Trial Outcomes & Findings for Digital Incentive Spirometry Adherence (NCT NCT06629454)

NCT ID: NCT06629454

Last Updated: 2025-10-20

Results Overview

Number of inspiratory breath attempts performed with the digital IS per day.

• Recruitment status: COMPLETED
• Study phase: NA
• Target enrollment: 31 participants
• Primary outcome timeframe: Till discharge or up to 7 days
• Results posted on: 2025-10-20

Participant Flow

31 patients enrolled. 30 patients completed per protocol.

One participant was withdrawn from the study by clinician decision.

Participant milestones

Measure	Single Arm Proof of Concept Study of a Digital Incentive Spirometer This single-arm proof-of-concept research study aims to assess the effect of a digital incentive spirometer (IS) device and a companion mobile-based app on incentive spirometry adherence in patients post-surgery. The digital IS utilizes a sensor to measure inspiratory breaths, and these data are transmitted wirelessly to a secure cloud database. The spirometer and app include a patient reminder system, exercise gamification strategies, progress tracking, and additional features designed to promote patient IS use.
Overall Study STARTED	31
Overall Study COMPLETED	30
Overall Study NOT COMPLETED	1

Reasons for withdrawal

Measure

Single Arm Proof of Concept Study of a Digital Incentive Spirometer This single-arm proof-of-concept research study aims to assess the effect of a digital incentive spirometer (IS) device and a companion mobile-based app on incentive spirometry adherence in patients post-surgery. The digital IS utilizes a sensor to measure inspiratory breaths, and these data are transmitted wirelessly to a secure cloud database. The spirometer and app include a patient reminder system, exercise gamification strategies, progress tracking, and additional features designed to promote patient IS use.

Overall Study Withdraw by Clinician Decision

1

Baseline Characteristics

Digital Incentive Spirometry Adherence

Baseline characteristics by cohort

Measure	Single Arm Proof of Concept Study of a Digital Incentive Spirometer n=30 Participants This single-arm proof-of-concept research study aims to assess the effect of a digital incentive spirometer (IS) device and a companion mobile-based app on incentive spirometry adherence in patients post-surgery. The digital IS utilizes a sensor to measure inspiratory breaths, and these data are transmitted wirelessly to a secure cloud database. The spirometer and app include a patient reminder system, exercise gamification strategies, progress tracking, and additional features designed to promote patient IS use.
Age, Continuous	66 years n=5 Participants
Sex: Female, Male Female	17 Participants n=5 Participants
Sex: Female, Male Male	13 Participants n=5 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Hispanic or Latino	2 Participants n=5 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Not Hispanic or Latino	28 Participants n=5 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported	0 Participants n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) American Indian or Alaska Native	0 Participants n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) Asian	1 Participants n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander	0 Participants n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) Black or African American	6 Participants n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) White	22 Participants n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) More than one race	0 Participants n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported	1 Participants n=5 Participants
Height	66.7 inches n=5 Participants
Weight	177 pounds (lbs) n=5 Participants
Procedure Target Lobe Right Upper Lobe	10 Participants n=5 Participants
Procedure Target Lobe Right Lower Lobe	8 Participants n=5 Participants
Procedure Target Lobe Left Upper Lobe	5 Participants n=5 Participants
Procedure Target Lobe Left Lower Lobe	3 Participants n=5 Participants
Procedure Target Lobe Right Middle Lobe	1 Participants n=5 Participants
Procedure Target Lobe More than one lobe	3 Participants n=5 Participants
Preoperative Incentive Spirometry Volume Average preoperative volume	2066 milliliters n=5 Participants
Preoperative Incentive Spirometry Volume Maximum preoperative volume	2339 milliliters n=5 Participants
Preoperative Incentive Spirometry Flow Rate Average flow rate	259 milliliters per second n=5 Participants
Preoperative Incentive Spirometry Flow Rate Maximum flow rate	386 milliliters per second n=5 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Till discharge or up to 7 days

Number of inspiratory breath attempts performed with the digital IS per day.

