Effect of Silymarin in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients Treated With Methotrexate

NCT ID: NCT06724952

Last Updated: 2024-12-09

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

NOT_YET_RECRUITING

Clinical Phase

PHASE4

Total Enrollment

44 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2024-12-10

Study Completion Date

2025-04-10

Brief Summary

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The goal of this clinical trial is to evaluate the anti-rheumatic activity and the role of silymarin in attenuating methotrexate toxicity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Methodology:

This is a randomized, double blind placebo controlled parallel study that will be conducted on 44 patients with active rheumatoid arthritis.

Group1 (placebo group; n=22) which will receive IM or SC Methotrexate plus placebo tablet once daily for 3 months.

Group2 (Silymarin group; n=22) which will receive IM or SC Methotrexate plus Silymarin tablets 140 mg once daily for 3 months.

Duration: 3 months

Monitoring:

Participants will be followed up by weekly telephone calls and monthly direct meeting at scheduled visits to assess their adherence and to report any drug related adverse effects.

In summary, this clinical trial is designed to determine if Silymarin is a safe and effective treatment for Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients Treated with Methotrexate by comparing its effects to a placebo and closely monitoring participants throughout the study.

Detailed Description

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Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disorder in which immune systems mistakenly attacks the host body systems. Its clinical features are often characterized as chronic synovial non-infectious inflammation, cartilage, and bone destruction (1). Currently, no effective drugs can be used to cure RA in the clinic. For the treatment of RA, recommended medications include disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and biologic agents, which intend to achieve the remission of symptoms, but these medications also confer severe side effects when they exert therapeutic efficiency (2). Due to drug resistance and side effects, a big proportion of RA patients do not effectively respond to the treatment and urgently need new drugs or therapeutic strategies.

Approximate 60% of RA patients are overweight and suffering from metabolic disorders (3). Clinical features of lipid paradox often occur in active RA patients, leading to high risk of developing cardiovascular morbidity and mortality (4-6). In addition, the deregulated lipid metabolism is yet present in the early stage of RA and/or pre-RA (7). In recent years, lipid-lowering therapy with statins is demonstrated to be effective in RA treatment (8,9) and in the prevention of the dyslipidemia development in RA patients (10). In short, we can confirm that lipid metabolism must be implicated in the pathogenesis of RA, which conserves the drug-target capacity for therapeutic discovery against RA in the clinic, especially for overweight patients with dyslipidemia (10).

Silymarin, a major flavonoid from milk thistle (silymarin), has been used to treat many liver disorders, such as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), cirrhosis, and liver cancer, based on its anti-oxidant, anti-inflammation, anti-fibro genetic and lipid-lowering pharmacological activities (11).

Overexpression of liver X receptor α (LXRα) and several key lipogenic enzymes regulated by LXRα, including lipoprotein lipase (LPL), cholesterol 7α and 27α hydroxylase (CYP7A, CYP27A), adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (aP2/FABP4) and fatty acid translocase (CD36/FAT), were observed in AIA rats, which mostly accounted for dyslipidemia during arthritis development. Metabolomics, docking technology, and biochemical results indicated that antiarthritis effects of silymarin related to suppressing the up-regulated LXRα and abnormal lipid metabolism. Notably, activation of LXRα could potentiate cell inflammatory process induced by LPS (Lipopolysaccharide) through the regulation of NF-κB pathway, however, suppression of LXRα agonism by siRNA or silymarin reduced the nuclear translocation of NF-κB as well as the induction of downstream cytokines, indicating LXRα agonism is the important factor for the arthritis development and could be a potential target (12). Considering the priority of silymarin in drug-safety, and the potential in improving lipid metabolism, therefore our effort attempted to explore the therapeutic potential of silymarin against RA with dyslipidemia, effect of silymarin on lipid profile and lipoprotein lipase and decipher associated molecular mechanisms accordingly.

Methotrexate has remained the "anchor drug" for most patients since the late 1980s (13). However, despite its long-term and widespread use for RA, methotrexate induce liver and nephrotoxicity, In study done by Adel A Hagag et al, on 80 children with newly diagnosed Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) received Silymarin 420 mg/day in 3 divided doses for one week after each MTX dose indicate that Silymarin improved some hepatic and renal functions in children with ALL who received MTX-based chemotherapy protocols (14).

In the present study, we evaluate the lipid profile and the major lipid metabolic enzymes in rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with methotrexate, and further explore the effects of silymarin in ameliorating both arthritis, dyslipidemia, the underlying mechanism of silymarin against RA through the regulation of lipoprotein lipase / lipid metabolism as well as effect of silymarin on methotrexate liver and renal toxicity.

Conditions

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Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)

Keywords

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Rheumatoid Arthritis Silymarin Methotrexate

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

QUADRUPLE

Participants Caregivers Investigators Outcome Assessors

Study Groups

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MTX S.C or IM _ Silymarin tab

IM or S.C MTX plus Silymarin 140 mg Tab once daily

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

MTX S.C or IM and Silymarin 140 mg tab

Intervention Type DRUG

IM or S.C Methotrexate plus Silymarin tablets 140 mg once daily for 3 months.

MTX S.C or IM _ Placebo tablet

IM or S.C MTX plus Placebo Tablet once daily

Group Type PLACEBO_COMPARATOR

MTX S.C or IM

Intervention Type DRUG

IM or SC Methotrexate plus placebo tablet once daily for 3 months.

Interventions

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MTX S.C or IM and Silymarin 140 mg tab

IM or S.C Methotrexate plus Silymarin tablets 140 mg once daily for 3 months.

Intervention Type DRUG

MTX S.C or IM

IM or SC Methotrexate plus placebo tablet once daily for 3 months.

