Subtyping Primary Aldosteronism With Para-chloro-2-[18F]Fluoroethyl-etomidate

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

RECRUITING

Clinical Phase

PHASE1/PHASE2

Total Enrollment

12 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2024-11-06

Study Completion Date

2027-05-31

Brief Summary

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The goal of this clinical trial is to investigate the uptake characteristics of \[18F\]CETO in adrenal tissue in patients with two different subtypes of primary aldosteronism. The main questions it aims to answer are:

* What are the uptake characteristics of \[18F\]CETO in adrenal tissue in patients with primary aldosteronism?
* What is the concordance between the adrenal vein sampling and the \[18F\]CETO PET/CT scan results?
* What is the effect of adrenal perfusion on \[18F\]CETO uptake in the adrenal glands?

Researchers will compare the results of the adrenal vein sampling to a \[18F\]CETO PET/CT scan to see if the PET/CT can accurately identify the subtypes of primary aldosteronism. Participants will:

* Take dexamethasone three days prior to the scan
* Undergo a \[18F\]CETO PET/CT
* Report burden of pre-treatment and PET/CT scan

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Detailed Description

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Rationale Primary aldosteronism (PA) is a relatively frequent and clinically relevant secondary cause of hypertension. PA is usually caused by either an aldosterone producing adrenal adenoma (APA) or bilateral adrenal hyperplasia (BAH). Differentiation between these two subtypes is important as it determines the treatment of choice, i.e., unilateral adrenalectomy in case of APA and medical treatment with a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist in case of BAH. Adrenal vein sampling (AVS) is considered the optimal diagnostic test for this subtyping and is recommended in most patients with PA who are a candidate for surgery. AVS, however, is an invasive and time-consuming procedure with limited availability due to the special expertise required. Additional disadvantages are the risk of procedure related complications and the relative high costs. Thus, there is an unmet need for a non-invasive, faster, more patient friendly and less expensive diagnostic test which can distinguish between the two main subtypes of PA. PET/CT with para-chloro-2-\[18F\]fluoroethyl-etomidate (\[18F\]CETO) has a high specificity for the steroidogenic enzymes CYP11B1 and CYP11B2, present in the adrenal cortex, and has more favourable tracer characteristics compared to \[11C\]metomidate. Results obtained with this novel tracer seem promising, but its potential value in the subtyping of PA needs to be further established. Our hypothesis is that \[18F\]CETO PET/CT is selectively taken up by aldosterone producing adrenal tissue.

Objective The main objective is to investigate the uptake characteristics of \[18F\]CETO in adrenal tissue in patients with either APA or BAH. The secondary objective is to evaluate the concordance between the results of adrenal vein sampling and the results of the \[18F\]CETO scan. In addition, the effect of tissue perfusion on the \[18F\]CETO uptake by means of a 15O water scan is studied.

Main trial endpoints The main trial endpoint is the investigation of \[18F\]CETO uptake by adrenal gland tissue in patients with either APA or BAH. Descriptive statistics will be used to explore uptake characteristics.

Secondary trial endpoints The secondary trial end points are i) the concordance between the results of adrenal vein sampling and ii) the relationship between adrenal perfusion and \[18F\]CETO uptake Trial design Prospective, single-center, diagnostic, observational pilot study. The expected duration of this study is 2 years.

Trial population Adult patients \> 18 years of age with biochemically confirmed PA who underwent a successful AVS (n=12) are eligible for inclusion. Main exclusion criteria are diabetes mellitus, serious comorbidity precluding surgery and use of specific medications.

Interventions Participating patients have been subjected to the routine diagnostic work-up for PA as recommended by the guideline of the European Society of Hypertension (2020), including hormonal evaluation before and after a salt-loading protocol, CT or MRI of the adrenal glands and AVS. Three days prior to the PET/CT scans, patients receive pretreatment with dexamethasone in order to enhance tracer specificity. Each participant will be subjected to one additional hospital visit for the investigational diagnostic PET-CT procedure with the administration of \[18F\]CETO, which is directly preceded by a 15O water scan.

Ethical considerations relating to the clinical trial including the expected benefit to the individual subject or group of patients represented by the trial subjects as well as the nature and extent of burden and risks.

