Memory for Music: Individual Intensive Musical Training in Alzheimer's Disease

NCT ID: NCT06611878

Last Updated: 2024-12-10

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

RECRUITING

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

113 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2024-12-01

Study Completion Date

2027-10-01

Brief Summary

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This project, called Memory for Music, focuses on the increasing number of people worldwide living with dementia, especially Alzheimer's disease (AD). AD typically starts with memory problems and eventually affects daily activities. Active music interventions, especially singing, have shown positive effects on mood, behavior, and quality of life for people with dementia, but their impact on cognition is not well understood. The project aims to address this gap by studying the effects of learning new songs on cognitive, behavioral, and brain functioning.

The study will involve home-dwelling adults aged 65 or older with AD from Argentina, Austria, and Norway. Participants will undergo 5 months of intensive musical training (twice a week) and 5 months of minimal training (once a month) in a random order, with a 2-month break in between. The interventions include learning new songs with a personal music teacher. General cognition will be measured using the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale - Cognitive (ADAS-cog), and memory for music will be assessed through various methods, including behavioral tasks and brain responses (EEG). Mood will also be evaluated in each session.

The goal is to include 113 participants to ensure reliable detection of meaningful effects. The study will explore how mood and memory for music contribute to changes in cognitive abilities, and whether these effects vary based on factors such as sex, age, AD stage, or previous musical training and general education. The project emphasizes collaboration between researchers, service providers, and users to ensure the study's relevance and applicability.

Detailed Description

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The number of people living with dementia is increasing and is high in low, middle, and high-income countries. Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common type of dementia, manifests itself initially with cognitive impairment in memory domains, and later affects all activities of daily living. Active music interventions, particularly singing, can help to improve mood, behaviour problems, and quality of life. Too little is known about their effects on cognition, although some promising studies exist. The M4M project aims to fill this gap by measuring effects of learning new songs on clinical, behavioural and brain functioning. Specifically, M4M aims to examine changes in general cognitive functioning and memory for music in non-musician adults with AD undergoing intensive individual musical training based on singing novel songs, compared to minimal training.

Home-dwelling adults with AD, 65 years or older, in 3 countries (Argentina, Austria, Norway), will receive 5 months of intensive intervention (2x/week) and 5 months of minimal intervention (1x/month), in random order, with a 2-month break in between. Interventions will entail learning new songs with an individual music teacher. At the end of each intervention period, general cognition will be measured with the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale - Cognitive (ADAS-cog) by a person who is unaware of the intervention received. Memory for music will be tested with observations, behavioural tasks, and brain responses (EEG). Mood will be assessed in each session. The investigators aim to include 113 participants; this will help us to reliably detect clinically meaningful effects. The investigators will also examine how mood and memory for music lead to changes in cognitive abilities, and whether effects depend on sex, age, AD stage, or previous musical training or general education. M4M will be conducted in close collaboration between academic researchers, service providers, and service users to ensure relevance and applicability.

Behavioural assessment will be conducted by the instructors and by external evaluators at specific points of the musical training. Mood will be assessed using a 5-point emoji scale, and Sense of Familiarity with the current song will be estimated using a scale that takes into account verbal and behavioural cues; both measures were developed for the purpose of this study.

EEG measures will be collected while participants listen to both unknown melodies and melodies they have learned during the intervention period, and the investigators wish to assess whether in-key violations in known songs will elicit an N400-like event related potential. If participants develop musical semantic memory through our intervention, the investigators expect them to show this N400-like component to in-key violations in familiarized melodies, i.e., those melodies that are introduced and learned during our intervention, but only after the intervention. If an N400 component is detectable during these in-key violations of a newly learned song, it will indicate memory of the new song even if the participant is unable to adhere to a behavioural task or display an observable sense of familiarity. The in-key violations will be introduced at multiple places throughout each melody, which will consist of at least 32 bars. A total of 10 melodies will be played for each participant, of which half are learned in an intervention period (familiarized/to be familiarized). In each of the melodies the investigators will include at least 8 in-key violations. ERPs in response to these in-key violations will be compared to ERPs in response to unchanged notes in structurally similar places in each melody.