Outcome measures

Measure

Single Arm Proof of Concept Study of a Digital Incentive Spirometer n=30 Participants This single-arm proof-of-concept research study aims to assess the effect of a digital incentive spirometer (IS) device and a companion mobile-based app on incentive spirometry adherence in patients post-surgery. The digital IS utilizes a sensor to measure inspiratory breaths, and these data are transmitted wirelessly to a secure cloud database. The spirometer and app include a patient reminder system, exercise gamification strategies, progress tracking, and additional features designed to promote patient IS use.

Incentive Spirometry Adherence (Breath Attempts Per Day)

45 Breath attempts Interval 23.0 to 59.0

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Till discharge or up to 7 days

Number of hours in which at least one inspiratory breath was attempted using the digital IS per day.

Outcome measures

Measure

Single Arm Proof of Concept Study of a Digital Incentive Spirometer n=30 Participants This single-arm proof-of-concept research study aims to assess the effect of a digital incentive spirometer (IS) device and a companion mobile-based app on incentive spirometry adherence in patients post-surgery. The digital IS utilizes a sensor to measure inspiratory breaths, and these data are transmitted wirelessly to a secure cloud database. The spirometer and app include a patient reminder system, exercise gamification strategies, progress tracking, and additional features designed to promote patient IS use.

Incentive Spirometry Consistency (Hours Per Day With ≥1 Breath)

7.6 Hours Interval 5.75 to 10.0

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Till discharge or up to 7 days

Inspiratory volume in milliliters measured from one inhalation from the device

Outcome measures

Measure	Single Arm Proof of Concept Study of a Digital Incentive Spirometer n=30 Participants This single-arm proof-of-concept research study aims to assess the effect of a digital incentive spirometer (IS) device and a companion mobile-based app on incentive spirometry adherence in patients post-surgery. The digital IS utilizes a sensor to measure inspiratory breaths, and these data are transmitted wirelessly to a secure cloud database. The spirometer and app include a patient reminder system, exercise gamification strategies, progress tracking, and additional features designed to promote patient IS use.
Volume of Inspiratory Breaths Attempted With the Digital IS Average postoperative volume	1314 milliliters Interval 403.0 to 2517.0
Volume of Inspiratory Breaths Attempted With the Digital IS Maximum postoperative volume	2375 milliliters Interval 716.0 to 7506.0

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Till discharge or up to 7 days

Average postoperative SpO2 per patient. Mean is the mean across the patient cohort.

Outcome measures

Measure

Single Arm Proof of Concept Study of a Digital Incentive Spirometer n=30 Participants This single-arm proof-of-concept research study aims to assess the effect of a digital incentive spirometer (IS) device and a companion mobile-based app on incentive spirometry adherence in patients post-surgery. The digital IS utilizes a sensor to measure inspiratory breaths, and these data are transmitted wirelessly to a secure cloud database. The spirometer and app include a patient reminder system, exercise gamification strategies, progress tracking, and additional features designed to promote patient IS use.

Blood Oxygen Saturation

96 percentage of oxygen saturation Interval 93.0 to 98.0

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Till discharge or up to 7 days

Postoperative pain scores will be reported on a scale from 0 (no pain) to 10 (unbearable pain). These are then averaged per patient. Mean and range is reported for the entirely of the patient cohort.

Outcome measures

Measure

Single Arm Proof of Concept Study of a Digital Incentive Spirometer n=30 Participants This single-arm proof-of-concept research study aims to assess the effect of a digital incentive spirometer (IS) device and a companion mobile-based app on incentive spirometry adherence in patients post-surgery. The digital IS utilizes a sensor to measure inspiratory breaths, and these data are transmitted wirelessly to a secure cloud database. The spirometer and app include a patient reminder system, exercise gamification strategies, progress tracking, and additional features designed to promote patient IS use.

Pain Scores

4 units on a scale from 0 to 10 Interval 0.0 to 7.0

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Till discharge or up to 7 days

Flow rate over time (mL/sec) of each inspiratory breath measured from one inhalation from the device.

