Effect of a Shortened FIFA11+ Warm-up Program and Sex-specific Footwear on Cutting in Youth Soccer Players
NCT ID: NCT06638346
Last Updated: 2025-12-19
Study Results
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Basic Information
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COMPLETED
NA
64 participants
INTERVENTIONAL
2024-01-29
2024-05-22
Brief Summary
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* \[Part 1: Quasi-RCT\] How does sex and a shortened FIFA11+ warm-up program, lasting 3 months, affect movement patterns during cutting compared to a standard warm-up program in youth soccer players?
* \[Part 2: Crossover design\] How does female-specific footwear affect movement patterns during cutting, compared to unisex footwear, in youth female players? Secondarily, whether specific shoe properties (comfort, functional traction, pressure distribution) differ between the two types of footwear.
For part 1 of the research:
* Researchers will compare a shortened FIFA11+ with a Brazilian warm-up program (standard) to see its effect on movement patterns during cutting.
* Participants will perform their assigned warm-up program twice a week for 3 months (12-weeks).
* To assess movement patterns, participants will perform an unplanned sidestep cutting task, captured with markerless cameras, before and after the training period.
For part 2, only female participants will be involved:
* Researchers will compare the effects of female-specific soccer cleats (designed exclusively for female) with unisex soccer cleats on cutting patterns and certain shoe properties.
* All participants will test both types of footwear and perform an unplanned sidestep task captured with markerless cameras, run through a slalom course (multiple acceleration and change of directions) to test for shoe traction, and complete an online survey on shoe comfort and perceived performance.
* A subset of participants will perform a planned sidestep task with wireless insoles to test for pressure distribution.
Detailed Description
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In addition, females are significantly more at-risk of ACL injuries than males. This is often attributed to differences in movement pattern and anatomy. Variations in foot anatomy can affect how players interact with footwear, which may in turn, influence cutting patterns. Yet, soccer footwear is typically designed using a male foot template (i.e. last), resulting in a one-size for all approach for female athletes.
In order to address current limitations, this study aims to estimate the effect of a shortened FIFA11+ and sex-specific footwear on cutting kinematics in youth soccer players. This will be done in two parts, where part 1 examines two warm-up programs, and part 2 examines two types of footwear. Ethics approval and informed participants and parental consent as well as assent have been obtained.
For part 1 of the study, 64 healthy soccer players will be recruited from Soccer Montréal (formerly known as Association Régionale de Soccer Concordia (ARSC)) sport study program. Soccer Montréal provides soccer sport study programs to high schools for high performance soccer players. Soccer Montréal conducts soccer training with pre-established cohorts separated by sex and age. Two male and 2 female cohorts will be allocated to either the intervention or control group. Male cohorts of similar age groups will be selected, and the entire cohort will be randomly allocated using a computer. The female cohorts have different age groups, and thus allocation to intervention or control will be divided within each cohort following a quasi-randomized fashion. During the testing, participants are required to perform an unanticipated sidestep maneuver at 45 (±10) degrees on artificial turf. Data will be collected with markerless motion capture systems. A total of 7 trials will be captured in each direction, only 5 out of 7 will be analyzed.
For part 2 of the study, female participants from part 1 (32 females) will test two types of footwear: Female-specific and unisex soccer cleats. Testing will be done at one time point. Female-specific cleats are provided from IDA sports, specifically the IDA centra FG/AG model. Unisex cleats are the Nike Tiempo Legend 10 Academy. Proper fit of shoe sizes will be examined manually by the research team prior to testing. Kinematic data will be collected using the same unanticipated sidestep task as part 1. Additional testing will include a slalom course to examine functional traction of the shoes. Participants will complete an online comfort survey, following the slalom course, once for each shoe. A subset of female participants will also complete a sidestep cutting task with wireless insoles to measure pressure data.
Findings of this study will advance knowledge of ACL injury mechanism during cutting tasks, aid in the design of more practical injury prevention programs and guide the development of female-specific footwear.
Conditions
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Keywords
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Study Design
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RANDOMIZED
PARALLEL
\[Part2: Footwear study\]: It will consist of a prospective, crossover design at one time point. All female participants will test both types of footwear (female-specific and unisex).
BASIC_SCIENCE
NONE
Study Groups
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[Part 1 of study]: Shortened FIFA 11+ Intervention Group
The intervention group will complete a shortened FIFA11+ pre-activation training, incorporating 5 exercises from FIFA11+. The program will be performed twice a week for 12 weeks. The program lasts approximately 7 minutes.
Shortened FIFA 11+ warm-up exercise program
The shortened FIFA11+ incorporates 5 exercises from the original FIFA11+ part 2 and 3: Sideways bench, single-leg stance, squats, jumping and plant and cut (refer to FIFA 11+ manual). All exercises, except plant and cut, have three levels of difficulty. Difficulty progression will follow FIFA11+ guideline option C where all players progress to the next level of all exercises after 3 or 4 weeks. This program is done on artificial turf.
Coaches will be trained on FIFA guidelines by the primary investigator and provided with explanatory placards and the FIFA 11+ manual. The primary investigator will conduct checks twice a week with the coaches to address any questions and review the program. Only the shortened FIFA11+ group will receive verbal feedback as per FIFA11+ guidelines.
[Part 1 study]: Control Group (Standard warm-up)
The control group will engage in a Brazilian warm-up, lasting approximately 7 minutes, 2 times a week for 3 months. Brazilian warm-ups are typically performed the usual warm-up routine at Soccer Montréal. A standardized version of the warm-up will be given so that all participants in the control group will undergo the same program.