Conditions

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Alzheimer Disease

Keywords

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music and memory N400 music-based intervention music therapy dementia cognition mood

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

CROSSOVER

Randomised crossover design
Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

DOUBLE

Investigators Outcome Assessors
Participants and instructors cannot be blinded due to the nature of the intervention. External evaluators will remain blinded after randomization; success of blinding will be verified at the end of each participant's participation.

Study Groups

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Intensive followed by minimal music training

Music training conducted by a trained instructor (music therapist or music educator):

2 sessions per week for 5 months (intensive); no intervention for 2 months (washout period);

1 session per month for 5 months (minimal).

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Music training - intensive

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Music training entails learning novel songs the participant chooses from a list. Songs are similar in complexity and length (number of words, high frequency words, harmony, musical complexity, length of verses and chorus). Offering a variety of songs allows to examine memory performance regardless of the specific song chosen. Sessions last 30 to 40 minutes, conducted based on a manual (1. mood observation; 2. warm-up; 3. teaching the chorus, observed liking of song; 4. singing entire chorus; 5. singing chorus in context, 6. session closure with favourite song; 7. final mood observation; session rating), and are video-recorded. External evaluators audit the sessions video recordings to determine adherence to the manual. Sessions are offered twice a week for 5 months.

Music training - minimal

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Music training entails learning novel songs the participant chooses from a list. Songs are similar in complexity and length (number of words, high frequency words, harmony, musical complexity, length of verses and chorus). Offering a variety of songs allows to examine memory performance regardless of the specific song chosen. Sessions last 30 to 40 minutes, conducted based on a manual (1. mood observation; 2. warm-up; 3. teaching the chorus, observed liking of song; 4. singing entire chorus; 5. singing chorus in context, 6. session closure with favourite song; 7. final mood observation; session rating), and are video-recorded. External evaluators audit the sessions video recordings to determine adherence to the manual. Sessions are offered once a month for 5 months.

Treatment as Usual (TAU)

Intervention Type OTHER

Medications, behavioural interventions and other treatments that participants may receive outside the study during the period of participation.

Minimal followed by intensive music training

Music training conducted by a trained instructor (music therapist or music educator):

1. session per month for 5 months (minimal); no intervention for 2 months (washout period);
2. sessions per week for 5 months (intensive).

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Music training - intensive

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Music training entails learning novel songs the participant chooses from a list. Songs are similar in complexity and length (number of words, high frequency words, harmony, musical complexity, length of verses and chorus). Offering a variety of songs allows to examine memory performance regardless of the specific song chosen. Sessions last 30 to 40 minutes, conducted based on a manual (1. mood observation; 2. warm-up; 3. teaching the chorus, observed liking of song; 4. singing entire chorus; 5. singing chorus in context, 6. session closure with favourite song; 7. final mood observation; session rating), and are video-recorded. External evaluators audit the sessions video recordings to determine adherence to the manual. Sessions are offered twice a week for 5 months.

Music training - minimal

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Music training entails learning novel songs the participant chooses from a list. Songs are similar in complexity and length (number of words, high frequency words, harmony, musical complexity, length of verses and chorus). Offering a variety of songs allows to examine memory performance regardless of the specific song chosen. Sessions last 30 to 40 minutes, conducted based on a manual (1. mood observation; 2. warm-up; 3. teaching the chorus, observed liking of song; 4. singing entire chorus; 5. singing chorus in context, 6. session closure with favourite song; 7. final mood observation; session rating), and are video-recorded. External evaluators audit the sessions video recordings to determine adherence to the manual. Sessions are offered once a month for 5 months.

Treatment as Usual (TAU)

Intervention Type OTHER

Medications, behavioural interventions and other treatments that participants may receive outside the study during the period of participation.

