Non-invasive Treatment for Long COVID (Post COVID-19 Condition) Brain Fog

NCT ID: NCT06614309

Last Updated: 2025-11-10

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

Get a concise snapshot of the trial, including recruitment status, study phase, enrollment targets, and key timeline milestones.

Recruitment Status

RECRUITING

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

45 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2024-09-24

Study Completion Date

2026-05-31

Brief Summary

Review the sponsor-provided synopsis that highlights what the study is about and why it is being conducted.

This study aims to assess the effects of both acute and chronic exposures to hypoxia and hypercapnia in patients with Long COVID syndrome.

Detailed Description

Dive into the extended narrative that explains the scientific background, objectives, and procedures in greater depth.

Conditions

See the medical conditions and disease areas that this research is targeting or investigating.

Long COVID

Keywords

Explore important study keywords that can help with search, categorization, and topic discovery.

brain fog brain blood flow heart rate variability fatigue

Study Design

Understand how the trial is structured, including allocation methods, masking strategies, primary purpose, and other design elements.

Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

CROSSOVER

Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

NONE

Study Groups

Review each arm or cohort in the study, along with the interventions and objectives associated with them.

Placebo Group

Study group will complete 6 simulated cycles of 5 minutes breathing 21% oxygen from a douglas bag and 5 minutes breathing room air (60 minutes) for every visit during the 14 days intervention period. Subjects will then return within 7 days of their final training visit to repeat baseline testing

Group Type PLACEBO_COMPARATOR

Training: Placebo Control

Intervention Type OTHER

Intervention will consist of 6 to 10 study visits (3-5 sessions/week) to be completed within 14 days. Subjects will complete 6 simulated cycles of 5 minutes breathing 21% oxygen from a douglas bag and 5 minutes breathing room air (60 minutes) for every visit during the 14 days.

Training Group

Training Study group will be complete 6 cycles of either progressive CO2 ramp protocol or the intermittent hypoxia protocol for 60 minutes for every visit during the 14 days. Subjects will then return within 7 days of their final training visit to repeat baseline testing

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Training: Progressive Carbon Dioxide Ramping

Intervention Type OTHER

Intervention will consist of 6 to 10 study visits (3-5 sessions/week) to be completed within 14 days. Subjects will will be given the progressive CO2 ramp protocol of 60-minute sessions, which will include 6 cycles of progressive CO2 ramping starting at 0% and progressing up to 10% within 5 minutes immediately followed with 5 minutes of room air breathing in between cycles, for every visit during the 14 days.

Training: Intermittent Hypoxic Exposure

Intervention Type OTHER

Intervention will consist of 6 to 10 study visits (3-5 sessions/week) to be completed within 14 days. Subjects will will be given the intermittent hypoxia exposure protocol of 60-minute sessions, which will include 6 cycles breathing 8-12% oxygen (O2) for 5 minutes with a target pulse oximeter saturation of 86-90%, followed by 5 minutes of breathing room air for every visit during the 14 days.

Acute exposure: Placebo, Progressive Carbon Dioxide, Intermittent Hypoxia

Study group will receive the three interventions in this order: Placebo, Progressive Carbon Dioxide, then Intermittent Hypoxia

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Acute Placebo Visit

Intervention Type OTHER

The placebo visit will include 6 simulated cycles of 5 minutes breathing 21% oxygen from a douglas bag and 5 minutes breathing room air.

Acute Progressive Carbon Dioxide

Intervention Type OTHER

The progressive carbon dioxide visit will include a 60-minute progressive ramp which includes 6 cycles of progressive CO2 ramping starting at 0% and progressing up to 10% within 5 minutes immediately followed with 5 minutes of room air breathing in between cycles.

Acute Intermittent Hypoxia

Intervention Type OTHER

The intermittent hypoxia exposure visit will include 6 cycles breathing 8-12% oxygen (O2) for 5 minutes with a target pulse oximeter saturation of 86-90%, followed by 5 minutes of breathing room air.

Acute exposure: Placebo, Intermittent Hypoxia, Progressive Carbon Dioxide

Study group will receive the three interventions in this order: Placebo, Intermittent Hypoxia, Progressive Carbon Dioxide

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Acute Placebo Visit

Intervention Type OTHER

The placebo visit will include 6 simulated cycles of 5 minutes breathing 21% oxygen from a douglas bag and 5 minutes breathing room air.

