3D Scanning as an Advanced Tool for Identifying Tooth Lesions in Children

NCT ID: NCT06829550

Last Updated: 2025-11-06

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

ENROLLING_BY_INVITATION

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

30 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2025-11-04

Study Completion Date

2026-03-31

Brief Summary

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This study focuses on assessing dental caries, erosive tooth wear, and fluorosis in primary teeth using a 3D intraoral digital scanner. The investigator will validate findings using three key indices: ICDAS (for caries), BEWE (for erosive wear), and TF (for fluorosis). Teeth will be cleaned and examined visually using dental tools and light. After visual checks, teeth will be scanned with a 3D intraoral scanner. Children aged 3-12 years with fully erupted primary teeth, seeking dental treatment at the Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Indiana University School of Dentistry.

The visual examination and digital scanning will be performed just once and during the dental appointment at the clinic of Pediatric Dentistry following the protocols used in the clinical routine. It is expected to complete the visual examination and the digital scanning in 30 minutes.

Detailed Description

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Experimental design: This study is based on information obtained in a pilot study in the framework of a "validation study" previously to an in vivo study. Investigators will be trained in 3 different indices to register and grade the lesions to obtain reproducible data. International caries detection and assessment system (ICDAS - Pitts et al., 2013), Basic Erosive Wear Examination (BEWE - Schlueter et al., 2020), and TF index (Thylstrup \& Fejerskov, 1978) will be used for detection of caries lesions, erosive tooth wear, and dental fluorosis, respectively.

Patient recruitment: The research protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board (# 24373). After IRB approval and previous to any intervention, a signed informed consent form will be obtained from the legal guardians of each child. Children aged between 3 and 12 years old, presenting any fully erupted primary teeth, searching for dental treatment at the Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Indiana University School of Dentistry will be included in this study.

Visual examination: Before visual examination, teeth will be cleaned using a bristle brush, prophylaxis paste and mirror, washed, and carefully air dried. Isolator will be used to control the saliva during the prophy. For the index detection using the visual examination of the different indices on each tooth's, the primary upper and lower incisors, canines and molars will be dried with compressed air, and each tooth's buccal, palatal/lingual, and occlusal surfaces will be examined visually using adequate dental instruments for each index. A headlight or overhead/dental unit light will be directly over the teeth. The diagnosis of caries lesions, erosive tooth wear, and dental fluorosis will be carried out separately. ICDAS, BEWE, and TF systems will be registered and graded the lesions according to table 1. Once the visual examination is completed, the data will be stored to be compared with intraoral scanner later.

Digital scanning: After completing the visual examination, the investigators will be calibrated using 3Shape TRIOS 4 intraoral scanner and 3Shape Unite software for data processing according to the manufacturer's instructions. The primary teeth's buccal, palatal/lingual, and occlusal surfaces will be scanned with a 3D intraoral scanner (IOS) (TRIOS 4; 3Shape A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark) and register with a number. There will be no headlight or overhead/dental unit light directly over the teeth to be scanned. Subsequently, using the 3Shape Unite software, each tooth will be analyzed separately on all its surfaces (as with the visual examination, the ICDAS, BEWE, and TF, indices will be detected) by using the 3Shape software and an entire screen of a 15.5" Dell laptop. Following, the 3D image will be magnified until only lesion can be seen and each surface will be observed systematically for each index.

Conditions

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Dental Caries in Children Tooth Erosion Fluorosis, Dental Dental Caries

Keywords

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scanning for dental problems computer-assisted image processing tooth wear dental fluorosis intraoral scanner dental caries dental decay tooth erosion

Study Design

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Allocation Method

NA

Intervention Model

SINGLE_GROUP

Primary Study Purpose

DIAGNOSTIC

Blinding Strategy

NONE

Study Groups

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direct- visual examination and indirect- 3D digital scanning

Two diagnostic methods (direct- visual examination and indirect- 3D digital scanning) will be conducted for each participant (n=30), comparing their effectiveness in detecting dental caries, erosive tooth wear, and fluorosis.

Group Type OTHER

indirect- 3D digital scanning

Intervention Type DIAGNOSTIC_TEST

examination for dental caries, erosive tooth wear and dental fluorosis using direct assessment (visual) and indirect assessment (digital scanning)

Interventions

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indirect- 3D digital scanning

examination for dental caries, erosive tooth wear and dental fluorosis using direct assessment (visual) and indirect assessment (digital scanning)

Intervention Type DIAGNOSTIC_TEST

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

Children aged between 3 and 12 years old, presenting at least one fully erupted primary tooth.

Exclusion Criteria

* Unerupted primary teeth.
* Restored teeth.
* Children under 3 or older than 12 years old.
* Children using medication.
Minimum Eligible Age

3 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

12 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Sponsors

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Indiana University

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Aline Rogeria Freire de Castilho

Principal Investigator

Responsibility Role PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

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Aline Castilho, DDS

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Indiana Unviersity

Locations

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Indiana University School of Dentistry (IUSD)

Indianapolis, Indiana, United States

Site Status

Countries

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United States

Other Identifiers

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24373

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id