Interventions

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Music training - intensive

Music training entails learning novel songs the participant chooses from a list. Songs are similar in complexity and length (number of words, high frequency words, harmony, musical complexity, length of verses and chorus). Offering a variety of songs allows to examine memory performance regardless of the specific song chosen. Sessions last 30 to 40 minutes, conducted based on a manual (1. mood observation; 2. warm-up; 3. teaching the chorus, observed liking of song; 4. singing entire chorus; 5. singing chorus in context, 6. session closure with favourite song; 7. final mood observation; session rating), and are video-recorded. External evaluators audit the sessions video recordings to determine adherence to the manual. Sessions are offered twice a week for 5 months.

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Music training - minimal

Music training entails learning novel songs the participant chooses from a list. Songs are similar in complexity and length (number of words, high frequency words, harmony, musical complexity, length of verses and chorus). Offering a variety of songs allows to examine memory performance regardless of the specific song chosen. Sessions last 30 to 40 minutes, conducted based on a manual (1. mood observation; 2. warm-up; 3. teaching the chorus, observed liking of song; 4. singing entire chorus; 5. singing chorus in context, 6. session closure with favourite song; 7. final mood observation; session rating), and are video-recorded. External evaluators audit the sessions video recordings to determine adherence to the manual. Sessions are offered once a month for 5 months.

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Treatment as Usual (TAU)

Medications, behavioural interventions and other treatments that participants may receive outside the study during the period of participation.

Intervention Type OTHER

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* Diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease
* Home-dwelling
* Non-musician

Exclusion Criteria

* Non-Alzheimer dementia
* Living in care home
* History as a professional musician
Minimum Eligible Age

65 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

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Universidad de Ciencias Empresariales y Sociales, Buenos Aires, Argentina

UNKNOWN

Sponsor Role collaborator

University of Vienna

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

University of Bergen

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

Universidad Nacional de Entre Rios

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

Kinn Municipality, Norway

UNKNOWN

Sponsor Role collaborator

Oslo Municipality

OTHER_GOV

Sponsor Role collaborator

Norwegian Association for Music Therapy

UNKNOWN

Sponsor Role collaborator

Oslo Dementia Association

UNKNOWN

Sponsor Role collaborator

NORCE Norwegian Research Centre AS

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Responsibility Role SPONSOR

Locations

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Universidad de Ciencias Empresariales y Sociales

Buenos Aires, , Argentina

Site Status NOT_YET_RECRUITING

University of Vienna

Vienna, , Austria

Site Status NOT_YET_RECRUITING

University of Bergen

Bergen, Vestland, Norway

Site Status RECRUITING

Haraldsplass Diakonale Sykehus

Bergen, Vestland, Norway

Site Status NOT_YET_RECRUITING

Kinn municipality

Florø, , Norway

Site Status NOT_YET_RECRUITING

Oslo municipality

Oslo, , Norway

Site Status RECRUITING

Countries

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Argentina Austria Norway

Central Contacts

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Elias Langeland

Role: CONTACT

Phone: 0047 90628887

Email: [email protected]

Christian Gold

Role: CONTACT

Phone: 0047 97501757

Email: [email protected]

Facility Contacts

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Marcela Lichtensztejn

Role: primary

Anja-Xiaoxing Cui

Role: primary

Elias Langeland

Role: primary

Ragnhild Skogseth

Role: primary

Jorunn B Nydal

Role: primary

Elin Linløkken

Role: primary

References

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Lichtensztejn M, Cui AX, Geretsegger M, Lundervold AJ, Koelsch S, Pfabigan DM, Assmus J, Langeland E, Ruiz M, Tabernig C, Skogseth RE, Gold C. Memory for Music (M4M) protocol for an international randomised controlled trial: effects of individual intensive musical training based on singing in non-musicians with Alzheimer's disease. BMJ Open. 2025 Oct 20;15(10):e095136. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2024-095136.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 41120149 (View on PubMed)

Related Links

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Other Identifiers

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344215

Identifier Type: OTHER_GRANT

Identifier Source: secondary_id

106684

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id