Acute Progressive Carbon Dioxide

Intervention Type OTHER

The progressive carbon dioxide visit will include a 60-minute progressive ramp which includes 6 cycles of progressive CO2 ramping starting at 0% and progressing up to 10% within 5 minutes immediately followed with 5 minutes of room air breathing in between cycles.

Acute Intermittent Hypoxia

Intervention Type OTHER

The intermittent hypoxia exposure visit will include 6 cycles breathing 8-12% oxygen (O2) for 5 minutes with a target pulse oximeter saturation of 86-90%, followed by 5 minutes of breathing room air.

Acute exposure: Intermittent Hypoxia, Placebo, Progressive Carbon Dioxide

Study group will receive the three interventions in this order: Intermittent Hypoxia, Placebo, Progressive Carbon Dioxide

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Acute Placebo Visit

Intervention Type OTHER

The placebo visit will include 6 simulated cycles of 5 minutes breathing 21% oxygen from a douglas bag and 5 minutes breathing room air.

Acute Progressive Carbon Dioxide

Intervention Type OTHER

The progressive carbon dioxide visit will include a 60-minute progressive ramp which includes 6 cycles of progressive CO2 ramping starting at 0% and progressing up to 10% within 5 minutes immediately followed with 5 minutes of room air breathing in between cycles.

Acute Intermittent Hypoxia

Intervention Type OTHER

The intermittent hypoxia exposure visit will include 6 cycles breathing 8-12% oxygen (O2) for 5 minutes with a target pulse oximeter saturation of 86-90%, followed by 5 minutes of breathing room air.

Acute exposure: Intermittent Hypoxia, Progressive Carbon Dioxide, Placebo

Study group will receive the three interventions in this order: Intermittent Hypoxia, Progressive Carbon Dioxide, Placebo

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Acute Placebo Visit

Intervention Type OTHER

The placebo visit will include 6 simulated cycles of 5 minutes breathing 21% oxygen from a douglas bag and 5 minutes breathing room air.

Acute Progressive Carbon Dioxide

Intervention Type OTHER

The progressive carbon dioxide visit will include a 60-minute progressive ramp which includes 6 cycles of progressive CO2 ramping starting at 0% and progressing up to 10% within 5 minutes immediately followed with 5 minutes of room air breathing in between cycles.

Acute Intermittent Hypoxia

Intervention Type OTHER

The intermittent hypoxia exposure visit will include 6 cycles breathing 8-12% oxygen (O2) for 5 minutes with a target pulse oximeter saturation of 86-90%, followed by 5 minutes of breathing room air.

Acute exposure: Progressive Carbon Dioxide, Placebo, Intermittent Hypoxia

Study group will receive the three interventions in this order: Progressive Carbon Dioxide, Placebo, Intermittent Hypoxia

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Acute Placebo Visit

Intervention Type OTHER

The placebo visit will include 6 simulated cycles of 5 minutes breathing 21% oxygen from a douglas bag and 5 minutes breathing room air.

Acute Progressive Carbon Dioxide

Intervention Type OTHER

The progressive carbon dioxide visit will include a 60-minute progressive ramp which includes 6 cycles of progressive CO2 ramping starting at 0% and progressing up to 10% within 5 minutes immediately followed with 5 minutes of room air breathing in between cycles.

Acute Intermittent Hypoxia

Intervention Type OTHER

The intermittent hypoxia exposure visit will include 6 cycles breathing 8-12% oxygen (O2) for 5 minutes with a target pulse oximeter saturation of 86-90%, followed by 5 minutes of breathing room air.

Acute exposure: Progressive Carbon Dioxide, Intermittent Hypoxia, Placebo

Study group will receive the three interventions in this order: Progressive Carbon Dioxide, Intermittent Hypoxia, Placebo

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Acute Placebo Visit

Intervention Type OTHER

The placebo visit will include 6 simulated cycles of 5 minutes breathing 21% oxygen from a douglas bag and 5 minutes breathing room air.

Acute Progressive Carbon Dioxide

Intervention Type OTHER

The progressive carbon dioxide visit will include a 60-minute progressive ramp which includes 6 cycles of progressive CO2 ramping starting at 0% and progressing up to 10% within 5 minutes immediately followed with 5 minutes of room air breathing in between cycles.

Acute Intermittent Hypoxia

Intervention Type OTHER

The intermittent hypoxia exposure visit will include 6 cycles breathing 8-12% oxygen (O2) for 5 minutes with a target pulse oximeter saturation of 86-90%, followed by 5 minutes of breathing room air.