Outcome measures

Measure	Single Arm Proof of Concept Study of a Digital Incentive Spirometer n=30 Participants This single-arm proof-of-concept research study aims to assess the effect of a digital incentive spirometer (IS) device and a companion mobile-based app on incentive spirometry adherence in patients post-surgery. The digital IS utilizes a sensor to measure inspiratory breaths, and these data are transmitted wirelessly to a secure cloud database. The spirometer and app include a patient reminder system, exercise gamification strategies, progress tracking, and additional features designed to promote patient IS use.
Flow Rate of Inspiratory Breaths Attempted From the Digital IS Average flow rate	186 Milliliters per second Interval 132.0 to 288.0
Flow Rate of Inspiratory Breaths Attempted From the Digital IS Maximum flow rate	357 Milliliters per second Interval 172.0 to 405.0

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: up to 2 weeks before the surgery

Preoperative diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide to move from air sacs into the bloodstream as a percent of predicted value based on the person's age, sex, height, and other factors.

Outcome measures

Measure

Single Arm Proof of Concept Study of a Digital Incentive Spirometer n=26 Participants This single-arm proof-of-concept research study aims to assess the effect of a digital incentive spirometer (IS) device and a companion mobile-based app on incentive spirometry adherence in patients post-surgery. The digital IS utilizes a sensor to measure inspiratory breaths, and these data are transmitted wirelessly to a secure cloud database. The spirometer and app include a patient reminder system, exercise gamification strategies, progress tracking, and additional features designed to promote patient IS use.

Diffusing Capacity of the Lungs for Carbon Monoxide (DLCO)

79.0 percentage of predicted value Interval 26.1 to 124.0

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: up to 2 weeks before the surgery

Preoperative forced expiration volume in 1 second as a percentage of predicted value based on the person's age, sex, height, and other factors.

Outcome measures

Measure

Single Arm Proof of Concept Study of a Digital Incentive Spirometer n=30 Participants This single-arm proof-of-concept research study aims to assess the effect of a digital incentive spirometer (IS) device and a companion mobile-based app on incentive spirometry adherence in patients post-surgery. The digital IS utilizes a sensor to measure inspiratory breaths, and these data are transmitted wirelessly to a secure cloud database. The spirometer and app include a patient reminder system, exercise gamification strategies, progress tracking, and additional features designed to promote patient IS use.

Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second (FEV-1)

90.6 percentage of predicted value Interval 21.5 to 129.3

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: up to 2 weeks before the surgery

Preoperative forced vital capacity of the lungs as a percentage of predicted value based on the person's age, sex, height, and other factors.

Outcome measures

Measure

Single Arm Proof of Concept Study of a Digital Incentive Spirometer n=30 Participants This single-arm proof-of-concept research study aims to assess the effect of a digital incentive spirometer (IS) device and a companion mobile-based app on incentive spirometry adherence in patients post-surgery. The digital IS utilizes a sensor to measure inspiratory breaths, and these data are transmitted wirelessly to a secure cloud database. The spirometer and app include a patient reminder system, exercise gamification strategies, progress tracking, and additional features designed to promote patient IS use.

Forced Vital Capacity (FVC)

94.4 percentage of predicted value Interval 66.3 to 135.5

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: up to 2 weeks before the surgery

Population: This metric was not collected as part of standard of care pulmonary function testing.

Preoperative vital capacity of the lungs.

Outcome measures

Outcome data not reported

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: up to 2 weeks before the surgery

Preoperative residual volume of the lungs as a percentage of predicted value based on the person's age, sex, height, and other factors.

Outcome measures

Measure

Single Arm Proof of Concept Study of a Digital Incentive Spirometer n=20 Participants This single-arm proof-of-concept research study aims to assess the effect of a digital incentive spirometer (IS) device and a companion mobile-based app on incentive spirometry adherence in patients post-surgery. The digital IS utilizes a sensor to measure inspiratory breaths, and these data are transmitted wirelessly to a secure cloud database. The spirometer and app include a patient reminder system, exercise gamification strategies, progress tracking, and additional features designed to promote patient IS use.

Residual Volume (RV)

108 percentage of predicted value Interval 75.3 to 203.6

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: up to 2 weeks before the surgery

Preoperative total lung capacity as a percentage of predicted value based on the person's age, sex, height, and other factors.

