Central Vs Brachial BP, Exercise, and Coronary Artery Disease
NCT ID: NCT06617117
Last Updated: 2024-09-27
Study Results
The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.
Basic Information
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COMPLETED
NA
35 participants
INTERVENTIONAL
2018-02-01
2020-03-15
Brief Summary
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Examining BP responses after a single bout of exercise could help predict how effectively exercise lowers BP over time. There is a well-established reduction in BP, known as post-exercise hypotension (PEH), which occurs after exercise. This drop is typically around 8 to 9 mmHg and is observed in individuals with and without hypertension. However, it may not occur in people with CAD. The reason for this difference is unclear but may relate to individual variability in exercise responses.
No research has closely examined individual responses to PEH in people with CAD, and it remains unclear whether exercise affects central and brachial BP differently, as some medications do. Additionally, exercise intensity may influence the magnitude of the BP reduction post-exercise. Higher-intensity exercise tends to cause a more significant BP drop, both in hypertensive and non-hypertensive individuals, typically within 20 to 60 minutes post-exercise.
Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the acute effects of combined exercise at different intensities on central and brachial blood pressure in individuals with and without coronary artery disease.
The key research questions were:
1. Is the BP response of central and brachial arteries to acute combined exercise similar? How does coronary artery disease influence these BP responses? Is there individual variability among people with CAD?
2. Does high-intensity exercise, compared to moderate-intensity exercise, produce more pronounced changes in BP in the post-acute exercise period?
All participants were asked to:
Complete two combined exercise sessions - one moderate- and one high-intensity bout. The order of the sessions was randomly assigned, similar to flipping a coin.
BP was measured before and after each acute exercise bout in the laboratory. The researchers compared central and brachial BP responses between exercise intensities (high vs. moderate) and populations (individuals with and without CAD).
Detailed Description
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Conditions
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Keywords
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Study Design
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RANDOMIZED
CROSSOVER
OTHER
NONE
Study Groups
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Moderate-intensity combined exercise
A one-hour exercise session of moderate-intensity structured as follows: a warm-up (10 min), aerobic exercise (20 min), followed by a circuit resistance exercise (20 min), concluded with passive stretching cool down (10 min).
Moderate-intensity combined exercise
The main part of the exercise session consisted of an 18-min cycling continuous aerobic exercise at the first ventilatory threshold, followed by 2-min of unloading cycling. Subsequently, participants engaged in resistance exercises - 2 sets of 12 repetitions at 60% of their one repetition maximum. These resistance exercises were part of a machine-assisted circuit training program, encompassing Chest Press, Leg Curl, Low Row, Leg Press, Lat Pull-down, and Leg Extension.
High-intensity combined exercise
A one-hour exercise session of high-intensity structured as follows: a warm-up (10 min), aerobic exercise (20 min), followed by a circuit resistance exercise (20 min), concluded with passive stretching cool down (10 min).
High-intensity combined exercise
The main part consisted of interval cycling exercise, comprising 5x2 min at the second ventilatory threshold interspersed with 4x2 min at the first ventilatory threshold, followed by 2-min unloading pedalling. Subsequently, participants completed resistance exercises (2 sets of 12 repetitions), targeting the same muscle groups of the moderate-intensity exercise, at an intensity of 80% of their 1 repetition maximum.
Interventions
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High-intensity combined exercise
The main part consisted of interval cycling exercise, comprising 5x2 min at the second ventilatory threshold interspersed with 4x2 min at the first ventilatory threshold, followed by 2-min unloading pedalling. Subsequently, participants completed resistance exercises (2 sets of 12 repetitions), targeting the same muscle groups of the moderate-intensity exercise, at an intensity of 80% of their 1 repetition maximum.
Moderate-intensity combined exercise
The main part of the exercise session consisted of an 18-min cycling continuous aerobic exercise at the first ventilatory threshold, followed by 2-min of unloading cycling. Subsequently, participants engaged in resistance exercises - 2 sets of 12 repetitions at 60% of their one repetition maximum. These resistance exercises were part of a machine-assisted circuit training program, encompassing Chest Press, Leg Curl, Low Row, Leg Press, Lat Pull-down, and Leg Extension.
Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria
* Aged-matched healthy adults free of cardiovascular, respiratory, or metabolic disease and with no more than 2 traditional risk factors.
* Physically active defined as engaging in exercise at least 3 times per week over the past 6 months
Exclusion Criteria
* Pulmonary disease
* Uncontrolled atrial or ventricular dysrhythmia
* Disability or mental illness
* Extra-cardiac disease
55 Years
85 Years
ALL
Yes
Sponsors
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Egas Moniz - Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, CRL
OTHER
Responsible Party
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Locations
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Faculdade de Motricidade Humana - University of Lisbon
Lisbon, Lisbon District, Portugal
Countries
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References
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Iellamo F, Perrone MA, Caminiti G, Volterrani M, Legramante JM. Post-exercise Hypotension in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease. Front Physiol. 2021 Dec 22;12:788591. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2021.788591. eCollection 2021.
Kiviniemi AM, Hautala AJ, Karjalainen JJ, Piira OP, Lepojarvi S, Ukkola O, Huikuri HV, Tulppo MP. Acute post-exercise change in blood pressure and exercise training response in patients with coronary artery disease. Front Physiol. 2015 Jan 12;5:526. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00526. eCollection 2014.
Fagard R, Vanhees L. Twenty-four hour blood pressure after exercise in patients with coronary artery disease. J Hum Hypertens. 2000 Apr;14(4):231-4. doi: 10.1038/sj.jhh.1000976.
Gaspar MP, Maroco JL, Cruz L, Laranjo S, Santa-Clara H, Fernhall B, Melo X. Repeatability of heart-rate variability and baroreflex sensitivity as metrics of cardiac autonomic function during exercise in young females and males. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2025 Oct 25. doi: 10.1007/s00421-025-06011-w. Online ahead of print.
Maroco JL, Angarten V, Pinto R, Santos V, Fernhall B, Santa-Clara H, Melo X. Post-exercise differential response of central and brachial blood pressure in patients with coronary artery disease: A randomized crossover trial. PLoS One. 2025 Feb 21;20(2):e0317212. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0317212. eCollection 2025.
Other Identifiers
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BRAVE HEARTS
Identifier Type: -
Identifier Source: org_study_id