No adverse effects following \[18F\]CETO and 15O water injection have been reported in the literature. Pretreatment with dexamethasone is recommended for the \[18F\]CETO PET/CT and could result in mild reversible side effects (hyperglycemia, mood changes, sleep disturbance), which will be monitored by means of a non-invasive questionnaire. As this is a diagnostic pilot study, participating patients will not benefit directly from this investigational diagnostic procedure. However, patients contribute to gathering information on the application of \[18F\]CETO PET/CT, potentially reducing the need for AVS in future patients.

Conditions

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Primary Aldosteronism

Study Design

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Allocation Method

NON_RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

SINGLE_GROUP

All study participants will receive an adrenal vein sampling and a \[18F\]CETO PET/CT scan.

Primary Study Purpose

DIAGNOSTIC

Blinding Strategy

NONE

Study Groups

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Aldosterone producing adenoma

Patients diagnosed with an aldosterone producing adenoma

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

[18F]CETO tracer

Intervention Type DRUG

PET/CT with para-chloro-2-\[18F\]fluoroethyl-etomidate (\[18F\]CETO) has a high specificity for the steroidogenic enzymes CYP11B1 and CYP11B2, present in the adrenal cortex, and has more favourable tracer characteristics compared to \[11C\]metomidate. Results obtained with this novel tracer seem promising, but its potential value in the subtyping of PA needs to be further established.

Dexamethasone oral

Intervention Type DRUG

Pre-treatment of dexamethasone prior to 18F CETO PET/CT scan

Adrenal vein sampling

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Adrenl vein sampling

Bilateral adrenal hyperplasia

Patients diagnosed with bilateral adrenal hyperplasia

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

[18F]CETO tracer

Intervention Type DRUG

PET/CT with para-chloro-2-\[18F\]fluoroethyl-etomidate (\[18F\]CETO) has a high specificity for the steroidogenic enzymes CYP11B1 and CYP11B2, present in the adrenal cortex, and has more favourable tracer characteristics compared to \[11C\]metomidate. Results obtained with this novel tracer seem promising, but its potential value in the subtyping of PA needs to be further established.

Dexamethasone oral

Intervention Type DRUG

Pre-treatment of dexamethasone prior to 18F CETO PET/CT scan

Adrenal vein sampling

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Adrenl vein sampling

Interventions

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[18F]CETO tracer

PET/CT with para-chloro-2-\[18F\]fluoroethyl-etomidate (\[18F\]CETO) has a high specificity for the steroidogenic enzymes CYP11B1 and CYP11B2, present in the adrenal cortex, and has more favourable tracer characteristics compared to \[11C\]metomidate. Results obtained with this novel tracer seem promising, but its potential value in the subtyping of PA needs to be further established.

Intervention Type DRUG

Dexamethasone oral

Pre-treatment of dexamethasone prior to 18F CETO PET/CT scan

Intervention Type DRUG

Adrenal vein sampling

Adrenl vein sampling

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Other Intervention Names

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Para-chloro-2-[18F]fluoroethyl-etomidate ([18F]CETO) AVS

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* above 18 years
* Biochemically established diagnosis of PA\*
* Completion of standard diagnostic work-up of PA\*
* Able to follow and understand instructions to participate in the study
* Able to give written informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria

* diabetes mellitus (i.e., HbA1c above 42 mmol/mol, and/or fasting plasma glucose \&amp;gt; 7.0 mol/l or non-fasting plasma glucose above 11.1 mmol/L )
* serious comorbidities precluding surgery
* severe claustrophobia
* pregnancy/breastfeeding or unable/unwilling to take adequate contraceptives (female only)
* concurrent active infections (e.g., viral, fungal or parasite infections)\*\*
* problematic venous access
* unable/unwilling to take dexamethasone prior to \[18F\]CETO scanning
* inability to temporary stop medication affecting aldosterone secretion
* use of ketoconazole, metyrapone or cytostatic drugs during previous 6 months\*\*\*
* long-term use of prednisolone and/or dexamethasone.

Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Responsible Party

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Responsibility Role SPONSOR

Principal Investigators

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Dr. M.N. Kerstens

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Department of Internal Medicine - Endocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands