prophylactic (10 mg) vs. therapeutic (20 mg) dosing.

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Rivaroxaban 10 MG Oral Tablet

Intervention Type DRUG

10mg rivaroxaban daily

Therapeutic or Intermediate dose rivaroxaban

Patients will receive 20 mg daily of rivaroxaban starting by the first postpartum day. The medication will be ordered by their postpartum physician team through the inpatient pharmacy and dispensed by their inpatient nursing team, as per standard of care. The decision for 10 mg vs 20 mg of rivaroxaban is based on inclusion criteria and patient's physician team's recommendation for prophylactic (10 mg) vs. therapeutic (20 mg) dosing.

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Rivaroxaban 20 MG Oral Tablet

Intervention Type DRUG

20mg rivaroxaban daily

Interventions

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Rivaroxaban 10 MG Oral Tablet

10mg rivaroxaban daily

Intervention Type DRUG

Rivaroxaban 20 MG Oral Tablet

20mg rivaroxaban daily

Intervention Type DRUG

Other Intervention Names

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Xarelto

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

1. Postpartum within 6 weeks of delivery
2. Greater than 18 years old at expected date of delivery
3. English speaking
4. Hemodynamically stable without concern for ongoing blood loss
5. Non-breastfeeding
6. Or breastfeeding an infant born at or equal to 37 weeks' gestation, weighing \>2600g at birth and is not requiring intensive care

Exclusion Criteria

1. Pregnant
2. Less than 18 years old at estimated date of delivery
3. Hemodynamic instability and/or concern for ongoing blood loss
4. Newly diagnosed deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or pulmonary embolism (PE) in the postpartum period
5. Abnormal maternal renal or liver function (creatinine clearance \< 30 mL/min and/or liver function tests greater than lab normal)
6. A contraindication to rivaroxaban: hypersensitivity to rivaroxaban; active pathological bleeding
7. Breastfeeding an infant admitted to neonatal intensive care unit, infant gestational age at birth \<37w0d or weighing \<2600g.
8. If all of the following are met: age less than 40, ambulating, body mass index (BMI) less than 30, no active history of malignancy.
9. If patient lacks indication for therapeutic anticoagulation in the postpartum period per the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists' (ACOG) practice bulletin #196
Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Eligible Sex

FEMALE

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

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Thomas Jefferson University

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Rupsa C. Boelig

Associate Professor

Responsibility Role PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Locations

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Thomas Jefferson University Hospital

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Countries

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United States

Central Contacts

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Sophie H Green, MD

Role: CONTACT

215-955-5500

Rupsa C Boelig, MD

Role: CONTACT

215-955-5500

Facility Contacts

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Sophie Green, MD

Role: primary

215-955-5000

References

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Male C, Lensing AWA, Palumbo JS, Kumar R, Nurmeev I, Hege K, Bonnet D, Connor P, Hooimeijer HL, Torres M, Chan AKC, Kenet G, Holzhauer S, Santamaria A, Amedro P, Chalmers E, Simioni P, Bhat RV, Yee DL, Lvova O, Beyer-Westendorf J, Biss TT, Martinelli I, Saracco P, Peters M, Kallay K, Gauger CA, Massicotte MP, Young G, Pap AF, Majumder M, Smith WT, Heubach JF, Berkowitz SD, Thelen K, Kubitza D, Crowther M, Prins MH, Monagle P; EINSTEIN-Jr Phase 3 Investigators. Rivaroxaban compared with standard anticoagulants for the treatment of acute venous thromboembolism in children: a randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet Haematol. 2020 Jan;7(1):e18-e27. doi: 10.1016/S2352-3026(19)30219-4. Epub 2019 Nov 5.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 31699660 (View on PubMed)

Muysson M, Marshall K, Datta P, Rewers-Felkins K, Baker T, Hale TW. Rivaroxaban Treatment in Two Breastfeeding Mothers: A Case Series. Breastfeed Med. 2020 Jan;15(1):41-43. doi: 10.1089/bfm.2019.0124. Epub 2019 Sep 18.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 31532233 (View on PubMed)

Saito J, Kaneko K, Yakuwa N, Kawasaki H, Yamatani A, Murashima A. Rivaroxaban Concentration in Breast Milk During Breastfeeding: A Case Study. Breastfeed Med. 2019 Dec;14(10):748-751. doi: 10.1089/bfm.2019.0230. Epub 2019 Nov 20.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 31746638 (View on PubMed)

Wiesen MH, Blaich C, Muller C, Streichert T, Pfister R, Michels G. The Direct Factor Xa Inhibitor Rivaroxaban Passes Into Human Breast Milk. Chest. 2016 Jul;150(1):e1-4. doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2016.01.021.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 27396794 (View on PubMed)

Zhao Y, Arya R, Couchman L, Patel JP. Are apixaban and rivaroxaban distributed into human breast milk to clinically relevant concentrations? Blood. 2020 Oct 8;136(15):1783-1785. doi: 10.1182/blood.2020006231. No abstract available.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 32488251 (View on PubMed)

Bennett PN, ed. Drugs and human lactation, 2nd ed. Amsterdam. Elsevier. 1996.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

Lanitis T, Leipold R, Hamilton M, Rublee D, Quon P, Browne C, Cohen AT. Cost-effectiveness of Apixaban Versus Other Oral Anticoagulants for the Initial Treatment of Venous Thromboembolism and Prevention of Recurrence. Clin Ther. 2016 Mar;38(3):478-93.e1-16. doi: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2016.01.020. Epub 2016 Feb 26.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 26922297 (View on PubMed)

Guillonneau M, de Crepy A, Aufrant C, Hurtaud-Roux MF, Jacqz-Aigrain E. [Breast-feeding is possible in case of maternal treatment with enoxaparin]. Arch Pediatr. 1996 May;3(5):513-4. doi: 10.1016/0929-693x(96)86421-9. No abstract available. French.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 8763733 (View on PubMed)

American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists' Committee on Practice Bulletins-Obstetrics. ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 196: Thromboembolism in Pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 2018 Jul;132(1):e1-e17. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000002706.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 29939938 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

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iRISID-2025-0397

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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