Brazilian warm-up exercise program
The control group engages in a Brazilian warm-up. The warm-up consists of exercises performed in standing and while running including the following:
* Performed in standing: Circular Arms (20-30 sec total), Opening and closing of the hips (20-30 sec total).
* Performed while running back and forth on the field: Jogging (2 times), high kicks (2 times), glute kicks (2 times)
* Performed while running forward (exercise), then small jog back without performing the exercise: hand-to-heel touches (2 times), knee and heel touches (2 times each side), side leg swings (2 times) and progressive sprint 80-90% speed (2 times).
Coaches will supervise the session but will not be allowed to give verbal feedback. This program is done on artificial turf.
Interventions
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Shortened FIFA 11+ warm-up exercise program
The shortened FIFA11+ incorporates 5 exercises from the original FIFA11+ part 2 and 3: Sideways bench, single-leg stance, squats, jumping and plant and cut (refer to FIFA 11+ manual). All exercises, except plant and cut, have three levels of difficulty. Difficulty progression will follow FIFA11+ guideline option C where all players progress to the next level of all exercises after 3 or 4 weeks. This program is done on artificial turf.
Coaches will be trained on FIFA guidelines by the primary investigator and provided with explanatory placards and the FIFA 11+ manual. The primary investigator will conduct checks twice a week with the coaches to address any questions and review the program. Only the shortened FIFA11+ group will receive verbal feedback as per FIFA11+ guidelines.
Brazilian warm-up exercise program
The control group engages in a Brazilian warm-up. The warm-up consists of exercises performed in standing and while running including the following:
* Performed in standing: Circular Arms (20-30 sec total), Opening and closing of the hips (20-30 sec total).
* Performed while running back and forth on the field: Jogging (2 times), high kicks (2 times), glute kicks (2 times)
* Performed while running forward (exercise), then small jog back without performing the exercise: hand-to-heel touches (2 times), knee and heel touches (2 times each side), side leg swings (2 times) and progressive sprint 80-90% speed (2 times).
Coaches will supervise the session but will not be allowed to give verbal feedback. This program is done on artificial turf.
Other Intervention Names
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria
* Enrolled in Association Régionale de Soccer Concordia (ARSC), now known as Soccer Montréal, soccer sport study program.
* Age between 13-17 years old.
Exclusion Criteria
* History of any lower extremity surgery
* Current medical/neurological condition preventing cutting maneuver or training.
13 Years
17 Years
ALL
Yes
Sponsors
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Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council, Canada
OTHER
IDA sports
UNKNOWN
Soccer Montréal
UNKNOWN
McGill University
OTHER
Responsible Party
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Karen Chen
PhD Candidate
Principal Investigators
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Shawn Robbins, Associate Professor, PhD
Role: STUDY_DIRECTOR
McGill University
Karen Chen, PhD Candidate
Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
McGill University
Locations
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McGill University
Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Countries
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References
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Sterzing, T., Müller, C., Hennig, E. M., & Milani, T. L. (2009). Actual and perceived running performance in soccer shoes: A series of eight studies. Footwear Science, 1(1), 5-17. https://doi-org.proxy3.library.mcgill.ca/10.1080/19424280902915350
Lam WK, Ng WX, Kong PW. Influence of shoe midsole hardness on plantar pressure distribution in four basketball-related movements. Res Sports Med. 2017 Jan-Mar;25(1):37-47. doi: 10.1080/15438627.2016.1258643. Epub 2016 Nov 21.
Kanko RM, Laende E, Selbie WS, Deluzio KJ. Inter-session repeatability of markerless motion capture gait kinematics. J Biomech. 2021 May 24;121:110422. doi: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2021.110422. Epub 2021 Apr 8.
Ford, K. R., Nguyen, A. D., Westbrook, A. E., Mulrey, C. R., & Taylor, J. B. (2017). Footwear-induced changes in ankle biomechanics during unanticipated side-step cutting in female soccer players. Footwear Science, 9(sup1), S68-S70. https://doi-org.proxy3.library.mcgill.ca/10.1080/19424280.2017.1314343
O'Brien J, Young W, Finch CF. The use and modification of injury prevention exercises by professional youth soccer teams. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2017 Nov;27(11):1337-1346. doi: 10.1111/sms.12756. Epub 2016 Oct 7.
Soligard T, Nilstad A, Steffen K, Myklebust G, Holme I, Dvorak J, Bahr R, Andersen TE. Compliance with a comprehensive warm-up programme to prevent injuries in youth football. Br J Sports Med. 2010 Sep;44(11):787-93. doi: 10.1136/bjsm.2009.070672. Epub 2010 Jun 15.
Agel J, Rockwood T, Klossner D. Collegiate ACL Injury Rates Across 15 Sports: National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance System Data Update (2004-2005 Through 2012-2013). Clin J Sport Med. 2016 Nov;26(6):518-523. doi: 10.1097/JSM.0000000000000290.
Carlson VR, Sheehan FT, Boden BP. Video Analysis of Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Injuries: A Systematic Review. JBJS Rev. 2016 Nov 29;4(11):e5. doi: 10.2106/JBJS.RVW.15.00116.
Wunderlich RE, Cavanagh PR. Gender differences in adult foot shape: implications for shoe design. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2001 Apr;33(4):605-11. doi: 10.1097/00005768-200104000-00015.
Related Links
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Other Identifiers
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RGPIN-2018-06525
Identifier Type: OTHER_GRANT
Identifier Source: secondary_id
A12-M61-23B (23-10-088)
Identifier Type: -
Identifier Source: org_study_id