Intervention Type DRUG

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* Patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (not in remission) according to 28 joints disease activity score (DAS-28) \>2.6.
* Age range between 18 and 60 years old.
* Both sexes.
* Sex ratio, age, disease activity, and disease duration matched patients.
* Patients receive methotrexate plus traditional therapy

Exclusion Criteria

* Patients with renal or hepatic diseases (chronic liver disease, liver cirrhosis, alcoholic hepatitis, or chronic alcoholism).
* Patients receiving biological DMARDs.
* Patients with hypersensitivity to study medications.
* Patients using antioxidants except silymarin.
* Pregnant and lactating females.
Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

60 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

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Tanta University

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Hend Mohsen Mohamed El-metwally

Teaching Assistant in clinical pharmacy at Horus University and master degree student

Responsibility Role PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Locations

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Outpatient Clinic of Internal Medicine, Rheumatology and Immunology Department, Mansoura University Hospital, Mansoura, 35511

Al Mansurah, , Egypt

Site Status

Countries

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Egypt

Facility Contacts

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Hend Mohsen El-metwally, Bachelor of Pharmacy

Role: primary

Yasmine Mohamed Elmorsi, Lecturer of Clinical Pharmacy

Role: backup

References

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Hagag AA, Elgamsy MA, El-Asy HM, Mabrouk MM. Protective Role of Silymarin on Hepatic and Renal Toxicity Induced by MTX Based Chemotherapy in Children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis. 2016 Sep 1;8(1):e2016043. doi: 10.4084/MJHID.2016.043. eCollection 2016.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 27648206 (View on PubMed)

Weinblatt ME, Coblyn JS, Fox DA, Fraser PA, Holdsworth DE, Glass DN, Trentham DE. Efficacy of low-dose methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis. N Engl J Med. 1985 Mar 28;312(13):818-22. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198503283121303.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 3883172 (View on PubMed)

Xie Y, Feng SL, Mai CT, Zheng YF, Wang H, Liu ZQ, Zhou H, Liu L. Suppression of up-regulated LXRalpha by silybin ameliorates experimental rheumatoid arthritis and abnormal lipid metabolism. Phytomedicine. 2021 Jan;80:153339. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153339. Epub 2020 Sep 19.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 33038868 (View on PubMed)

Karimi G, Vahabzadeh M, Lari P, Rashedinia M, Moshiri M. "Silymarin", a promising pharmacological agent for treatment of diseases. Iran J Basic Med Sci. 2011 Jul;14(4):308-17.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 23492971 (View on PubMed)

Nurmohamed MT, Dijkmans BA. Dyslipidaemia, statins and rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2009 Apr;68(4):453-5. doi: 10.1136/ard.2008.104497. No abstract available.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 19286903 (View on PubMed)

Soulaidopoulos S, Nikiphorou E, Dimitroulas T, Kitas GD. The Role of Statins in Disease Modification and Cardiovascular Risk in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Front Med (Lausanne). 2018 Feb 8;5:24. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2018.00024. eCollection 2018.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 29473041 (View on PubMed)

Das S, Mohanty M, Padhan P. Outcome of rheumatoid arthritis following adjunct statin therapy. Indian J Pharmacol. 2015 Nov-Dec;47(6):605-9. doi: 10.4103/0253-7613.169585.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 26729950 (View on PubMed)

Kerekes G, Nurmohamed MT, Gonzalez-Gay MA, Seres I, Paragh G, Kardos Z, Barath Z, Tamasi L, Soltesz P, Szekanecz Z. Rheumatoid arthritis and metabolic syndrome. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2014 Nov;10(11):691-6. doi: 10.1038/nrrheum.2014.121. Epub 2014 Aug 5.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 25090948 (View on PubMed)

Giles JT, Allison M, Blumenthal RS, Post W, Gelber AC, Petri M, Tracy R, Szklo M, Bathon JM. Abdominal adiposity in rheumatoid arthritis: association with cardiometabolic risk factors and disease characteristics. Arthritis Rheum. 2010 Nov;62(11):3173-82. doi: 10.1002/art.27629.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 20589684 (View on PubMed)

Erum U, Ahsan T, Khowaja D. Lipid abnormalities in patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis. Pak J Med Sci. 2017 Jan-Feb;33(1):227-230. doi: 10.12669/pjms.331.11699.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 28367205 (View on PubMed)

Amezaga Urruela M, Suarez-Almazor ME. Lipid paradox in rheumatoid arthritis: changes with rheumatoid arthritis therapies. Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2012 Oct;14(5):428-37. doi: 10.1007/s11926-012-0269-z.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 22802154 (View on PubMed)

Roubenoff R, Roubenoff RA, Cannon JG, Kehayias JJ, Zhuang H, Dawson-Hughes B, Dinarello CA, Rosenberg IH. Rheumatoid cachexia: cytokine-driven hypermetabolism accompanying reduced body cell mass in chronic inflammation. J Clin Invest. 1994 Jun;93(6):2379-86. doi: 10.1172/JCI117244.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 8200971 (View on PubMed)

Guo Q, Wang Y, Xu D, Nossent J, Pavlos NJ, Xu J. Rheumatoid arthritis: pathological mechanisms and modern pharmacologic therapies. Bone Res. 2018 Apr 27;6:15. doi: 10.1038/s41413-018-0016-9. eCollection 2018.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 29736302 (View on PubMed)

McInnes IB, Schett G. The pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. N Engl J Med. 2011 Dec 8;365(23):2205-19. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra1004965. No abstract available.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 22150039 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

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Effect of Silymarin in RA

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id