Evaluation of MBCT Implemented in Vietnamese Buddhist Pagoda

NCT ID: NCT06598579

Last Updated: 2025-12-23

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

NOT_YET_RECRUITING

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

160 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2026-02-15

Study Completion Date

2026-10-15

Brief Summary

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Background

Depression presents a substantial public health burden around the world. Evidence-based psychotherapy treatments (psychotherapy EBT) for depression exist but access is often limited, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), by mental health stigma and scarcity of professional mental health providers. One approach to address these issues is mental health task-shifting, transferring mental health services from highly trained mental health professionals operating in formal mental health settings, to non-mental health professionals or lay people receiving focused training in a particular mental health program, operating in non-mental health settings (e.g., schools; religious settings). Purposes of the present study are to (a) adapt Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) for depression - a psychotherapy depression EBT - for implementation in Vietnamese Buddhist pagoda in VN (MBCT-VN); and (b) conduct a cluster-randomized clinical trial of MBCT-VN, implemented in Vietnamese Buddhist pagoda. Vietnamese Buddhist pagoda are selected as the task-shifting site because they represent a potentially low stigma, culturally-congruent site for task-shifting implementation of mindfulness-based mental health treatments.

Methods

MBCT was adapted for the present project through a collaborative team process, producing the MBCT-VN program. The clinical trial evaluation will involve a cluster-randomized comparison between (a) the treatment condition MBCT-VN, and (b) a treatment-as-usual control condition, Buddhist meditation as implemented in pagoda. To reduce cross-group contamination, pagoda will be the unit of assignment. Outcome assessments will include four timepoints across four months. One hundred and sixty adult participants will be recruited from eight (four treatment; four control) Buddhist pagoda in the Hanoi, Vietnam area. The primary outcome will be level of depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9: PHQ-9); the secondary outcome will be quality of life (Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire: Q-LES-Q). The study will assess and evaluate several Implementation Science factors (e.g., Treatment Acceptability) as well as other potential moderators of treatment effects, and potential mediators such as increase in depression mental health literacy and decrease in depression stigma. Inferential analyses will use a general linear mixed model framework with a latent growth curve framework, with propensity covariates.

Detailed Description

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Detailed Description

The study has three research aims and hypotheses:

* 1: To investigate the effects of MBCT-VN on the primary outcome, level of depression symptoms. It is hypothesized that the Treatment Group (MBCT-VN) will show significantly more reduction than the Control Group in PHQ-9 (depression) scores.
* 2: To investigate the effects of MBCT-VN on the secondary outcome, level of quality of life. It is hypothesized that the Treatment Group (MBCT-VN) will show significantly more increase than the Control Group in Q-LES-Q (quality of life) scores.
* 3: To investigate change from pre-treatment to post-treatment depression symptoms. It is hypothesized that the Treatment Group (MBCT-VN) will show pre-treatment to post-treatment change on the PHQ-9 that does not differ significantly from other within-group change in MBCT depression treatment evaluations, using statistical benchmarking methodology.

Conditions

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Depressive Symptoms Quality of Life

Keywords

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Depression Mindfulness Buddhist meditation MBCT Vietnam task-shifting

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

NONE

Because a cluster-randomization design is being used, with random assignment at the pagoda-level to avoid cross-group contamination, masking is not possible.

Study Groups

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MBCT-VN

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Mindfulness-based Cognitive Therapy

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) is a form of psychotherapy that combines principles of cognitive therapy with mindfulness practices focused on increasing non-judgemental awareness of the present moment. It was designed to help individuals, particularly those with depression, stop rumination and a cycle of negative thought patterns that lead to emotional distress including depression. It is a well established depression EBT. The Vietnamese version of the program (MBCT-VN) is a group treatment involving from five to ten participants (depending on how many participants are able to be recruited) per group.

Buddhist Meditation - Treatment-as-Usual

Group Type PLACEBO_COMPARATOR

Treatment-as-usual involving Buddhist meditation

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

MBCT and other mindfulness interventions were originally derived from Buddhist meditation, modifed to be non-secular and focused on treatment of depression and other mental health and behavioral problems rather than on spiritual development. In the present study, a treatment-as-usual condition involving Buddhist meditation will be used. The project will assess the characteristics of the Buddhist meditation delivered for the control group participants at pagoda meditation retreats but will not influence this control condition in any way.

Interventions

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Mindfulness-based Cognitive Therapy

Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) is a form of psychotherapy that combines principles of cognitive therapy with mindfulness practices focused on increasing non-judgemental awareness of the present moment. It was designed to help individuals, particularly those with depression, stop rumination and a cycle of negative thought patterns that lead to emotional distress including depression. It is a well established depression EBT. The Vietnamese version of the program (MBCT-VN) is a group treatment involving from five to ten participants (depending on how many participants are able to be recruited) per group.

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Treatment-as-usual involving Buddhist meditation

MBCT and other mindfulness interventions were originally derived from Buddhist meditation, modifed to be non-secular and focused on treatment of depression and other mental health and behavioral problems rather than on spiritual development. In the present study, a treatment-as-usual condition involving Buddhist meditation will be used. The project will assess the characteristics of the Buddhist meditation delivered for the control group participants at pagoda meditation retreats but will not influence this control condition in any way.

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Other Intervention Names

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MBCT

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* Age 18 years or older
* PHQ-9 greater than or equal to 10
* PHQ-9 sadness item greater than or equal to 1, and / or PHQ-9 anhedonia item greater than or equal to 1

Exclusion Criteria

* PHQ-9 greater than or equal to 20
* suicidal intent
* mania or psychosis
Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

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VNU University of Education

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)

NIH

Sponsor Role collaborator

Vanderbilt University

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Bahr Weiss

Principal Investigator

Responsibility Role PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Locations

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VNU University of Education

Hanoi, , Vietnam

Site Status

Countries

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Vietnam

Central Contacts

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Bahr Weiss, PhD

Role: CONTACT

Phone: 615-829-6624

Email: [email protected]

Facility Contacts

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Minh Dang, PhD

Role: primary

References

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Weiss B, Vu V, Dang HM, Trung L. Protocol for a cluster-randomized clinical trial to evaluate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for depression, implemented in Vietnamese Buddhist pagoda. BMC Psychol. 2025 May 20;13(1):527. doi: 10.1186/s40359-025-02754-5.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 40394634 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

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NIHR21MH127563

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

R21MH127563

Identifier Type: NIH

Identifier Source: secondary_id

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