Outcome measures

Measure

Single Arm Proof of Concept Study of a Digital Incentive Spirometer n=25 Participants This single-arm proof-of-concept research study aims to assess the effect of a digital incentive spirometer (IS) device and a companion mobile-based app on incentive spirometry adherence in patients post-surgery. The digital IS utilizes a sensor to measure inspiratory breaths, and these data are transmitted wirelessly to a secure cloud database. The spirometer and app include a patient reminder system, exercise gamification strategies, progress tracking, and additional features designed to promote patient IS use.

Total Lung Capacity (TLC)

94.1 percentage of predicted value Interval 74.3 to 123.0

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: up to 2 weeks before the surgery

Forced expiratory flow rate between 25% and 75% of the forced vital capacity, pre-bronchodilator, as a percentage of predicted value based on the person's age, sex, height, and other factors.

Outcome measures

Measure

Single Arm Proof of Concept Study of a Digital Incentive Spirometer n=23 Participants This single-arm proof-of-concept research study aims to assess the effect of a digital incentive spirometer (IS) device and a companion mobile-based app on incentive spirometry adherence in patients post-surgery. The digital IS utilizes a sensor to measure inspiratory breaths, and these data are transmitted wirelessly to a secure cloud database. The spirometer and app include a patient reminder system, exercise gamification strategies, progress tracking, and additional features designed to promote patient IS use.

Forced Expiratory Flow (FEF25-75)

93.9 percentage of predicted value Interval 8.2 to 189.3

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: up to 2 weeks before the surgery

Total gas volume within the chest cavity when the airway is temporarily blocked as a percent of predicted value based on the person's age, sex, height, and other factors.

Outcome measures

Measure

Single Arm Proof of Concept Study of a Digital Incentive Spirometer n=12 Participants This single-arm proof-of-concept research study aims to assess the effect of a digital incentive spirometer (IS) device and a companion mobile-based app on incentive spirometry adherence in patients post-surgery. The digital IS utilizes a sensor to measure inspiratory breaths, and these data are transmitted wirelessly to a secure cloud database. The spirometer and app include a patient reminder system, exercise gamification strategies, progress tracking, and additional features designed to promote patient IS use.

Thoracic Gas Volume (TGV)

99.9 percentage of predicted value Interval 74.7 to 155.0

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: up to 2 weeks before the surgery

Expiratory reserve volume of the lungs as a percentage of predicted value based on the person's age, sex, height, and other factors.

Outcome measures

Measure

Single Arm Proof of Concept Study of a Digital Incentive Spirometer n=14 Participants This single-arm proof-of-concept research study aims to assess the effect of a digital incentive spirometer (IS) device and a companion mobile-based app on incentive spirometry adherence in patients post-surgery. The digital IS utilizes a sensor to measure inspiratory breaths, and these data are transmitted wirelessly to a secure cloud database. The spirometer and app include a patient reminder system, exercise gamification strategies, progress tracking, and additional features designed to promote patient IS use.

Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)

95.5 percentage of predicted value Interval 29.8 to 166.9

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: On the day of patient discharge from the hospital, an average of 3 days

Device engagement survey responses. Patients are instructed on the paper survey to "Circle how much you agree or disagree with the following statements:"

