Progesterone in Gender Affirming Hormone Therapy Study

NCT ID: NCT06807580

Last Updated: 2025-12-24

Basic Information

• Recruitment Status: RECRUITING
• Clinical Phase: PHASE2
• Total Enrollment: 40 participants
• Study Classification: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Start Date: 2025-05-12
• Study Completion Date: 2027-02-28

Brief Summary

This study aims to study the effects of Oral Progesterone in Transgender Women. The primary goal is to study the effect of progesterone on psychological distress and secondarily on sleep quality, breast size, quality of life and gender congruence and cardiovascular risk.

Detailed Description

The transgender population in the U.S. has grown significantly, highlighting a lack of comprehensive research on the safety and efficacy of gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT). For transgender females, GAHT typically includes estrogen and an anti-androgen. Recently, there has been growing interest in adding progesterone, based on anecdotal reports of improved breast development and quality of life. However, progesterone's role in transgender women remains unclear.

Studies have linked progesterone (mainly cyproterone acetate) to increased risks of meningiomas, elevated prolactin levels, decreased testosterone, reduced HDL levels, and higher venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk. Cyproterone acetate, often studied in these contexts, is not FDA-approved in the U.S. due to hepatotoxicity, and its use in GAHT is rare. Limited research exists on micronized progesterone, the form most commonly prescribed.

A recent study on low-dose micronized progesterone found no significant effects on sleep quality, psychological distress, or breast development. To address research gaps, a new study aims to evaluate higher-dose micronized progesterone's impact on cardiovascular risk, sleep quality, breast development, and psychological distress over a longer period. The hypothesis suggests neutral effects on breast development, sleep, and quality of life, with potential negative to neutral cardiovascular effects.

Given the lack of recommendations for or against progesterone in GAHT, further research is critically needed.

Conditions

Transgender Women

Keywords

Gender affirming hormone therapy; Transgender women; Progesterone

Study Design

• Allocation Method: RANDOMIZED
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Primary Study Purpose: TREATMENT
• Blinding Strategy: QUADRUPLE

Study Groups

Group A

Group A will serve as our control group with participants on their existing gender-affirming therapy in addition to a placebo pill.

Laboratory assessments including estradiol, lipid profile, and Complete metabolic profile (CMP) will be performed at screening.

Group Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR

Placebo

Intervention Type: DRUG

The placebo will be nearly identical in size, color, and shape to micronized progesterone

Group B

Group B will serve as our intervention group with participants on their existing gender-affirming therapy in combination with 200 mg oral micronized progesterone at bedtime.

Laboratory assessments including estradiol, lipid profile, and Complete metabolic profile (CMP) will be performed at screening.

Group Type: EXPERIMENTAL

Progesterone

Intervention Type: DRUG

Oral micronized progesterone 200 mg

Interventions

Placebo

The placebo will be nearly identical in size, color, and shape to micronized progesterone

Intervention Type: DRUG

Progesterone

Oral micronized progesterone 200 mg

Intervention Type: DRUG

Other Intervention Names

Prometrium 200mg

Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion Criteria

• Participants will be transgender women, who have been on gender-affirming hormone therapy for at least 6 months before the start of the study.

Exclusion Criteria

• Peanut allergy
• Liver disease (liver enzyme elevations and/or evidence of acute or chronic hepatitis). In our lab, the upper limit of normal for aspartate aminotransferase (AST) is 39, and the upper limit of normal for alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is 52.
• Stage 4/5 chronic kidney disease
• Congestive heart failure
• Medical disease or medication use associated with gynecomastia (i.e tumor, hyperthyroidism, chronic kidney disease, cirrhosis, ACE inhibitors, statins, haloperidol, tricyclic antidepressants, atypical antipsychotics)
• Pre-existing cardiovascular disease
• Prior or current history of thromboembolism, known clotting disorders, current or recent anti-thrombotic therapy for venous thromboembolism.
• History of breast cancer
• Prior progesterone use
• Uncontrolled depression and/or suicidal ideation
• Current hypothyroidism (even if controlled with treatment) Progesterone in Gender Affirming Hormone Therapy 9 Version #4, 10/30/24
• Cannabis use of greater than 1 use/week in the past 3 months
• Previously identified BRCA 1 or 2 gene mutation or other familial breast cancer.
• Abnormal mammogram (if indicated - for patients above the age of 50 and on estrogen for 5 or more years OR positive family history of breast cancer) with results of BIRADS 3 or higher. Subjects with a BIRADS 0 mammogram must have undergone additional imaging demonstrating BIRADS 1 or 2 prior to enrollment.
• Have had or are planning to undergo breast enhancement or gender affirming top surgery in the next 6 months
• Uncontrolled hypertension, defined as systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mm Hg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg.
• Triglycerides ≥ 500 mg/dL.
• In our lab, the upper limit of normal for aspartate aminotransferase (AST) is 39, and the upper limit of normal for alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is 52.
• Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 30 mL/min/1.73m2.
• Estradiol levels outside the stable range (100-300 pg/mL)
• Heavy smoking, defined as 25+ cigarettes per day
• Non-English speaking or those with limited English proficiency

• Minimum Eligible Age: 18 Years
• Maximum Eligible Age: 60 Years
• Eligible Sex: MALE
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

Sponsors

Emory University

OTHER

Sponsor Role: lead

Responsible Party

Vin Tangpricha

Professor of Medicine

Responsibility Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

Vin Tangpricha, MD, PhD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Emory University

Locations

Emory Transgender Clinic

Atlanta, Georgia, United States

Site Status: RECRUITING

Countries

United States

Central Contacts

Vin Tangpricha, MD, PhD

Role: CONTACT

Phone: 404-727-7254

Email: vin.tangpricha@emory.edu

Kayla Tanya Patel, MD

Role: CONTACT

Facility Contacts

Vin Tangpricha, MD, PhD

Role: primary

Other Identifiers

2025P011358

Identifier Type: OTHER

Identifier Source: secondary_id

STUDY00006161

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id