Neuroscience of Psychotherapy for Depression

NCT ID: NCT06696001

Last Updated: 2025-12-18

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

RECRUITING

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

45 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2025-04-11

Study Completion Date

2026-06-30

Brief Summary

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The goal of this study is to learn the extent to which client-therapist brain activity may synchronize during a psychosocial intervention for depression symptoms.

The study will compare behavioral activation, a client-centered type of cognitive-behavioral therapy, to psychoeducation which delivers information on strategies to recover from depression symptoms.

Participants will answer questions about their mental and physical health, attend one psychosocial intervention session receiving either Behavioral Activation or Psychoeducation with simultaneous brain activity measurement and complete follow up surveys two weeks and one month following the intervention.

Detailed Description

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This is a pilot study to investigate the neuroscience of a single-session psychosocial intervention for depression symptoms. Brain activity is measured with EEG in both research participant and therapist. Participants will fill in questionnaires about their depression symptoms and experience during the psychosocial intervention.

Conditions

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Depression

Keywords

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EEG Hyperscanning Therapeutic Alliance Psychoeducation behavioral activation

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

There are two interventions that the participants will randomly be assigned to. Each participant will only complete one of these two interventions during their duration in the study.
Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

SINGLE

Participants
The research assistants and personnel will be aware of the randomized intervention for each participant since this will be stored on an encrypted spreadsheet with a password. The participants will be made aware that they will be randomized to a group, however, they will not know what intervention they have been assigned to.

Study Groups

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Psychoeducation

Psychoeducation will be used in this study as a control condition. The 60 minute session will be structured to provide general educational information on depression and evidence-based strategies to reduce symptoms. The information will be presented in generic format and will not be tailored to be client-specific.

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Psychoeducation

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

For the psychoeducation session, the focus is for the therapist to engage with the client regarding mental health broadly without a targeted effort to reinforce therapeutic alliance or to offer individualized guidance or techniques. The session will provide educational information on depression, depression symptoms and known causes, and strategies to reduce depression symptoms. The content will be delivered in a fashion to avoid individualization and psychotherapeutic exchange. The elements will focus on components of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), differentiating between thoughts and feelings, common cognitive shortcuts, and the connection between behavior and emotion.

Behavioral Activation

Behavioral Activation (BA) is a psychotherapy modality that can be used to treat depression. The 60 minute session of BA is designed to actively engage with the client in creating personalized goals and ways in which maladaptive coping mechanisms maintaining depression can be addressed and replaced with increased exposure to positive reinforcement.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Behavioral Activation

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Behavioral Activation (BA) is a psychotherapy treatment modality used for depression and focuses on replacing maladaptive coping mechanism that reinforce depressive symptoms with adaptive coping mechanisms to increase exposure to positive reinforcement. The treatment will consist of the following elements: Introduction to establish concept of positive reinforcement and build rapport, identification of client-centered values, individualized values-based activity planning and scheduling, and developing adaptive coping strategies for the future.

Interventions

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Psychoeducation

For the psychoeducation session, the focus is for the therapist to engage with the client regarding mental health broadly without a targeted effort to reinforce therapeutic alliance or to offer individualized guidance or techniques. The session will provide educational information on depression, depression symptoms and known causes, and strategies to reduce depression symptoms. The content will be delivered in a fashion to avoid individualization and psychotherapeutic exchange. The elements will focus on components of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), differentiating between thoughts and feelings, common cognitive shortcuts, and the connection between behavior and emotion.

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Behavioral Activation

Behavioral Activation (BA) is a psychotherapy treatment modality used for depression and focuses on replacing maladaptive coping mechanism that reinforce depressive symptoms with adaptive coping mechanisms to increase exposure to positive reinforcement. The treatment will consist of the following elements: Introduction to establish concept of positive reinforcement and build rapport, identification of client-centered values, individualized values-based activity planning and scheduling, and developing adaptive coping strategies for the future.

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* Between ages 18 and 30
* Full-time student status (undergraduate, graduate, and professional)
* Experience mild to moderate depressive symptoms as determined by the Beck Depression Inventory (score: 14-28)
* Capacity to understand study procedures (informed consent)
* Ability to speak and understand English
* Willingness to comply with study procedures


* Ages 18 or older
* Qualification to administer therapy (decided by the Principal Investigator)
* Capacity to understand the study procedures (informed consent)
* Speak and understand English
* Willingness to comply with study procedures

Exclusion Criteria

* Active, Current Suicidal ideation as determined by the Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS) in the past month
* Past suicidal attempt (lifetime)
* Recently initiated psychotherapy (past month)
* Elevated psychosis risk based on self-report prodromal questionnaire - brief version (PQ-B) or self-reported diagnosis of psychotic disorder by mental health provider
* Positive screen for autism spectrum disorder based on the self-report autism quotient (AQ-10) or self-reported diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder by mental health provider,
* Daily intake of benzodiazepine of \>20 mg diazepam milligram equivalent
* Inability to give informed, voluntary, written consent to participate
* Inability to effectively communicate in English as determined by interaction with study personnel
* Anything else that in the assessment of the study team is not conducive to the successful completion of the study requirements.
Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

30 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

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Foundation of Hope, North Carolina

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Responsibility Role SPONSOR

Principal Investigators

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Flavio Frohlich

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Carolina Center for Neurostimulation

Locations

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Carolina Center for Neurostimulation

Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Countries

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United States

Central Contacts

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Flavio Frohlich

Role: CONTACT

Phone: (919) 966-4584

Email: [email protected]

Zachary Stewart

Role: CONTACT

Email: [email protected]

Facility Contacts

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Flavio Frohlich, PhD

Role: primary

Zachary Stewart

Role: backup

References

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Kazdin AE. Understanding how and why psychotherapy leads to change. Psychother Res. 2009 Jul;19(4-5):418-28. doi: 10.1080/10503300802448899.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 19034715 (View on PubMed)

Wampold BE. How important are the common factors in psychotherapy? An update. World Psychiatry. 2015 Oct;14(3):270-7. doi: 10.1002/wps.20238.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 26407772 (View on PubMed)

Hougaard E. The therapeutic alliance--a conceptual analysis. Scand J Psychol. 1994 Mar;35(1):67-85. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9450.1994.tb00934.x.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 8191262 (View on PubMed)

Safran JD, Muran JC. Resolving therapeutic alliance ruptures: diversity and integration. J Clin Psychol. 2000 Feb;56(2):233-43. doi: 10.1002/(sici)1097-4679(200002)56:23.0.co;2-3.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 10718606 (View on PubMed)

Dumas G, Nadel J, Soussignan R, Martinerie J, Garnero L. Inter-brain synchronization during social interaction. PLoS One. 2010 Aug 17;5(8):e12166. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0012166.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 20808907 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

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22-1422

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id