Outcome measures

Measure	Single Arm Proof of Concept Study of a Digital Incentive Spirometer n=24 Participants This single-arm proof-of-concept research study aims to assess the effect of a digital incentive spirometer (IS) device and a companion mobile-based app on incentive spirometry adherence in patients post-surgery. The digital IS utilizes a sensor to measure inspiratory breaths, and these data are transmitted wirelessly to a secure cloud database. The spirometer and app include a patient reminder system, exercise gamification strategies, progress tracking, and additional features designed to promote patient IS use.
Discharge Survey Responses - Device Engagement It was easy to know when to do my exercises with my device. · Strongly Agree	14 Participants
Discharge Survey Responses - Device Engagement It was easy to know when to do my exercises with my device. · Agree	6 Participants
Discharge Survey Responses - Device Engagement It was easy to know when to do my exercises with my device. · Neutral	1 Participants
Discharge Survey Responses - Device Engagement It was easy to know when to do my exercises with my device. · Disagree	1 Participants
Discharge Survey Responses - Device Engagement It was easy to know when to do my exercises with my device. · Strongly Disagree	0 Participants
Discharge Survey Responses - Device Engagement It was easy to know when to do my exercises with my device. · Incomplete	2 Participants
Discharge Survey Responses - Device Engagement It was easy to know when to do my exercises with my device. · Not applicable	0 Participants
Discharge Survey Responses - Device Engagement I felt motivated to do my exercises. · Strongly Agree	7 Participants
Discharge Survey Responses - Device Engagement I felt motivated to do my exercises. · Agree	10 Participants
Discharge Survey Responses - Device Engagement I felt motivated to do my exercises. · Neutral	5 Participants
Discharge Survey Responses - Device Engagement I felt motivated to do my exercises. · Disagree	0 Participants
Discharge Survey Responses - Device Engagement I felt motivated to do my exercises. · Strongly Disagree	0 Participants
Discharge Survey Responses - Device Engagement I felt motivated to do my exercises. · Incomplete	2 Participants
Discharge Survey Responses - Device Engagement I felt motivated to do my exercises. · Not applicable	0 Participants
Discharge Survey Responses - Device Engagement It was easy to click the button on my device to start an exercise when I wanted to. · Strongly Agree	14 Participants
Discharge Survey Responses - Device Engagement It was easy to click the button on my device to start an exercise when I wanted to. · Agree	10 Participants
Discharge Survey Responses - Device Engagement It was easy to click the button on my device to start an exercise when I wanted to. · Neutral	0 Participants
Discharge Survey Responses - Device Engagement It was easy to click the button on my device to start an exercise when I wanted to. · Disagree	0 Participants
Discharge Survey Responses - Device Engagement It was easy to click the button on my device to start an exercise when I wanted to. · Strongly Disagree	0 Participants
Discharge Survey Responses - Device Engagement It was easy to click the button on my device to start an exercise when I wanted to. · Incomplete	0 Participants
Discharge Survey Responses - Device Engagement It was easy to click the button on my device to start an exercise when I wanted to. · Not applicable	0 Participants
Discharge Survey Responses - Device Engagement I liked how the device gave spoken (audio) instructions for the exercises. · Strongly Agree	9 Participants
Discharge Survey Responses - Device Engagement I liked how the device gave spoken (audio) instructions for the exercises. · Agree	8 Participants
Discharge Survey Responses - Device Engagement I liked how the device gave spoken (audio) instructions for the exercises. · Neutral	3 Participants
Discharge Survey Responses - Device Engagement I liked how the device gave spoken (audio) instructions for the exercises. · Disagree	2 Participants
Discharge Survey Responses - Device Engagement I liked how the device gave spoken (audio) instructions for the exercises. · Strongly Disagree	1 Participants
Discharge Survey Responses - Device Engagement I liked how the device gave spoken (audio) instructions for the exercises. · Incomplete	1 Participants
Discharge Survey Responses - Device Engagement I liked how the device gave spoken (audio) instructions for the exercises. · Not applicable	0 Participants
Discharge Survey Responses - Device Engagement I liked how my nurse/doctor could see my breathing exercise measurements. · Strongly Agree	11 Participants
Discharge Survey Responses - Device Engagement I liked how my nurse/doctor could see my breathing exercise measurements. · Agree	8 Participants
Discharge Survey Responses - Device Engagement I liked how my nurse/doctor could see my breathing exercise measurements. · Neutral	2 Participants
Discharge Survey Responses - Device Engagement I liked how my nurse/doctor could see my breathing exercise measurements. · Disagree	0 Participants
Discharge Survey Responses - Device Engagement I liked how my nurse/doctor could see my breathing exercise measurements. · Strongly Disagree	1 Participants
Discharge Survey Responses - Device Engagement I liked how my nurse/doctor could see my breathing exercise measurements. · Incomplete	2 Participants
Discharge Survey Responses - Device Engagement I liked how my nurse/doctor could see my breathing exercise measurements. · Not applicable	0 Participants
Discharge Survey Responses - Device Engagement I was able to set up the app easily. · Strongly Agree	6 Participants
Discharge Survey Responses - Device Engagement I was able to set up the app easily. · Agree	5 Participants
Discharge Survey Responses - Device Engagement I was able to set up the app easily. · Neutral	0 Participants
Discharge Survey Responses - Device Engagement I was able to set up the app easily. · Disagree	0 Participants
Discharge Survey Responses - Device Engagement I was able to set up the app easily. · Strongly Disagree	0 Participants
Discharge Survey Responses - Device Engagement I was able to set up the app easily. · Incomplete	2 Participants
Discharge Survey Responses - Device Engagement I was able to set up the app easily. · Not applicable	11 Participants
Discharge Survey Responses - Device Engagement I liked the app features. · Strongly Agree	3 Participants
Discharge Survey Responses - Device Engagement I liked the app features. · Agree	6 Participants
Discharge Survey Responses - Device Engagement I liked the app features. · Neutral	3 Participants
Discharge Survey Responses - Device Engagement I liked the app features. · Disagree	0 Participants
Discharge Survey Responses - Device Engagement I liked the app features. · Strongly Disagree	0 Participants
Discharge Survey Responses - Device Engagement I liked the app features. · Incomplete	2 Participants
Discharge Survey Responses - Device Engagement I liked the app features. · Not applicable	10 Participants

