Trial Outcomes & Findings for Using a Mirror in the Second Stage of Labor: Effects on Duration and Birth Experience (NCT NCT06648161)

Last Updated: 2025-09-09

Results Overview

The Childbirth Experience Questionnaire (CEQ) is a validated scale measuring women's birth experiences. It has 22 items across 4 subscales. Total score is the sum of all items converted to a 1-4 scale, yielding a range of 22-88. Higher scores indicate a more positive childbirth experience.

Recruitment status

COMPLETED

Study phase

Target enrollment

122 participants

Primary outcome timeframe

Within 24 hours postpartum

Results posted on

2025-09-09

Participant Flow

Participant milestones

Participant milestones
Measure	Experiment In the second stage of labor, the birth mirror will be used to allow the mother to see her own perineum. Labor Mirror: The labor mirror used in the second stage of labor allows the mother and midwife to observe the descent and birth of the baby during vaginal delivery and provides instant visualization of progress for the mother and midwife, especially in water births or water births	Control During the birth process, she will receive routine midwifery care and no intervention will be made.
Overall Study STARTED	61	61
Overall Study COMPLETED	61	61
Overall Study NOT COMPLETED	0	0

Reasons for withdrawal

Withdrawal data not reported

Baseline Characteristics

Using a Mirror in the Second Stage of Labor: Effects on Duration and Birth Experience

Baseline characteristics by cohort

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Within 24 hours postpartum

Population: The analysis included women who completed the Childbirth Experience Questionnaire within 24 hours after delivery. Participants who withdrew or had incomplete data were excluded.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Experiment n=61 Participants In the second stage of labor, the birth mirror will be used to allow the mother to see her own perineum. Labor Mirror: The labor mirror used in the second stage of labor allows the mother and midwife to observe the descent and birth of the baby during vaginal delivery and provides instant visualization of progress for the mother and midwife, especially in water births or water births	Control n=61 Participants During the birth process, she will receive routine midwifery care and no intervention will be made.
Childbirth Experience Questionnaire (CEQ) Total Score	73.85 units on a scale Standard Deviation 9.76	70.22 units on a scale Standard Deviation 9.60

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: During the second stage of labor, within the birth process

Population: All participants who completed the second stage of labor with recorded time data were included in the analysis.

The duration of the second stage of labor was compared between the experimental and control groups to assess the impact of labor mirror use.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Experiment n=61 Participants In the second stage of labor, the birth mirror will be used to allow the mother to see her own perineum. Labor Mirror: The labor mirror used in the second stage of labor allows the mother and midwife to observe the descent and birth of the baby during vaginal delivery and provides instant visualization of progress for the mother and midwife, especially in water births or water births	Control n=61 Participants During the birth process, she will receive routine midwifery care and no intervention will be made.
Duration of the Second Stage of Labor	12.52 Minutes Standard Deviation 4.53	19.48 Minutes Standard Deviation 5.58

Adverse Events

Experiment

Serious events: 0 serious events

Other events: 0 other events

Deaths: 0 deaths

Control

Serious events: 0 serious events

Other events: 0 other events

Deaths: 0 deaths

Serious adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Other adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Additional Information

Dr. Resmiye Özdilek

Kocaeli University

Phone: +90 262 303 47 38

Email: [email protected]

Results disclosure agreements

Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
Publication restrictions are in place

Measure	Experiment n=61 Participants In the second stage of labor, the birth mirror will be used to allow the mother to see her own perineum. Labor Mirror: The labor mirror used in the second stage of labor allows the mother and midwife to observe the descent and birth of the baby during vaginal delivery and provides instant visualization of progress for the mother and midwife, especially in water births or water births	Control n=61 Participants During the birth process, she will receive routine midwifery care and no intervention will be made.	Total n=122 Participants Total of all reporting groups
Age, Categorical <=18 years	0 Participants n=5 Participants	0 Participants n=7 Participants	0 Participants n=5 Participants
Age, Categorical Between 18 and 65 years	61 Participants n=5 Participants	61 Participants n=7 Participants	122 Participants n=5 Participants
Age, Categorical >=65 years	0 Participants n=5 Participants	0 Participants n=7 Participants	0 Participants n=5 Participants
Age, Continuous	26.82 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 5.35 • n=5 Participants	25.92 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 5.02 • n=7 Participants	26.37 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 5.18 • n=5 Participants
Sex: Female, Male Female	61 Participants n=5 Participants	61 Participants n=7 Participants	122 Participants n=5 Participants
Sex: Female, Male Male	0 Participants n=5 Participants	0 Participants n=7 Participants	0 Participants n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) American Indian or Alaska Native	0 Participants n=5 Participants	0 Participants n=7 Participants	0 Participants n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) Asian	0 Participants n=5 Participants	0 Participants n=7 Participants	0 Participants n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander	0 Participants n=5 Participants	0 Participants n=7 Participants	0 Participants n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) Black or African American	0 Participants n=5 Participants	0 Participants n=7 Participants	0 Participants n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) White	0 Participants n=5 Participants	0 Participants n=7 Participants	0 Participants n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) More than one race	0 Participants n=5 Participants	0 Participants n=7 Participants	0 Participants n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported	61 Participants n=5 Participants	61 Participants n=7 Participants	122 Participants n=5 Participants
Region of Enrollment Turkey	61 Participants n=5 Participants	61 Participants n=7 Participants	122 Participants n=5 Participants
Gestational Week at Admission	39.21 Weeks STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.20 • n=5 Participants	39.33 Weeks STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.21 • n=7 Participants	39.27 Weeks STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.20 • n=5 Participants