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Cortical Processing of Proprioception Related to Pitching Performance in Baseball Players With Glenohumeral Internal Rotation Deficit

NCT ID: NCT06704529

Last Updated: 2025-12-17

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Total Enrollment

98 participants

Study Classification

OBSERVATIONAL

Study Start Date

2024-08-20

Study Completion Date

2025-07-30

Brief Summary

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The current study aims to characterize the cortical activity and proprioceptive acuity in baseball players with glenohumeral internal rotation deficit (GIRD). Additionally, the correlations between cortical activity, proprioceptive acuity, and pitching performance will be examined. The evaluation of proprioception will be conducted using the active joint reposition sense of the shoulder. Simultaneously, the investigators will record cortical activity by electroencephalography (EEG). To represent pitching performance, the investigators will collect ball velocity and pitching accuracy. This will help the investigators understand the process of proprioception in the central nervous system, as well as factors associated with pitching performance in baseball players with GIRD.

Detailed Description

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Conditions

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Glenohumeral Internal Rotation Deficit

Study Design

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Observational Model Type

COHORT

Study Time Perspective

CROSS_SECTIONAL

Study Groups

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baseball players with GIRD

pitching motion

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

participants pitch fastball to the strike zone

baseball players without GIRD

pitching motion

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

participants pitch fastball to the strike zone

Interventions

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pitching motion

participants pitch fastball to the strike zone

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* playing baseball for at least one year
* still active in training or competition
* frequency of training or games should be at least 3 hours per week

Exclusion Criteria

* current dominant upper extremities pain
* a history of upper extremities surgical interventions or fractures or dislocation or degenerative joint disease
* cervical radiculopathy within 6 months
* lower extremities injury or surgery within the current 6 months
* Visual analog scale (VAS) \> 5 during movement in the experiment
Minimum Eligible Age

15 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

40 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Sponsors

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Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan

OTHER_GOV

Sponsor Role collaborator

National Taiwan University Hospital

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Responsibility Role SPONSOR

Locations

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Institute of Physical Therapy, National Taiwan University

Taipei, Taiwan, Taiwan

Site Status

Countries

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Taiwan

References

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Ludewig PM, Cook TM. Alterations in shoulder kinematics and associated muscle activity in people with symptoms of shoulder impingement. Phys Ther. 2000 Mar;80(3):276-91.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 10696154 (View on PubMed)

Mine K, Nakayama T, Milanese S, Grimmer K. Effectiveness of Stretching on Posterior Shoulder Tightness and Glenohumeral Internal-Rotation Deficit: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials. J Sport Rehabil. 2017 Jul;26(4):294-305. doi: 10.1123/jsr.2015-0172. Epub 2016 Aug 24.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 27632891 (View on PubMed)

Aldridge R, Stephen Guffey J, Whitehead MT, Head P. The effects of a daily stretching protocol on passive glenohumeral internal rotation in overhead throwing collegiate athletes. Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2012 Aug;7(4):365-71.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 22893856 (View on PubMed)

Johnson JE, Fullmer JA, Nielsen CM, Johnson JK, Moorman CT 3rd. Glenohumeral Internal Rotation Deficit and Injuries: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Orthop J Sports Med. 2018 May 22;6(5):2325967118773322. doi: 10.1177/2325967118773322. eCollection 2018 May.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 29845083 (View on PubMed)

Meister K, Day T, Horodyski M, Kaminski TW, Wasik MP, Tillman S. Rotational motion changes in the glenohumeral joint of the adolescent/Little League baseball player. Am J Sports Med. 2005 May;33(5):693-8. doi: 10.1177/0363546504269936. Epub 2005 Feb 16.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 15722284 (View on PubMed)

Freehill MT, Archer KR, Diffenderfer BW, Ebel BG, Cosgarea AJ, McFarland EG. Changes in collegiate starting pitchers' range of motion after single game and season. Phys Sportsmed. 2014 Feb;42(1):69-74. doi: 10.3810/psm.2014.02.2049.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 24565823 (View on PubMed)

Astolfi MM, Struminger AH, Royer TD, Kaminski TW, Swanik CB. Adaptations of the Shoulder to Overhead Throwing in Youth Athletes. J Athl Train. 2015 Jul;50(7):726-32. doi: 10.4085/1062-6040-50.1.14. Epub 2015 Mar 26.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 25811844 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

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202407026RINB

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id