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: On the day of patient discharge from the hospital, an average of 3 days

Have you used an incentive spirometer prior to this hospital stay?

Outcome measures

Measure	Single Arm Proof of Concept Study of a Digital Incentive Spirometer n=24 Participants This single-arm proof-of-concept research study aims to assess the effect of a digital incentive spirometer (IS) device and a companion mobile-based app on incentive spirometry adherence in patients post-surgery. The digital IS utilizes a sensor to measure inspiratory breaths, and these data are transmitted wirelessly to a secure cloud database. The spirometer and app include a patient reminder system, exercise gamification strategies, progress tracking, and additional features designed to promote patient IS use.
Discharge Survey Responses - Previous Incentive Spirometry YES	7 Participants
Discharge Survey Responses - Previous Incentive Spirometry NO	12 Participants
Discharge Survey Responses - Previous Incentive Spirometry Incomplete	5 Participants

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: On the day of patient discharge from the hospital, an average of 3 days

Discharge Survey Question: How much of you exercises do you think you completed?

Outcome measures

Measure	Single Arm Proof of Concept Study of a Digital Incentive Spirometer n=24 Participants This single-arm proof-of-concept research study aims to assess the effect of a digital incentive spirometer (IS) device and a companion mobile-based app on incentive spirometry adherence in patients post-surgery. The digital IS utilizes a sensor to measure inspiratory breaths, and these data are transmitted wirelessly to a secure cloud database. The spirometer and app include a patient reminder system, exercise gamification strategies, progress tracking, and additional features designed to promote patient IS use.
Discharge Survey Responses - Exercise Completion Self-Reported Adherence 0-20%, Close to none	0 Participants
Discharge Survey Responses - Exercise Completion Self-Reported Adherence 21-40%, A few of them	2 Participants
Discharge Survey Responses - Exercise Completion Self-Reported Adherence 41-60%, Around half	7 Participants
Discharge Survey Responses - Exercise Completion Self-Reported Adherence 61-80%, More than half	9 Participants
Discharge Survey Responses - Exercise Completion Self-Reported Adherence 81-100%, Almost all	6 Participants
Discharge Survey Responses - Exercise Completion Self-Reported Adherence Incomplete	0 Participants

Adverse Events

Single Arm Proof of Concept Study of a Digital Incentive Spirometer

Serious events: 0 serious events

Other events: 0 other events

Deaths: 0 deaths

Serious adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Other adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Additional Information

Doraid Jarrar

University of Pennsylvania

Phone: 2156627878

Email: doraid.jarrar@pennmedicine.upenn.edu

Results disclosure agreements

• Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
• Publication restrictions are in place