Interventions

Learn about the drugs, procedures, or behavioral strategies being tested and how they are applied within this trial.

Acute Placebo Visit

The placebo visit will include 6 simulated cycles of 5 minutes breathing 21% oxygen from a douglas bag and 5 minutes breathing room air.

Intervention Type OTHER

Acute Progressive Carbon Dioxide

The progressive carbon dioxide visit will include a 60-minute progressive ramp which includes 6 cycles of progressive CO2 ramping starting at 0% and progressing up to 10% within 5 minutes immediately followed with 5 minutes of room air breathing in between cycles.

Intervention Type OTHER

Acute Intermittent Hypoxia

The intermittent hypoxia exposure visit will include 6 cycles breathing 8-12% oxygen (O2) for 5 minutes with a target pulse oximeter saturation of 86-90%, followed by 5 minutes of breathing room air.

Intervention Type OTHER

Training: Progressive Carbon Dioxide Ramping

Intervention will consist of 6 to 10 study visits (3-5 sessions/week) to be completed within 14 days. Subjects will will be given the progressive CO2 ramp protocol of 60-minute sessions, which will include 6 cycles of progressive CO2 ramping starting at 0% and progressing up to 10% within 5 minutes immediately followed with 5 minutes of room air breathing in between cycles, for every visit during the 14 days.

Intervention Type OTHER

Training: Intermittent Hypoxic Exposure

Intervention will consist of 6 to 10 study visits (3-5 sessions/week) to be completed within 14 days. Subjects will will be given the intermittent hypoxia exposure protocol of 60-minute sessions, which will include 6 cycles breathing 8-12% oxygen (O2) for 5 minutes with a target pulse oximeter saturation of 86-90%, followed by 5 minutes of breathing room air for every visit during the 14 days.

Intervention Type OTHER

Training: Placebo Control

Intervention will consist of 6 to 10 study visits (3-5 sessions/week) to be completed within 14 days. Subjects will complete 6 simulated cycles of 5 minutes breathing 21% oxygen from a douglas bag and 5 minutes breathing room air (60 minutes) for every visit during the 14 days.

Intervention Type OTHER

Eligibility Criteria

Check the participation requirements, including inclusion and exclusion rules, age limits, and whether healthy volunteers are accepted.

Inclusion Criteria

* English speaking
* Diagnosis of Long COVID

Exclusion Criteria

* Any history of:

* Coronary artery dissection or aortic dissection
* Neurological disease (e.g. dementia, Alzheimer's disease, or other brain-related disease)
* Cerebrovascular disease or stroke
* Aneurysm
* If currently has:

* Moderate-severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
* Uncontrolled moderate-severe asthma
* Moderate-severe bronchiectasis
* Moderate-severe interstitial lung disease, requiring the use of supplemental oxygen
* A necessity to use supplemental oxygen, for any reason
* New or worsening symptoms (decompensation) of heart failure
* Right heart disease due to chronic pulmonary disease/sleep apnea
* Uncontrolled myocardial ischemia or angina
* Uncontrolled heart arrhythmias
* Heart or lung infection (e.g. myocarditis or pericarditis)
* Left main coronary artery stenosis
* Moderate-severe aortic stenosis
* Pulmonary embolism, pulmonary infarction, or other blood clots
* Severe respiratory disease
* Chronic kidney disease
* Chronic liver disease
* Females of childbearing potential will complete a urine pregnancy test at their baseline visit to rule out pregnancy
* BMI \>40
* Study staff unable to obtain adequate signal for cerebral blood flow
Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

Meet the organizations funding or collaborating on the study and learn about their roles.

Mayo Clinic

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

Identify the individual or organization who holds primary responsibility for the study information submitted to regulators.

Courtney M. Wheatley

Principal Investigator

Responsibility Role PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

Learn about the lead researchers overseeing the trial and their institutional affiliations.

Courtney Wheatley-Guy

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Mayo Clinic

Locations

Explore where the study is taking place and check the recruitment status at each participating site.

Mayo Clinic in Arizona

Scottsdale, Arizona, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Countries

Review the countries where the study has at least one active or historical site.

United States

Central Contacts

Reach out to these primary contacts for questions about participation or study logistics.

Jordan Parks

Role: CONTACT

Phone: 480-301-6616

Email: [email protected]

Facility Contacts

Find local site contact details for specific facilities participating in the trial.

Jordan Parks

Role: primary

Other Identifiers

Review additional registry numbers or institutional identifiers associated with this trial.

24-006115

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id